Build Your Own Arduino

Build Your Own Arduino

Setting up an Arduino on a breadboard has become a process I have grown to love.

Within a few minutes you can have a fully working Arduino platform to work with as you will see in this tutorial. There have been several occasions when I was at school and quickly put together one of these for testing some ideas for a project. Plus it is just looks so neat with all the components laid out over the breadboard.

Some of my Arduino Projects




Whats is an Arduino?

Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. It's intended for artists, designers, hobbyists, and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments.

Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. The microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring) and the Arduino development environment (based on Processing). Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they can communicate with software on running on a computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP).[1] www.arduino.ccý


 

 
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Step 1Components

Components
With a few inexpensive parts and a solderless breadboard you can quickly and easily build your own Arduino. This concept works great when you want to prototype a new design idea, or you don't want to tear apart your design each time you need your Arduino.
 
The example below shows how to hook up the components on your breadboard. We will go into further detail throughout this project.
 
Figure 1-1: Breadboard Arduino with USB programming ability.
 
Before we get started, make sure you have all the necessary items in the component list box.
If you need to purchase parts you can do so from my site at www.ArduinoFun.com or see below for other online stores

* See note about the TTL-232R cable in programming options before purchasing.
10% OFF Entire Order at ArduinoFun.com, use Coupon Code: INSTRUCTABLES upon check out.
You can buy components at www.ArduinoFun.com or www.SparkFun.com or www.CuriousInventor.com or www.FunGizmos.com or www.Adafruit.com just to name a few places off hand.

Origninal tutorial by: http://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/Tutorials/ArduinoBreadboard
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116 comments
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Oct 20, 2009. 9:28 AMXylophonicMonkey says:
I have a sneaky suspicion that it's an automated response.
Nice initiative with the embedding forces you to read the steps
and not just give the pictures a once over and forget it like one usually does :)
Aug 16, 2011. 2:10 PMmnasr says:
hello
i know this is an old thred
i have a small question
can i use atmega8a for this project
thanks in advance
Dec 13, 2011. 8:51 AMsoshimo says:
Late reply, I know, but, yes, you can use an atmega8a. You will have to modify the connections though. You can read the datasheet to find out where vcc, vdd, reset, and any other pins you might need are and adjust the wiring accordingly. You can't just drop an an atmega8 where the other IC is though (if pin out is the same then you could, like I said, check the datasheet)
Oct 20, 2011. 10:42 AMyooooo1089 says:
gr9 work!
Aug 5, 2011. 4:22 PMtop.boy says:
can i use atmega 8 ?
Aug 1, 2011. 8:53 AMtachtanlee says:
Does it matters 10uF Electrolytic capacitor's voltage?
Jul 23, 2011. 10:25 PMyaly says:
go and read here
Jul 23, 2011. 10:22 PMyaly says:
if you have a serial port in your computer you can use the following:
--------------------------------------------------------
serial port atmega l
pin1 DTR 0.1uf reset l
pin2 RX TX l
pin3 TX RX l
pin4 ( not connected ) l
pin5 GND GND l
pin6 ( not connected ) l
pin7 ( not connected ) l
pin8 ( not connected ) l
pin9 ( not connected ) l
-------------------------------------------------------
PS : on the right most of the picture there is "pin 1 reset"
it is pin 1 on the serial port and reset pin on atmega but there is a 0.1uf cap in between these two pins for auto reset as in arduino uno.
arduino-hardcore-schematic_3.JPG
Feb 8, 2011. 6:29 AMrobonerd says:
I know this post is from a ways back, but what program did you use to draw this design? Do you know of any free programs I can use to come up with something similar? Thanks for any help.
Apr 21, 2011. 12:11 AMviper24 says:
Fritzing is AWESOME.
May 28, 2011. 6:50 PMwamj says:
+1
May 16, 2011. 7:12 AMyaly says:
hi there is some thing i don't understand the connection between the pc and the bread board is as follows: (USB to miniUSB cable-FT232RL-breadboard) is that right and please explain more deeply about when to press the reset button and what does it do. thanks best arduino instructable i've ever read.
Apr 16, 2011. 10:14 AMDG91 says:
hey guys jelmareanvlad its right, i dont understand either, if anyone could replay ill be very glad thanks
Apr 12, 2011. 6:59 AMjelmareanvlad says:
in the parts list you said that it was needed two 22pf capacitors and two 10uf capacitors but in the component part of the pcb are: one 10uf cap and 100uf cap!? where are the other two and why the 100uf cap hasnt been in the parts list? I dont understand...and what means "RAW" ?and why are there 2 power sources dc jack and "volts in +9 to 12v???????? PLEASE REPLY AS SOON AS POSSIBLE!! thank you in advance.... :((
Feb 19, 2010. 3:47 PMshad0w88 says:
I'm assuming you're using an ATMEGA168 with the bootloader pre-installed.. What option do I have if I can't get a pre-installed ATMEGA and a TTL-232R(or any of the options you mentioned)?.. I'd really like to do this instructable but i can't get the parts mentioned in my country :(
Apr 9, 2011. 3:52 PMhightekrednek2396 says:
if you can get the arduino ide and go to

tools>burn bootloader>check what they have listed

you can use a isp or a friends arduino to burn it
Mar 20, 2011. 4:26 PMtjmortenson says:
On the PCB, could you tell me what the programming pin layout is? cause im making my own programming cable and want to know to pins.
Thanks in advance.
Mar 19, 2011. 1:54 PMsvippe says:
!!!!READ THIS!!!!!

I followed this tutorial without knowing that you need to have a bootloaded chip for it to work. For you guys who just bought a chip and the other parts should follow this tutorial first:

http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/ArduinoToBreadboard

Apr 7, 2010. 6:48 AMpurpulhaze says:
I believe the cheapest route would be to use a usb  to rs-232 cable as they can be bought for as lil' as $2.00 shipped. Couldn't I  also tap into the power from the cable so I can eliminate the 9 volt battery. How well would a setup like this work with serial monitor though?

 

Mar 10, 2011. 12:32 PMmsuzuki777 says:
I recently ordered one of these usb to rs-232 cables but just thought of a problem. RS-232 signals are +5 and -5V instead of 0 and 5V so RS-232 will not interface directly with an Arduino or the breadboard.

However, I think these are all based on the Prolific PL2303 chip which I believe is 0-5V (TTL). If that is the case, then the correct signals are available. If I get it to work, I will do and Instructable.

Lazy Old Geek
Mar 10, 2011. 2:39 AMespert92 says:
I did the breadboard setup above and bought a usb-to-rs232 cable. what now? how do I connect the two
Mar 10, 2011. 12:38 PMmsuzuki777 says:
If you also bought the P4, in theory you could connect the cable to P4 and connect the P4 to the breadboard.

If you haven't bought the P4, I wouldn't yet. I think there is a way to interface the cable directly to the breadboard. I have one on order and when I get it, I will try to get it to work and will write an Instructable if it does.

Lazy Old Geek
Dec 18, 2010. 11:09 PMrobotakepri says:
Hi, I'm a very newbie in this Arduino.
I have tried to build my own Arduino Board using ATmega328 chip with Arduino Bootloader and for upload the sketch, I'm using FTDI Basic Breakout - 5V ( both of this part are from SparkFun ). I've followed all your wiring schematic. The power LED and the 13 pin LED blink without any problems ( so I think nothing wrong with the ATmega 328 chip )
The problem occured when I try to upload the blink sketch to the board, there are some avrdude error that I don't understand how to solve .
The error message is :

Binary sketch size: 1010 bytes (of a 30720 byte maximum)
avrdude: stk500_getsync(): not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude: stk500_disable(): protocol error, expect=0x14, resp=0x51

For make sure all the wiring is correct, I upload the sketch through my Arduino Duemilanove board ( without the AT mega chip ), and within second the sketch uploaded to the board smoothly. No error at all.

So, can anyone help me to solve this problem ?


Mar 10, 2011. 11:57 AMmsuzuki777 says:
I've seen similar problems with some of my 'Arduinos'. The problem I had was intermittent connections on the serial connectors. If I just wiggled my USB-BUB it would work okay.

For this situation, make sure you also have a ground from your breakout board. Another possible problem is that Tx and Rx may be reversed. Different authors and vendors will label the Tx and Rx differently. The confusion is that a Tx (transmit) from one device say the Atmega is connected to the Rx of the other device say the FTDI. And vice versa.

Also, some Arduinos have DTR connected to the the Atmega Reset pin, but the newer Bootloader has RTS connected to the Reset through a capacitor. I am guessing that if you don't have anything connected to the Reset pin than it should load correctly but you may have to push reset to start the program.

Another thing to remember is with the Arduino software you may have to select the correct com port. Right now I have two Arduinos connected to my computer so I have to make sure I'm using the right one.

Good luck,

L.O.G.
Feb 1, 2011. 9:51 AMFoxtrot70 says:
I have the same problem. The chip I am using is the AT328 with UNO preloaded and I get the same error msg.

Mar 27, 2010. 11:14 AMAEAM says:
 works great with an ATMega168 ... I would really like to see an instructable that shows us how to use a simple rs232 cable and an rs232 chip setup instead of the expensive ftdi cable. that would be useful when we're beyond the prototyping phase and maybe want to do an inexpensive permanent setup with a serial comm option (ambient light based on twitter feed or server monitoring setup)

I also added a couple of LED's to tx/rx lines just to see the activity during sketch upload.

March272010 036.JPG
Sep 3, 2010. 12:51 PMmsuzuki777 says:
Modern Device and Wulfden have a nice little RS-232 to TTL board, the P4 http://www.moderndevice.com/products/p4 For the DIYer the schematics are also available. It's basically one IC and a bunch of resistors and capacitors and on zener diode. Lazy Old Geek
Mar 10, 2011. 2:42 AMespert92 says:
how do you use this. buy a usb-to-rs232 then use this to convert to TTL? then connect rx and tx to the breadboard setup?
Mar 10, 2011. 10:37 AMmsuzuki777 says:
The Wulfden website is a little confusing but the P4 will not work with USB. It will work with RS-232 serial ports. I've never bought one as none of my current computers have an RS-232 serial port.

To use a P4 you do connect the Rx and Tx to the breadboard but you also need a ground and 5V. Serial ports do not provide 5V so it must be supplied external such as from the 7805 on this breadboard.

Lazy Old Geek
Mar 6, 2011. 12:42 AMespert92 says:
how exactly do you use the usb-to-serial cable with the setup? my computer recognizes the new COM port both under linux and windows, but it cannot communicate with the actual arduino setup.
Jan 29, 2011. 3:39 AMardebot123 says:
i also have LEDS and wires.:
Jan 29, 2011. 3:36 AMardebot123 says:
How much would this cost since i have resistors, capacitors, 5v regulator, and breadboard already?
Dec 19, 2010. 11:27 AMAbaud4 says:
I'm not sure whats going on what my setup. I've followed the wiring exactly but not getting my LED to flash and my 5V regulator is getting REALLY hot. Can anyone help?
Dec 12, 2010. 1:10 AMshiv.ram says:
hey...no one has asked about the bootloading thing....
Its Important....
Nov 18, 2010. 4:35 PMthomasofacton says:
Nice job but i can't seem to get to www.ArduinoFun.com, Every other site you listed works fine. Oh for parts use digikey or mouser most of the time they are cheaper then other people
Aug 9, 2010. 8:22 AMcanon1200 says:
In my place they don't sell the ATmega328 or 168. Now I have a ATmega32-16PU and I have no idea what to do with it. It has 40 pins, in compare to the ATmega328, which has 28 pins. Could anyone tell me how to connect the pins? Thank you very much
Jun 28, 2010. 9:56 AMsjbotha says:
You mention a 3.3V FTDI board. Will a 5V FTDI board work? Would make sense since the regulator is providing 5V.
Oct 23, 2009. 5:53 AM148wmcquiston says:
Is there a DIY option to the programming cable?
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