I had this problem for a while - my Xbox 360 died and I had a few charge&play cables with wireless controllers... none of them worked even with Xbox 360 compatible PC games. Had to get a "Xbox 360 for Windows" or simply a wired 360 controller. I purchased one from Gamestop for cheap and it works great... but the game has to be compatible.
After that, make sure the player 1 light is on. Press the Xbox Guide (middle shiny button) and the battery meter should appear on your computer screen. After that, you should be able to fire up a game and use the controller.
If you need help with the driver and getting the controller to work, you're welcome to PM me as I've done this before (I have a receiver).
I know that it works for some games (such as Fallout 3), but that is the only game I ever had to do that for. Put the PC game in, plug the XBox controller into a USB port,and try away. I didn't have to hack at all for Fallout 3.
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Driver is here: http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.microsoft.com/hardware/download/download.aspx%3Fcategory%3DGaming&sa=X&ei=xTc1TNnVH8H7lwe5z-zSBw&ved=0CBUQzgQoADAA&usg=AFQjCNFuErt9IEbJdXY3Z_CQ-3RNKdxxbg
After that, make sure the player 1 light is on. Press the Xbox Guide (middle shiny button) and the battery meter should appear on your computer screen. After that, you should be able to fire up a game and use the controller.
If you need help with the driver and getting the controller to work, you're welcome to PM me as I've done this before (I have a receiver).