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Drilling Glass

Drilling Glass
I do a lot of glass work of all kinds.  Since I recently acquired a kiln, I have started branching out in some of the work that I do, and some of it has even worked out ok!  But I know from experience that drilling into glass isn't always the easiest thing to do, and I did learn a lot by trial and error.  I personally don't like to have a lot of the "error" part, nor can I afford it..... So I thought I would share my way of drilling into glass that seems to give me good results almost every time. It really isn't too hard, but then if you don't do it right, it can seem impossible!
 
 
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Step 1What you will need:

What you will need:
There are few things you will need to have to get a good clean hole drilled into your glass. Glass can not only be very durable, but it can also be very susceptible to the changes in temperature that occur when a friction (such as a drill bit) is applied to it.
So first off find the glass you want to drill. You can drill in almost any glass there is, but some glass is a little more difficult just because it is harder to keep a steady stream of water applied to the surface friction point.
   
  • SO gather up some glass.... or even a mirror if you want.  This is a great way to add elements into a mirror such as placing your faucets "through" the vanity mirror when they are back mounted, or even adding lighting sconces on top of a mirror and the wires going through it. Just a note on drilling through mirrored glass, make sure you start on the coated side.  You are less likely to knock off the coating or have a "blow out" chipping away more of the mirror surface than you would like to lose if you do this. There are mixtures sold through stained glass supply companies that help to keep the mirrored surface in tact, but they are really more expensive than I want to pay, so I just try to be a little more careful.

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57 comments
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Mar 17, 2012. 12:26 PMdeletha says:
ok im going to start drilling shortly and it does sound as if your way will work.. wish me luck and have great weekend
Apr 24, 2011. 8:03 PMRonyon says:
Excellent content, just what i was looking for.As with the best Intructibles, it has a lot of great info in the comments as well.
Thanks for all the sharing of info!
Feb 25, 2010. 8:00 AMwhiteoakart says:
Would this work the same way with small stones?
Aug 30, 2010. 12:13 AMCaspar says:
As nn3_shay says, use a drill press. I put a length of metal pipe on the handle of mine, just heavy enough to overcome the drill return spring.
Feb 25, 2010. 9:39 AMnn3_shay says:
Yes, though the harder your stone, the longer it will take -- have patience!  A driil press is almost a must for anything harder than glass.
Feb 28, 2010. 9:32 PMsnarke says:
 Coincidentally, I just drilled a 1/8"s hole in a granite bead I made for a friend. Small diameter diamond-coated 'dremel' bit in my rotary tool; with bead clamped in a small vise. I kept a small stream of water pouring over the bead while I held the bit against the stone, and let it grind its way through. 

Worked like a charm. 


Mar 1, 2010. 7:11 AMwhiteoakart says:
Thanks to nn3_shay and snarke.  I will give it a try.  I already have the diamond tip bits.  I have been collecting Lake Michigan beach-polished stones that I would like to use for jewelry and flute making.
Mar 2, 2010. 7:16 PMMayB2Okie says:
Thanks for the education on drilling holes.  Can you share how you make the beautiful glass pieces?  I just got a kiln w/intention of recycling glass into jewelry, but haven't a clue where to begin.
Aug 30, 2010. 12:08 AMCaspar says:
One important thing is to match the expansion of the different types and colors of the glass you use. There are special colored glass rods you can get, with an internal picture (boy, flower,...) but they cost $100+ Experiment with little bits of white, green, brown glass to get the feel. Expect quite a few stress breakages as they cool down, EVEN for small bits. You can make a glass "bimetal" strip by drawing out 2 bits of different (eg pryex and soda) glass. After cooling (only a few sec, if the drawn glass is only a millimetre thick) it will bend with only small temp changes.
May 2, 2010. 8:26 AMbonecholampworks says:
May,
Check this instructable out:

http://www.instructables.com/id/Make-Glass-Beads-From-Broken-Bottles-video/

You can google "lampworking" which is the term used for melting glass & sculpting it, or winding it onto mandrels to create beads.

You can also check out:

http://www.instructables.com/id/Waffle-Iron-Adapted-into-MIni-Kiln...or...The-Bava/

which has annealing schedule information I believe.
(If not, feel free to ask me, I have them)

Good luck, don't burn your fingers!

Aug 30, 2010. 12:00 AMCaspar says:
(1) As well as cooling, water gets into the cracks and weakens the glass, and also stops glass dust getting into your body. (2) I have drilled glass many decades ago by using a 1/4 inch copper tube (as a drill) which had a few saw-cuts in the end. The glass sheet to be cut had a plasticine dam around the "drill" , and water, and Carborundum powder. Pressure on the drill had to be very light because when the drill broke through, the glass could shatter. Took about 10 minutes to drill window glass. (3) The other way is to etch through it using Hydrofluoric acid, which you could get when I was a boy. Not recommended - if spilled, causes skin/bone/eye damage which is not apparent until hours after the splash.
Apr 27, 2010. 8:53 AMelisafaith13 says:
In order to do this ALITTLe easier...ask your DENTIST to save DIAMOND BURS [after they are sterilized!]  for you..they cut faster and cleaner....and even porcelain polishers as well...they use them daily  [they are expensive] but after a few uses..and sterilization...they are tossed!
Mar 15, 2010. 12:13 PMchicphillychick says:
OK, this is coming in late, but if anyone reads this and can help me - THANKS!  I need to drill a 7/8" hole in a Christmas ornament.  Any suggestions as to how to do it??  I've tried a diamond tip drill bit in my dremel - no luck.  Maybe I needed to keep the ornament wet??
Mar 22, 2010. 11:45 AMmoonmyst532 says:
 Wow, great instructions and comments, too. I have a large 5 carat amethyst that I need to drill only partially through. This is a lot of help. Thanks...off to Harbor Freight.
Mar 9, 2010. 8:06 PMkarnold70 says:
I would think that a very price-effective way of circulating the water would be to get one of those 'tabletop fountians' and use that pump. (I found just the pump for 15bucks at a parts surplus store here in MN)
Mar 7, 2010. 7:45 PMsunshiine says:
I absolutely love this!  beautiful!
Feb 25, 2010. 10:03 AMDELETED_Juan Luis says:
(removed by author or community request)
Feb 25, 2010. 7:21 AMnex_otaku says:
When I tried to drill the glass, I've just grab the dremel with diamond drill, and start drilling without any water, then very soon drill smoked and glass broke.

But it seems to me unsufficient just to put bottom of glass in water. Does the glass need to be wet in place where you are drilling?
Feb 25, 2010. 7:21 AMEagleScout2007 says:
Quick tip I just learned. If you put a piece of masking tape double thickness where you want to drill your hole, especially on something smooth, it's easier to control the slipping. No scratches or anything. Just my thoughts.
Love your work and you are so lucky to have a kiln.
Take care and God Bless!!
Feb 25, 2010. 8:51 AMJohn P says:
I have quite often successfully used fine silicon carbide powder /water slurry confined in a circular "Plasticine" dike around a piece of brass tubing in a drill press, to  drill holes in "Pyrex" beakers. File "reverse" teeth on circumferential edge of the brass tubing, sloping away from direction of rotation, so that as you gently raise and lower the rotating brass tubing, the slurry gets caught under the down-sloping edge of the brass and grinds an annular groove through the glass, with outside diameter about same as OD of the brass tubing plus twice grit size of silicon carbide powder used. A very old trick in ancient science manuals!
Feb 25, 2010. 10:30 AMgoddessofchaos says:
 I can add a bit to this lesson.  If you want to drill a larger hole use a piece of copper tubing with the external diameter the size you want.  Anchor it in the drill press and set the glass under it.  Make a small clay "well" just larger than the tubing and add some water and some sand.  Probably the best sand is silica sand for this use.  Raise and lower the drill so there isn't too much heat generated.  The water will keep it relatively cool but it too will heat up if you try to go too fast.  Work it until it is through the glass - voila!  A nice hole!  This same method can be used with drill bits.  Also, when I use diamond dremel bits I use a sponge resting against the bit and just to the side of the part I am carving or drilling.  Sponge keeps the surface wet and is less likely to interact with the electrical part of the drill.,  Happy drilling!
Feb 26, 2010. 4:36 PMhlhenry says:
Depending on the size of the item, I've always placed it in a dish of water.  I've drilled bottles and windows just to see what would happen.

Another option available to you if you have a press is to put a large pan under the item to catch the run off water and use a small pump to squirt water on the drill bit.

Takes practice.  I broke alot of bottles before I got it down.
Feb 25, 2010. 8:51 AMnorsmada says:
I need to drill a small hole in a window pane to pass an antenna wire thru. Any Ideas?
Feb 25, 2010. 9:36 AMnn3_shay says:
Go through the frame if you possibly can, drilling a pane in place is VERY risky-- you're pretty likely to crack it.  Removing the pane to drill it might seem like too much trouble, but it's no more trouble than replacing it after you cracked it.  If you really want to try, a carbide spade bit is easiest to find, but I think a diamond core drill will be less likely to break the window.  Moderate drill speed, gentle pressure, and a wet sponge to cool the bit / contain the dust.
Feb 25, 2010. 9:46 AMcoolcarla says:
Be sure the pane of glass is NOT tempered or it will shatter. Usually there is a little faint insignia on the glass somewhere if it is. Usually. Also, be sure it's only single pane. If you drill through double or triple you'll lose your air seal.
Feb 25, 2010. 9:42 AMcoolcarla says:
Here's a way to keep your drill bit from "skipping" across the surface. Hold, or attach with double-stick tape, or glue  (adhesive caulk, rubber cement, or similar  that you can peel off later)  a thick washer to the glass surface that is slightly bigger than the drill bit. This will "capture" the bit and keep it from wandering off while you're trying to get the hole started. Use this trick for drilling into tile too.
Feb 25, 2010. 9:28 AMnn3_shay says:
Some comments from a lapidary worker, who's also drilled a lot of glass:

1)The glass isn't the only thing you need to keep cool -- diamonds shatter if they get too hot.  It is helpful to do your drilling in a dish deep enough to cover your piece, so that the grinding interface is always kept wet.  This also helps with flooding out the ground glass for more efficient grinding.  And it keeps the dust from becoming airborn -- YOU DO NOT WANT TO BREATHE THIS DUST!  No one wants silicosis!  Even small amounts can be a significant irritant, and once it's in your lungs, it's lodged there.

2) To keep the heat down, do let the drill bit do the work -- use enough pressure to watch clouds of particles drift away from the point of contact, but no where near enough to slow the motor or you'll burn up your diamonds.  And if you can, use a drill press where you can lift the point (or just back off the pressure) every few seconds to let the drill cool and really flush out the hole.

3) Breakout on the back side is a problem, but it can be reduced by setting your piece on something relatively hard, like a slab of stone (slate is pretty easy to find) or scrap glass or a ceramic tile -- you can tell when you're through by a change in color of the particles drifting off.  Even a wood shim will help more than the rags.  If you want to flip over something opaque, you can make a jig with a piece of wood or tile and a small length of wire/tubing the same diameter as your drill bit -- drill a hole in your base, and set the peg in to it so it sticks up as far as your half-way hole, and set it directly under your drill bit; then slide on your piece, slipping the hole on the peg, and your drill bit should be centered over the first half of your hole (this requires adrill press).

4) If you want a hole much more than 1/8" (3mm), certainly by 1/4" (6mm), you are better off with a core drill (a hollow tube with grit on the rim) -- it reduces the amount of material you need to grind away, and therefore the stress (not to mention the time required).  Harbor Freight has these cheap too, in some sizes.  Or you can make your own with a metal tube (copper, brass, soft steel, NOT galvanized) and a slurry of silicon carbide grit and water, held close to the hole with a "dam" of clay (takes a while, but if you can't find a core drill, it'll work).

5) This is the same method used to drill ceramic tile and most stone, but how quickly it will work depends on the hardness of the stone.  Marble is pretty soft, cuts pretty easily; granite is harder than glass, and agate harder yet, so take your time.  Slate can pretty much be drilled with a regular carbide drillbit, but use diamond for anything harder.  The carbide spade bits will work on may of these too, but but I don't know how well.

6) ALWAYS, ALWAYS work wet, don't breathe the dust!
Feb 23, 2010. 5:33 PMreeding says:
 this works really well on bottles. never drill a 40 it will shatter to a million pieces.
Feb 22, 2010. 8:23 AMWyle_E says:
I've drilled glass with a carbide bit that had a long, spearhead-shaped point.  Look for a "Tile & Glass Bit."  I doubt that the more common carbide masonry bits would work.
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