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Step 5How it works and Test results
The Theory
By passing a conductive fluid [diesel or gasoline] over a series of
dissimilar metals an electrolytic charge is generated in the fuel stream.
This small ionizing (-) charge primarily effects the fuel stream at the
point of atomization (dropletting) at the fuel injector nozzle. An
uncharged fuel droplet within the vapor cloud in the combustion
chamber tends to clump together creating larger droplets with less
surface area of fuel exposed to oxygenation at the instant of
combustion. The negatively charged fuel droplets within the vapor
cloud will now repel each other causing smaller droplet diameters
and a finer mist. That finer mist burns at statistically higher temperatures
than a non-ionized fuel stream and significantly improves combustion
efficiency resulting in less unburned fuel, soot, smoke and particulate.
Reductions in carbon and nitrous based gases are also demonstrated.
The efficiency of fuel ionization was demonstrated at NASA-JPL by
Bellan and Harstad in 1984 and 1998
Electrostatic Dispersion of Fuel Drops To Reduce Soot
A numerical simulation shows that electrostatic
dispersion is superior to mechanical dispersion.
- JPL Labs, Pasadena, California
Electrostatic dispersion of drops of sprayed liquid fuel has been proposed as a technique for reducing the amount of soot formed during burning of the fuel. It is necessary to disperse fuel drops in order to reduce local concentrations of fuel-rich vapors, because such concentrations favor the nucleation of soot. The present technique can be implemented by use of a previously developed device called an “electrostatic triode”; this device puts like electrostatic charges onto sprayed fuel drops to generate dispersion of the drops.
Another technique for reducing the formation of soot is mechanical dispersion through utilization of turbulence. The effectiveness of electrostatic versus mechanical dispersion for reducing the formation of soot has been investigated in a theoretical and computational study.
In the study, the mechanical and thermodynamic interactions between fuel drops and the surrounding gases were simulated numerically by use of a mathematical model similar to the models used in previous studies of sprayed liquid fuels that have been performed by the same innovators and summarized in a number of articles in NASA Tech Briefs. The model includes, among other conservation equations, equations for the momenta of the drops. The electrostatic forces were included in these equations for those drops that were considered to be charged. The calculations for the charged drops were stopped at the Rayleigh limit; that is, secondary atomization was not modeled.
The results of the numerical simulations were interpreted as signifying that electrostatic dispersion would be superi- or to mechanical dispersion for reducing the nucleation of soot; this finding gave rise to speculation that perhaps a combination of electrostatic and mechanical dispersion might be even more effective. However, further numerical simulation revealed that for the purpose of reducing the formation of soot, the combination electrostatic and mechanical dispersion would not offer a significant advantage over electrostatic dispersion alone.
This work was done by Josette Bellan
and Kenneth Harstad of Caltech for
NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
NPO-20219
" ... It has been shown that drop-induced mechanical centrifugation cannot achieve the same benefi-
cial effects as electrostatic dispersion... to reduce soot nucleation while promoting evaporation. ...electrostatic charging is superior to mechanical centrifugation for combined soot nucleation reduction and enhancement of evaporation."
SOME US PATENTS REFERENCED
Electrostatic dispersal of liquids
US Patent 4400332, 2907707 October, 1959 Wintermute 261/1
Gas and liquid contact apparatus
3352545 November, 1967 Denine 261/95
Carburetor construction
3698635 October, 1972 Sickles 239/3
Spray Charging Device
3734474 May, 1973 Olati 261/95
Carburator For Internal Combustion Engines
4034728 July, 1977 Saufferer et al. 123/537
Installation for achieving an air/fuel mixture
4085717 April, 1978 Willman et al. 123/538
Atomization device for internal combustion engines
4183339 January, 1980 Nagaishi et al. 261/DIG.80
Electrostatic fuel atomizing apparatus for internal
combustion engine
4429665 February, 1984 Brown 123/538
Fuel treating device and method
4715325 December, 1987 Walker
Pollution control through fuel treatment
4930483 June, 1990 Jones
Fuel treatment device
4959155 September, 1990 Gomez 210/687
Method for the purification of fluids such as water,
aqueous fluids and fuel fluids
5013450 May, 1991 Gomez 210/687
Method and solid material body for the purification
of fluids such as water, aqueous fluids and liquid
5044347 September, 1991 Ullrich et al.
Device promoting the dispersion of fuel when atomized
5048499 September, 1991 Daywalt
Fuel treatment device
5069190 December, 1991 Richards
Fuel treatment methods, compositions and devices
5092303 March, 1992 Brown
In-line fuel preconditioner
5154153 October, 1992 MacGregor
Fuel treatment device
5167782 December, 1992 Marlow
Method and apparatus for treating fuel
5197446 March, 1993 Daywalt et al.
Vapor pressure enhancer and method
5451273 September, 1995 Howard et al.
Cast alloy article and method of making and fuel filter
5524594 June, 1996 D'Alessandro
Motor fuel performance enhancer
5730109 March, 1998 Nozawa
Exhaust gas purification system in combustion engine
5738692 April, 1998 Wright
In-line catalyst
6000381 December, 1999 Berlin et al. 123/538
The molecular reaction occurs as the fuel flows in direct contact
with, collides with, passes over, and oscillates through a combination
of precious and nonprecious metals and metal alloy knitting mesh
wire spiral coils and screens. The screens are preferably made of
such materials as 304 stainless steel and copper, and are placed in
a cylindrical housing that is preferably made from copper and nickel.
The copper and nickel housing is so described because its principal
alloy components are those metals, but the actual metallurgical
constituency is generally set forth hereinafter. The knitted mesh spiral
coiled wire stands, are compacted and composed of various metals,
base metals and metal alloys as more specifically set forth hereinafter.
cu and al.In another embodiment, a method of creating an electric field
for fuel treatment is accomplished by directing the fuel stream, between
two dissimilar, short-circuited metals such as copper and aluminum.
The electric field effect occurs due to the existence of standard potential
differences between metals. The fuel flows between the two metals such
as copper and aluminum and is treated by the electric field created by the
potential difference of the metal pair. The desirable thin fuel stream and
associated high field treatment within the fuel line could also be located
and created within the inlet section of the fuel injector body itself. ý
TEST RESULTS
There is no shortage of data to support the effectiveness of bimetallic ionization
in dispersal of fuel particles. The following data is from informal tests using my
15 year old Honda gas scooter and 9 yr old KIA diesel jeep.
Each has been on the E.L.V.I.S. since 2006 so we expect there to be cumulative cleaning effects of ionization. This is borne out by their baseline ( E.L.V.I.S.
removed) readings which are above norm by about 100%, a result considered
by the inspector as unprecedented even in new engines. When the E.L.V.I.S.
was reinstalled for the test, a further significant effect on hydrocarbon content
(HC), ie smoke was noted; Carbon monoxide (CO) were also hugely reduced.
This is the summary of tests conducted at my island emission testing station. Land
Transport Office (LTO) 711 Test Center. # R10-2007-01-365. Certificate
061201030760.
Test equipment:
Carbon Monoxide. CO Analyser NDIR
Hydrocarbon Content. HC NDIRHC (as Hexane)
Baseline is a Honda Dream 90cc gas scooter on E.L.V.I.S.since 2006.
We note baseline (E.L.V.I.S. removed) readings like a new engine
due to cumulative cleaning effect of fuel ionization.ý
By passing a conductive fluid [diesel or gasoline] over a series of
dissimilar metals an electrolytic charge is generated in the fuel stream.
This small ionizing (-) charge primarily effects the fuel stream at the
point of atomization (dropletting) at the fuel injector nozzle. An
uncharged fuel droplet within the vapor cloud in the combustion
chamber tends to clump together creating larger droplets with less
surface area of fuel exposed to oxygenation at the instant of
combustion. The negatively charged fuel droplets within the vapor
cloud will now repel each other causing smaller droplet diameters
and a finer mist. That finer mist burns at statistically higher temperatures
than a non-ionized fuel stream and significantly improves combustion
efficiency resulting in less unburned fuel, soot, smoke and particulate.
Reductions in carbon and nitrous based gases are also demonstrated.
The efficiency of fuel ionization was demonstrated at NASA-JPL by
Bellan and Harstad in 1984 and 1998
Electrostatic Dispersion of Fuel Drops To Reduce Soot
A numerical simulation shows that electrostatic
dispersion is superior to mechanical dispersion.
- JPL Labs, Pasadena, California
Electrostatic dispersion of drops of sprayed liquid fuel has been proposed as a technique for reducing the amount of soot formed during burning of the fuel. It is necessary to disperse fuel drops in order to reduce local concentrations of fuel-rich vapors, because such concentrations favor the nucleation of soot. The present technique can be implemented by use of a previously developed device called an “electrostatic triode”; this device puts like electrostatic charges onto sprayed fuel drops to generate dispersion of the drops.
Another technique for reducing the formation of soot is mechanical dispersion through utilization of turbulence. The effectiveness of electrostatic versus mechanical dispersion for reducing the formation of soot has been investigated in a theoretical and computational study.
In the study, the mechanical and thermodynamic interactions between fuel drops and the surrounding gases were simulated numerically by use of a mathematical model similar to the models used in previous studies of sprayed liquid fuels that have been performed by the same innovators and summarized in a number of articles in NASA Tech Briefs. The model includes, among other conservation equations, equations for the momenta of the drops. The electrostatic forces were included in these equations for those drops that were considered to be charged. The calculations for the charged drops were stopped at the Rayleigh limit; that is, secondary atomization was not modeled.
The results of the numerical simulations were interpreted as signifying that electrostatic dispersion would be superi- or to mechanical dispersion for reducing the nucleation of soot; this finding gave rise to speculation that perhaps a combination of electrostatic and mechanical dispersion might be even more effective. However, further numerical simulation revealed that for the purpose of reducing the formation of soot, the combination electrostatic and mechanical dispersion would not offer a significant advantage over electrostatic dispersion alone.
This work was done by Josette Bellan
and Kenneth Harstad of Caltech for
NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
NPO-20219
" ... It has been shown that drop-induced mechanical centrifugation cannot achieve the same benefi-
cial effects as electrostatic dispersion... to reduce soot nucleation while promoting evaporation. ...electrostatic charging is superior to mechanical centrifugation for combined soot nucleation reduction and enhancement of evaporation."
SOME US PATENTS REFERENCED
Electrostatic dispersal of liquids
US Patent 4400332, 2907707 October, 1959 Wintermute 261/1
Gas and liquid contact apparatus
3352545 November, 1967 Denine 261/95
Carburetor construction
3698635 October, 1972 Sickles 239/3
Spray Charging Device
3734474 May, 1973 Olati 261/95
Carburator For Internal Combustion Engines
4034728 July, 1977 Saufferer et al. 123/537
Installation for achieving an air/fuel mixture
4085717 April, 1978 Willman et al. 123/538
Atomization device for internal combustion engines
4183339 January, 1980 Nagaishi et al. 261/DIG.80
Electrostatic fuel atomizing apparatus for internal
combustion engine
4429665 February, 1984 Brown 123/538
Fuel treating device and method
4715325 December, 1987 Walker
Pollution control through fuel treatment
4930483 June, 1990 Jones
Fuel treatment device
4959155 September, 1990 Gomez 210/687
Method for the purification of fluids such as water,
aqueous fluids and fuel fluids
5013450 May, 1991 Gomez 210/687
Method and solid material body for the purification
of fluids such as water, aqueous fluids and liquid
5044347 September, 1991 Ullrich et al.
Device promoting the dispersion of fuel when atomized
5048499 September, 1991 Daywalt
Fuel treatment device
5069190 December, 1991 Richards
Fuel treatment methods, compositions and devices
5092303 March, 1992 Brown
In-line fuel preconditioner
5154153 October, 1992 MacGregor
Fuel treatment device
5167782 December, 1992 Marlow
Method and apparatus for treating fuel
5197446 March, 1993 Daywalt et al.
Vapor pressure enhancer and method
5451273 September, 1995 Howard et al.
Cast alloy article and method of making and fuel filter
5524594 June, 1996 D'Alessandro
Motor fuel performance enhancer
5730109 March, 1998 Nozawa
Exhaust gas purification system in combustion engine
5738692 April, 1998 Wright
In-line catalyst
6000381 December, 1999 Berlin et al. 123/538
The molecular reaction occurs as the fuel flows in direct contact
with, collides with, passes over, and oscillates through a combination
of precious and nonprecious metals and metal alloy knitting mesh
wire spiral coils and screens. The screens are preferably made of
such materials as 304 stainless steel and copper, and are placed in
a cylindrical housing that is preferably made from copper and nickel.
The copper and nickel housing is so described because its principal
alloy components are those metals, but the actual metallurgical
constituency is generally set forth hereinafter. The knitted mesh spiral
coiled wire stands, are compacted and composed of various metals,
base metals and metal alloys as more specifically set forth hereinafter.
cu and al.In another embodiment, a method of creating an electric field
for fuel treatment is accomplished by directing the fuel stream, between
two dissimilar, short-circuited metals such as copper and aluminum.
The electric field effect occurs due to the existence of standard potential
differences between metals. The fuel flows between the two metals such
as copper and aluminum and is treated by the electric field created by the
potential difference of the metal pair. The desirable thin fuel stream and
associated high field treatment within the fuel line could also be located
and created within the inlet section of the fuel injector body itself. ý
TEST RESULTS
There is no shortage of data to support the effectiveness of bimetallic ionization
in dispersal of fuel particles. The following data is from informal tests using my
15 year old Honda gas scooter and 9 yr old KIA diesel jeep.
Each has been on the E.L.V.I.S. since 2006 so we expect there to be cumulative cleaning effects of ionization. This is borne out by their baseline ( E.L.V.I.S.
removed) readings which are above norm by about 100%, a result considered
by the inspector as unprecedented even in new engines. When the E.L.V.I.S.
was reinstalled for the test, a further significant effect on hydrocarbon content
(HC), ie smoke was noted; Carbon monoxide (CO) were also hugely reduced.
This is the summary of tests conducted at my island emission testing station. Land
Transport Office (LTO) 711 Test Center. # R10-2007-01-365. Certificate
061201030760.
Test equipment:
Carbon Monoxide. CO Analyser NDIR
Hydrocarbon Content. HC NDIRHC (as Hexane)
Baseline is a Honda Dream 90cc gas scooter on E.L.V.I.S.since 2006.
We note baseline (E.L.V.I.S. removed) readings like a new engine
due to cumulative cleaning effect of fuel ionization.ý
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