3D Printing an Ironman Helmet by samohtep
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fileComparison.jpg
NOTE: I've entered this in the Halloween Prop Content. If you think it's worth it, please click vote! Thank you!

Several months ago, I approached the rapid prototyping department at my company and asked if they would be able to help me produce a replica Ironman helmet. I had tried building the helmet with pepakura files produced by a member of the thereplicapropforum.com, but I found I did not have the time/patience/skill to sit and trim out hundreds of pieces of paper and reassemble them. This is my first instructable, but I wanted to share my process for anyone who has been interested in going this route. I took photos and screen caps along the way, but I may have missed a few steps that I'll just have to explain.


UPDATE:
I received word from user mangomango that there were problems with the original file. I've broken the original file into its constituent pieces and labeled them as such. The Ear piece is the same on each side of the head, so just make two of those!

I've added a zip file with an STL of the ironman helmet pieces for others to use. Please credit the Replica Prop Forum and I, if you use!
 
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Step 1: Modeling

As I mentioned, I had gotten the pepakura helmet file from the RPF forum. I had also purchased a copy of the Pepakura software. With a full version that allows you to create files rather than just view, I exported the pepakura file as an OBJ which I could would with in Maya. The conversion process was easy, but because the pep file is meant for paper usage, it was relatively low resolution and had no thickness.

The first step, while the poly count was low, was to extrude the model inward to give the helmet thickness. Thickness is important, it provides stability to the final product which can be brittle when it is printed too thin. Because I planned on wearing this, (and probably walking into walls/doors/people) I wanted it to be thick enough the handle a bit of abuse. The final helmet varies in thickness because while the outside has grooves and ridges, I wanted the inside to be smooth. That way, the sides and bottoms of the grooves would have extra material around then to prevent fractures. The overall helmet averages between .125" and .25" thick.

When I was done adjusting the silhouette of the low poly helmet, I subdivided the model to provide a smoother finished surface. As you'll see later, I could have gone even further with this step.
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desertsniper says: Mar 16, 2012. 1:54 PM
best use for a 3D printer yet! great work, now i want a 3D printer even more, thanks alot!
ehudwill says: Mar 17, 2012. 8:32 AM
Great work. Wish I had access to a 3D printer now more than ever.
jeno45 says: May 15, 2013. 2:00 PM
Good work mate! I'm working on a iron man suit so this has come in handy!
Redmario says: May 15, 2013. 10:43 AM
I'm a big fan. Just amazing !
isaac.gunther says: Apr 26, 2013. 3:32 PM
Hi,
I am loving the design for this, but I was wondering how much the printing cost you?
cmckinstry says: Feb 21, 2013. 12:19 AM
Hey, what are the dimensions of the fully assembled helmet? I'm just thinking about whether it will fir me without being too big.
BeYourself says: Feb 18, 2013. 11:47 PM
Ok ! 3D printing is really amazing thing ! I can see that this is going to be more and more popular everyday and it has caught me too :) I have one place where I can print mine 3D models and for now I want to print Robots that I will buy because I just started 3D modeling and didn`t have lot of skills to make perfect robots yet. I am going to print lot of them and make little army to make fantasy little movie. What is the best , I can add mine things to the robot model and print robots that I want to :) Thanks for advice in printing 3D models !
JasonCrabbe214 says: Jan 29, 2013. 8:14 PM
Hi could you please tell me the dimensions of the helmet. thanks
SwansonDesign says: Jan 16, 2013. 1:04 PM
The .STL model is really distorted. It's very warped in places. I've included a screengrab of the model loaded into Maya 2012. Do you have a .MB file I could use?
7uty56 says: Dec 30, 2012. 3:59 PM
if i send you cash can you send me one helmet?
TayTayBob says: Dec 24, 2012. 8:44 PM
can i buy one from you?????
tysen says: Dec 17, 2012. 8:29 AM
What units are these files modeled in? CM or IN?
ezra0128 says: Dec 15, 2012. 11:26 AM
And if I can, how much would it cost? I would really like one of these helmets.
ezra0128 says: Dec 15, 2012. 11:25 AM
May I buy a copy?
poofrabbit says: Nov 13, 2012. 7:18 PM
Congratulations on being a finalist in the Halloween contest!!! Can’t wait to see if you win! Good luck!
syu6 says: Nov 9, 2012. 1:42 AM
where did you get it printed? and how much did it cost? thanks
djvanbeat says: Nov 2, 2012. 2:46 PM
Hi! ,friend this helmet is better dissassembly in the back low piece of this ,this method is better for the functionality of hinges :)

i got the complete armor make in foam ,but your helmet finish is really awesome tacte
i search for 3d printing in my town now ,heheheheh

when you need the armor suit template desingn ,you can say me ,ok?

bye and regards from spain and from rpf forum
LVTBDCTR says: Oct 18, 2012. 3:01 PM
That's amazing. I was just thinking the other day, the pepakura file could be downloaded to a 3d printer. Looks like I'm at least 6 months behind on that thought. Any idea how much this would cost in materials (for the printing anyway)? Just wondering how much it would cost to send out. Anyway nice work all around (printing, painting, wiring,etc).
fecalgames says: Jul 10, 2012. 9:20 AM
what were the dimensions of the largest piece after you divided them up?
i am getting a printer soon and the build area is only 6"x6"x6" and i was wondering if it would fit.
samohtep (author) says: Sep 7, 2012. 5:59 AM
The printer used for this was a ZCorp Spectrum Z510 which has a build envelope of 10"x14"x8". I had divided up the model to fit into that space. Basically with the smaller envelope, the model would need to be cut into smaller pieces.
Reigs311 says: Oct 16, 2012. 9:14 AM
I also have a smaller printer, close, but still smaller. The printer I can access has a print area of 8x8x12, is it all really in just the orientation? ALso, what should I scale the printer to? It has presets of mm and inches, but inches makes it too big, and mm too small... Thanks! Awesome write up btw!
thecrow117 says: Sep 1, 2012. 5:10 PM
what type of 3d printer did you use and what was the printing envelope on it? thanks
samohtep (author) says: Sep 7, 2012. 5:59 AM
The printer used for this was a ZCorp Spectrum Z510 which has a build envelope of 10"x14"x8".
lkaplan2 says: Mar 17, 2012. 5:40 PM
This is really impressive. Are you going to make the rest of the suit? You know they used 3D printing to make the Iron Man costume worn in Iron Man 2. You can see a video of Jason Lopes from Legacy Effects talking about how he made it here.
samohtep (author) says: Mar 18, 2012. 5:58 AM
Wow, that's awesome! I didn't know that they had done that for the movie. My eventual plan is to print the entire suit, but they are only able to run my pieces when there is nothing else queued up for the printer. Their group services a large chunk of the company, so they are always busy.

I've broken the entire model down into piles the size of the printer bed like I've shown for the helmet. All together including the helmet, there are 16 piles, each one taking 8-10 hours to print, then a varied amount of time to depowder. That process is basically vacuum loose powder out of machine, then airbrush each piece to remove powder from crevices. Usually then the pieces are hardened with epoxy, but because I'm doing so much other sanding and painting, I'm told them that part isn't necessary.

Winning the Object printer and supplies would reduce my reliance on their services and would really help me along the way with the business plan I've been working on to provide low cost custom 3D prints to architects/designers/model builders/makers/sculptors/etc. Without the cost of repaying a $50,000 loan driving my price, I can keep prices lower! I've made this terrifying graphic to show what I have left at this point.
ironman progress.jpg
JaiKamat says: May 9, 2012. 7:00 PM
Dude, GREAT stuff. I'm a frequent to the RPF, but since I live in an apartment fully fiberglassing a pep model just isn't feasible, and this is a fantastic alternative. If possible, please let us know when permissions for the STL file release go through. I want to build this so bad, but I'm just not 3D savvy enough to do it myself.

If you do end up releasing them, could you tell me what scale the files are (with respect to the original files)? I'm 5 feet 8 inches (normal build), and I just want to make sure there's some loose compatibility there.

Thanks again man, you're really helping the prop community here with a creative alternative!
samohtep (author) says: May 10, 2012. 4:24 AM
Hey, the helmet STL files are available above in the first step. As for scaling, I'm not sure how it compares to the original files. The scale didn't convert over correctly from the pep file to the obj I saved. So I ended up taking measurements of my own head and scale it to that. That said, I'm 5' 10" and it's pretty snug on me. The padding in the back is more for comfort than support.
lkaplan2 says: Mar 18, 2012. 11:20 AM
Wow... you really have this all planned out! Keep us all posted with your project. Good luck with the Make it Real Challenge. I know if you win you'll be keeping that Objet printer pretty busy.
samohtep (author) says: Mar 20, 2012. 4:37 PM
Thanks for the support! I will do my best to wear the machine out in those six months!
mangomango says: May 8, 2012. 9:46 AM
The provided stl file is not printable. There are parts that have missing facets and reversed normals
samohtep (author) says: May 8, 2012. 10:44 AM
I've uploaded the new file. (5 STLs in the zip) Let me know if you have further issues. I cannot open STLs, but the Maya native file and the imported STL tests look clean.
samohtep (author) says: May 8, 2012. 10:15 AM
Weird, it's the same file I had them print. I did receive your DM about breaking it into individual pieces. I'm working on that now and should have the individual piece STLs up shortly.
hottamaleindustries says: Mar 31, 2012. 10:29 AM
I, like most people, do not own a 3D printer. Is there any kind of place you can think of that will allow you to submit a 3D model for them to print, or do you know where I could pick one up for a relatively affordable price? (Speaking on terms of affordable for a 3D printer, not expecting to be able to pick one up for under $1,000)
pthorsteinn says: May 6, 2012. 7:47 PM
Here's an affordable 3D printer!
http://store.solidoodle.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=59&product_id=56
pthorsteinn says: May 6, 2012. 7:47 PM
Here's an affordable 3D printer!
http://store.solidoodle.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=59&product_id=56
samohtep (author) says: May 7, 2012. 4:44 AM
Hmm, never seen that one. Looks interesting. I only wish the build area was larger. The 14x10x8 size of the z510 was the perfect size for cutting this helmet up and fitting loads of smaller pieces into. Unfortunately, it seems that that is huge as far as print volume goes.
samohtep (author) says: Apr 1, 2012. 5:44 PM
There are a few online services that will do that. Shapeways is the first that comes to mind. You can upload your files and print in a wide variety of materials. As for where to get a low price printer, Makerbots and Reprap printers are pretty reasonable, but the quality isn't as good as the professional level printers. Keep an eye on eBay and the like, I nearly had a z310 for about $5000. But those kind of deals are few and far between.
superthrust says: May 6, 2012. 9:59 AM
I would kill for this, but i have NO access to a 3d printer :(
enders_girl says: Apr 29, 2012. 11:26 AM
In this step, the helmet looks as if it's made of wood... I thought it was 3D printed. Hmm.
samohtep (author) says: Apr 29, 2012. 12:30 PM
Nope, not made of wood. I'm assuming you are looking at the ridges? The lines you see are a result of the flat printing process creating the curvature of the helmet. Because the print resolution isn't really high, when the machine tried to print a rounded surface, it creates the curve in steps. For example, look at one of the makerbot rabbit models.
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