Blood Borne Pathogens

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Role of lab technicians

• Blood checkup and Scanning
• Analyzing the test result
• Help physicians to handle the equipments
• Maintain the equipments properly

Blood borne pathogens are transmittable microorganisms in blood that can cause disease in human body. These pathogens include hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood borne pathogens enter the body through blood and OPIM (other potentially infectious materials), such as:

� Body fluids
� Amniotic fluid
� Semen
� Vaginal fluids

Blood borne pathogens falls into two categories:
• Direct – by an open scratch on the skin or mucous membrane
• Indirect – via penetrate by contaminated sharps or needles

Pathogens Goals:   

• Basics of blood borne diseases
• Exposure prevention

Blood borne diseases

• Pathogenic microorganisms present in human blood that can lead to diseases
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Hepatitis B (HBV)
• Hepatitis C (HCV)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

HIV is a virus which kills the blood cells in human body and leads to AIDS. It depletes the immune system. It does not survive outside the body .It spreads by Saliva, tears and sweat.

Hepatitis B (HBV): Most of the American peoples are affected by HBV. Nearly 1—1.25 million Americans are chronically infected for this HBV

Symptoms of HBV: Jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea and vomiting. It may lead to chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and death .Vaccination is available from 1982 so that this vaccination can survive for at least one week in dried blood.

Vaccination: The vaccination has been strongly endorsed by medical communities’ .It has been provided to all exposed employees at free of cost.

Hepatitis C (HCV): Hepatitis C is the most common chronic blood borne infection in the United States. Symptoms:  jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea and vomiting. It may lead to chronic liver disease and death.

How HIV spreads??

• Unprotected sexual with infected person
• Blood transferring from infected person, by using infected blood needles, shaving blade and tooth brush
• Mother to child transmission by breastfeeding if a mother has HIV

Symptoms for HIV

• Unsolved fever, frequent cough and weight loss of more than 5 kg within short period
• White blotches in the mouth or on tongue, sweats (particularly at night), Rash, swollen lymph glands, and weakness.
How to prevent the lab equipments from HIV virus
• Treat all blood and bodily fluids as if they are contaminated .In lab equipments, we should use latex gloves for bleeding control problem, post accident cleanup and janitorial work
• We should use protective clothing (smocks or aprons), respiratory mask, eye/face protection (goggles, glasses, or face shield) for spurting blood problem.

Labels and sign

Labels must include universal biohazard symbol, and the term “Biohazard” must be attached to:

• Containers of regulated biohazard waste
• Refrigerators or freezers containing blood
• Containers used to store, transport, or ship

For more informations regarding bestcare lab services and blood borne pathogens you may refer bestcarelab.com