How would be the best, easiest, cheapest way to make two tubes adjustable?
Any ideas?

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A shipping store if you have them in the east will carry some immediate
tubes. . . . . . . A
And how to fix one lens on right by pressing two segments to hold
using magic tape to fit tight.
While on left a slide tube focus with green segments holding objective lens.
A
What are these reactants and products?
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If they both need the strength of PVC or something sturdier than paper, try to find two sizes where the smaller fits inside the larger with a smallish gap between and build up the outside by gluing on layers of something until it's a sliding fit.
As a child I had a balloon pump- two cardboard tubes that made a sliding fit with a nozzle and one-way valve on one end, so it worked a little like a simple bicycle pump. If you can find one of these in a toy shop it could work.
Paper maybe will work for you. After made the tube with some turns and vinylic glue, you can permeate it with vernice or so to give it more stiffness.