Audio Cassette Loop by randofo
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cassette.jpg
Theoretically it sounds really easy; you can make a tape loop by taping the ends of a short piece of magnetic ribbon together and sticking it back inside the cassette tape. However, if you ever actually tried to do this, you will soon realize that it is a tad bit trickier than one would think. I spent an afternoon working out and refining this science. After many tries and many, throw-my-hands-in-the-air-and-promise-to-give-up sorts of moments, I think I have it down reasonably enough to write instructions for someone else to do it. Now you too can tape the ends of magnetic ribbon together, ?, and profit!
 
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Step 1: Go get stuff

You will need:

A cassette
A rubber washer
A razor or craft knife
Double-sided tape
Clear packing tape
A screwdriver
Scissors
Mat board
A ruler
A cassette player
theatre_tech_guru says: Jul 2, 2009. 9:10 AM
digital is so much easier
TheRealDutchOwner says: May 26, 2012. 1:54 PM
But lacks fidelity and thus inferior to analog.
poparoo4 says: Jul 28, 2009. 11:47 AM
I Seemed to have missed the point.... What's it for?
lglenn says: Nov 11, 2011. 9:05 AM
Place near your parrot before you go to work with it repeating "Help, somebody changed me into a parrot!".
omnibot says: Jun 9, 2011. 12:57 AM
One use (apart from old answeringmachines) is in making a Mellotron http://www.mysterycircuits.com/melloman/melloman.html
andybuda says: Mar 30, 2011. 1:56 AM
putting in a cheap tape player and dropping down a well. "help im stuck in a hole and i can`t get out"
Robot Lover says: Oct 16, 2011. 10:30 PM
How many seconds? can it hold of sound? these could be helpful to make a mellotron
randofo (author) says: Oct 16, 2011. 11:10 PM
I believe it is about 8 - 10 seconds.
livesteamfan says: Sep 11, 2011. 6:30 PM
Would it be a good idea to wind the tape like it was in 8-track cartridges, or would that not work out right?
Warlrosity says: Sep 10, 2010. 12:30 AM
I would like to record quiet background noise, and play that.
Redgerr says: Jul 15, 2011. 5:36 AM
ahahah, nice
aico says: Jun 13, 2011. 5:47 AM
So I was playing around with this a bit yesterday and I've been having a lot of fun figuring things out. I might even write my own Instructable to expand a bit (if you don't mind).

First off, the washer and matboard seem to be pretty unnecessary, in fact I've had success just wrapping the tape around the little wheels at the bottom to make it much shorter, or around the little clear plastic pegs throughout the cassette (the one I used had 6). I also made one with the tape wrapped around both the reels and with that one I was able to fast forward or rewind for superfast playback.

The Mobeius tape loop worked out alright, but it was not super practical. Half of it plays back regularly and half plays whatever is on the other side of the tape, but in reverse and more quietly. Also, I was only able to record over the 'regular' side, and had to flip it over and time it just right to record over the other half.

You can still use both sides of the tape.

It seems like cutting the tape at an angle and taping it carefully will give a really clean loop, but whenever I try to record a drone over the whole thing, I get a bit of silence, presumable from the distance between the bit of the tape machine that erases and the bit that records when I press stop. This can be overcome by either using a pre-recorded tape or by recording a loop and then shortening it (though so far I've been too lazy to try the second option).

It is possible to make a microcasette loop, but it is a total pain to do and isn't much quicker than a cassette loop (since the tape speed is slower). Basically the tape has to be really snug and the tape is more delicate so you can't handle it too much (I wore a blue plastic glove and used tweezers).
randofo (author) says: Jun 13, 2011. 10:16 PM
You should totally post your own Instructable showing what you have found. I would be interested in seeing instructions for all of your different experiments. I would have not thought the Mobeius tape loop would have worked like that. One of these days I want to get back to messing around with this to try to make a seamless loop.
postulatej says: Apr 5, 2011. 7:23 PM
Well, after days of following these instructions i couldn't get my tape loop to work by this method....instead, i nixed the rubber washer and matte board washer. I made just enough tension on the tape and used the regular old spindle to make the tape loop. There are several ways to make a cassette tape loop, I'm not saying my way is the best, just saying that if you can't get yours to work by this method try some experimentation and use common sense.
Harrymatic says: Nov 21, 2010. 11:46 AM
This was an absolute pain in the arse to get right, but you can do some pretty cool stuff with it once it's working. Drum loops are pretty nifty on it. I used a multitude of rubber bands on the reel.
j03tv says: Aug 29, 2010. 8:26 PM
I remember doing something like this before but it was just to fix some tapes that snapped apart.
garrettanderson983 says: Mar 14, 2010. 1:29 PM
here are some helpful facts:
1. use a rubber band that's been cut and crazy-glued to the moving wheel instead of a washer. those are hard to find
2. u have to use a four-track recorder for this. if u do, then you can do live looping, until the tape wears out
Joe Stone says: Jul 31, 2009. 1:18 PM
woot! it took me a couple of tries, but my tape loop works. yeah, i have no idea what i'd use this idea for at the moment... maybe more ambient sounds. i'd like to try disabling the erase head on a recorder and see what kinda overlapping sounds i could build up.
randofo (author) says: Jul 31, 2009. 10:26 PM
That sounds cool. You should post an Instructable of that if you disable it.
bishely says: Jul 15, 2009. 12:20 PM
Just a small point - you say the tape is driven by the capstan (little rubber wheel that pops up when you press play), which is true, to some extent. Actually, the capstan provides some power to the movement, but it's main job is regulating the speed of play (so it doesn't flutter/wobble) - the reason the spindles didn't seem to do anything driving your tape is quite obvious: the tape was no longer connected to either of them, but simply looped around. The spindles would have to be very sticky (the rubber washer helps, but even more so) to be able to drive the tape like that, and that'd mean more tapes being eaten by tape machines. So just an FYI - the spindles aren't completely useless, but they are if the tape's not connected to them. Otherwise, great instructable!
bigmike55 says: Jul 2, 2009. 3:41 PM
Thank you Eric. This is simple and practical. I made something similar to this a long time ago, when I was experimenting with an echo machine I built.
dombeef says: Jul 12, 2009. 6:54 PM
This is not Eric
justalf says: Jul 2, 2009. 5:10 PM
Your splices will work much better if you can splice them on an angle. You need something like a mitre but much smaller (I've used splicing blocks but you could do it without). Use a scalpel, overlay the two ends to be spliced, cut on a 45 degree angle, remove the bits you dont need, hold the tape ends as close together as possible, use the thinnest tape you have on the back and your done. It's a lost art from the 70s and 80s.
Jonny Katana says: Jul 9, 2009. 12:26 AM
Another cool feature of angled splices is that depending on the angle, you may be able to notice a fading effect between the beginning and end of the tape when the splice passes the head.
yokozuna says: Jul 6, 2009. 7:45 PM
In tv/radio, these were called bump carts. Of course, nothing in tv/radio actually uses reels anymore, but I'm guilty of being old enough to remember them "back in the day".
mweston says: Jul 5, 2009. 10:16 AM
To make the splice run through the reels better, try cutting the ends at 45 degree angles and then taping them together. This might make a funny sound if there is something on the tape, but if it is blank at the point of the splice then it shouldn't make a difference.
neuralstatic says: Jun 26, 2009. 3:24 PM
moebius loop ftw!
legless says: Jul 4, 2009. 10:31 PM
You can't use a Moebius strip (loop) as only one side of cassette magnetic tape is coated with the oxide.
neuralstatic says: Jul 5, 2009. 10:06 AM
yes, it's the side away from the tape head normally. the substrate/mylar stays between the head and the oxides to protect them, prevent dropouts flaking. it could play the othe side too, but it wouldnt' last so long i guess. if you enjoy self-devolving projects it might be cool
cegu says: Jul 3, 2009. 1:06 PM
You know, that would double the length of this tape. I think it can be done.
lemonie says: Jun 27, 2009. 12:52 PM
I made one of these years ago, but I can't remember how much play you get - 20-30 seconds? L
static says: Jul 3, 2009. 12:40 AM
Somewhere on the web, undoubtedly is listed the tape speed used by the cassete tecnology. Armed with that one could created any record time they need.
subgeek says: Jul 4, 2009. 7:08 AM
standard cassette speed is 4.8 cm/s.
bruninho13 says: Jul 3, 2009. 7:33 AM
What's the reason to make that thing??? ur just destroying a cassete....=D
andrew101 says: Jul 4, 2009. 6:09 AM
cuz who doesnt want a 10 second infinite loop? XD
lucek says: Jul 3, 2009. 12:59 PM
so how long is the recording?
Bor says: Jul 2, 2009. 4:05 AM
Actually, you can just buy these at a thrift store. They where made to record the outgoing message in answering machines.
Spokehedz says: Jul 2, 2009. 9:14 PM
This comment is the equivalent of me going to a concert and saying to the person next to me, "You know, they sell this same music at a store."

OF COURSE WE KNOW THAT! There is something to be said about making something--even if it exists already, or you can buy it at the store--with your own hands.

Some people (myself included) just like making stuff rather than buying it. Or the knowledge that they can make things that other people have to buy.

However, In some instances I will agree with purchasing rather than making:

  • If the construction uses very specialized components, that most normal people do not have on hand. (chemicals are what usually fall in this category for myself.)
  • If the construction uses specialized tools, that most people do not have access to. (Buying a tool to use once is a bad purchase. Buying an expensive tool that costs more than what I am making is an extremely bad purchase.)
  • It would cost more than twice the price to make a single item. (The only exception is if I can make more easily a second time, such as making a silicone mold and the cost of the mold material is expensive.)
  • If the construction uses very dangerous components, or if there is a very high risk of failure with very dire consequences.
I am not talking about burning yourself on a hot iron, or cutting yourself with scissors. I am talking about making gunpowder from scratch, or making a pressure-vessel for hundreds of PSI, or anything where extremely precise measuring is required--this goes back to the tools earlier.
mikerockwell1975 says: Jul 2, 2009. 4:12 PM
Unfortunately, that would negate the reason that this website exists, lol
Buskieboy says: Jul 2, 2009. 3:54 PM
This Instructable would be great to use for sound effects during holidays, especially Halloween!
Buskieboy says: Jul 2, 2009. 3:50 PM
I've had to splice together broken tapes a couple of times and have found that if you make the ends diagonal instead of 90 degree, the tape is less likely to skip loudly. The "taper" on the tape makes for a smoother transition and less strain on the splice altogether.
teddlesruss says: Jul 2, 2009. 8:31 AM
I'd be removing the unused reel to give space for tape to pile up in, and using two strips of thin stiff plastic against the active reel - one to press the tape against the rubber, the other to peel it off halfway around. Spare tape can then pile up in the casing and the capstan / roller will draw it out of the concertina pile of tape. That's how some of the continuous tapes I remember as a kid worked, anyway.
Macka says: Jul 2, 2009. 8:17 AM
This must be what they use for elevator music and automated telephone waiting que systems :p
livesteamfan says: Jun 28, 2009. 7:41 PM
What if I wanted to loop the whole tape like an 8-track? Would that be possible?
ironsmiter says: Jun 29, 2009. 3:50 AM
no.
you'd be better off getting an actual 8-track player, and tape, and just using that.

Modifying the tape mechanism of a cassette into a long loop....

Well, I suppose it COULD be done, but not easily, and you couldn't use it in a standard tape player. Standard cassette decks would put too much tension on the tape, and it would bind up.

You'd be better off getting a cassette tape mp3 player and setting it to loop your playlist.

just use some caution, as the cassette player read heads MAY desensitize a bit over prolonged usage. So don't go and use this in your super-high end audiophile multi-thousand dollar cassette deck.
livesteamfan says: Jun 29, 2009. 7:55 AM
There are multi-thousand dollar cassette decks? I just use an old record player that was made back in the early 80's for everything. It's a soundesign 2-speed turntable, AM/FM radio, 8-track recorder and cassette recorder. I was just wondering because all my 8-tracks are worn to where two different tracks play at once like they all did after a long time.
ironsmiter says: Jun 29, 2009. 9:47 AM
ok, you caught me... the most expensive deck I found on a quick search was just at 1 grand(Nakamichi cr-7e) course, the last time I BOUGHT a cassette deck, that price was a bit higher. You could try repairing your 8-tracks... Bleed-over is usually a result of a failed pressure pads. Pretty easy repair, and it returns years of life to your tapes :-) If you're not quite up to it yourself, there's a few places that will refurb your 8-tracks for like $5. If you have to do an 8-track splice, remember regular cello tape will NOT do. you need the metallic indicator splice tape, so your player knows when to switch tracks :-) I'd suggest also, digitizing those tapes. Sure, they sound great, but if a splice fails, and the player eats it.... it's a lost cause. and they WILL eventually fail. My NEWEST 8-track is a 'young' 12 years old!
mattyuke says: Jun 27, 2009. 11:44 AM
What exactly is this used for???
ironsmiter says: Jun 29, 2009. 3:51 AM
I did this sort of thing once, for an old mini-tape answering machine, that I didn't want any answers from :-)
ReCreate says: Jun 28, 2009. 10:52 AM
playing music?
Derin says: Jun 28, 2009. 3:57 AM
DIY ATIS service :D
twocvbloke says: Jun 27, 2009. 7:56 PM
I once tried to do this not too long back, but got so frustrated with it I just ended up throwing the whole thing in the bin.... :S The only difference with mine was I looped the tape over both reels as some more modern tape players, like that in my Sony car (bed) radio like to have both reels turning, otherwise it just stops and spits the tape back out, but I just got irritated by the tensioning problems that I just gave up and did something else... :P Still, I want to try again sometime... :)
pflodo says: Jun 27, 2009. 2:23 AM
(removed by author or community request)
randofo (author) says: Jun 27, 2009. 11:58 AM
May I remind you we have a Be Nice Policy?
pflodo says: Jun 27, 2009. 2:57 PM
I appologise if my comment was not nice. This is an excellent site and part of that comes from controlling comments and keeping trolls away. Lets rephrase my comment in positive language: I would have loved this instructable when I was a kid, which unfortunately is long time ago. Keep up the good work.
higgrobot says: Jun 26, 2009. 12:23 AM
I have one of those things, but I could never figure out where the usb lead plugs in :)
hintss says: Jun 27, 2009. 10:25 AM
funny!
tannerr52 says: Jun 27, 2009. 1:26 PM
lol nice display picture!
ReCreate says: Jun 26, 2009. 10:28 PM
Wow...I don't know why they didn't make something like this earlier...
gezortenplotz says: Jun 26, 2009. 4:42 AM
Tape splicing is pretty much a lost art. I used to have several of these that were commercially made for answering machines back in the 80's, but got lost or gummed up. I still have a 4-track cassette recorder & even though there's digital ways to do this, I think some cool recordings can be made using this looped tape. Thanks for the good instructable!
wupme says: Jun 26, 2009. 4:52 PM
I Still got the equipment here thats needed to slice a tape perfectly, you know those things where you put it in, cut it with a razor at an angle and even the "special" adhessive tape for it.
jswilson64 says: Jun 26, 2009. 2:23 PM
Good Instructable. Need to keep the old skills alive - you never know when this could come in handy.
clickmatch says: Jun 26, 2009. 6:40 AM
Cassette? What about 8-track!?
djrock3k says: Jun 26, 2009. 11:34 AM
8 track tapes are tape loops. (unless you are being ironically funny :) )
clickmatch says: Jun 26, 2009. 12:13 PM
I was wondering if anyone would pick up on that. heh
ctp says: Jun 26, 2009. 11:50 AM
Nice job, I'm going to try it out this weekend. BTW - That's a rubber washer, not an o-ring...just to help the neophytes get the right thing :-)
joem says: Jun 26, 2009. 11:38 AM
Just a note about forces: In step 8, you say the washer "provides more tension on the sides of the wheel" when in fact, it provides compression on the wheel. Tension is when something is being pulled apart, but in this case, the wheel is being pressed by the washer.
eyeball226 says: Jun 26, 2009. 8:04 AM
Yeah! Putting one of these in a 4 track is endless fun. Especially since you can bounce loops to create incredibly dense and layered sounds. Plus if you make a Möbius loop, you can set one track to record and then if you set the opposite track to play, it plays back. Using assigns and sends you can create feedback and you've got a tape echo unit. A tape echo unit with a mixer!
conceptualstratagem says: Jun 26, 2009. 7:20 AM
Is that a garden hose O-ring? Interesting variation, I'll have to give it go.
Weissensteinburg says: Jun 26, 2009. 7:15 AM
That's awesome! What did you record onto yours
Goodhart says: Jun 26, 2009. 6:38 AM
Very nice :-) I did something very similar about 30 years ago when I was about 18-20 or so years young. About the only thing that I did differently though was that I didn't cut the tape away from the reels (step 4) but rather pulled the small slide out plug, that each reel had, off to free the tape. It doesn't really make a difference I suppose, but I didn't know how much less tension might be imparted by a little piece of the tape being on the reel still.
bustedit says: Jun 26, 2009. 5:59 AM
wait a minute...why didn't you use the Epilog laser cutter to slice the tape? In all sincereity, you are an incredible (no pun) and inspiring young man.
bustedit says: Jun 26, 2009. 6:16 AM
now i have a silly question - is it possible to record onto the looped cassette, or must you use a pre-recorded tape? is the sticky tape strong enough to hold up to that? i think it would be as much fun playing with Start & Stop times recorded onto a limited length loop. now if you can just add a tape flange mechanism to it, you will officially be a mad genius in my book.
Goodhart says: Jun 26, 2009. 6:32 AM
When I did this same thing, back in 1979 or thereabouts, I was able to record a short, several seconds long message on the loop. I am not sure how much success one would have with the loop twisted (the attempt to double the loop length, step 12). I have had single twists end up going through the spindle and get folded.
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