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How to Make Great Fresh Mozzarella Cheese

How to Make Great Fresh Mozzarella Cheese
This has been Revised a little bit because some people have had a little trouble with the original. Even I had a few bad batches. The main differences are the times in the microwave. Follow the instructions carefully and you should end up with an almost 100% foolproof batch of Mozzarella Cheese

If you like fresh home made Mozzarella Cheese then try out this Instructable. If you have never had fresh Mozzarella Cheese, try it out any way. There is a world of difference between the packages stuff you buy in the store and the cheese you make yourself. It will only take a couple hours out of your life but it will be well worth it.

There are a lot of recipes on the internet but a lot of them seem to skip an important step or 2 or don't really explain it well enough, so I have made many batches through trial and error combining things that I have learned and experimented with (so you don't have to) and come up with this recipe that seems to work real good.

There are also a lot of recipes out there saying make Mozzarella Cheese in 30 minutes. Realistically, it ain't gonna happen if you want to do it right. Plan on it taking about an hour and a half to 2 hours. As you make more batches you can cut it down to maybe an hour or so.

I use whole milk for mine but you should be able to use skimmed, 1%, or 2% milk also. If you have access to farm fresh milk your even better off and I'm jealous. You can also use goat, buffalo or camel milk.
 
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Step 1Equipment you will need:

Equipment you will need:
Equipment:
1. At least an 8 quart pot either enameled or stainless steel. (Do not use aluminum, cast iron or other reactive pots)
2. Thermometer. (A candy thermometer will probably work but a good digital thermometer is much better for accuracy.)
3. A couple measuring cups or something to dissolve the Citric Acid and Rennet in.
4. A big strainer to strain the Curds from the Whey.
5. A long sharp knife to cut the Curds up with.
6. A slotted spoon to stir the Curds and dip them out with.
7. Large bowl for the drained off Whey. (Glass is best)
8. Small bowl to put the Curds in. (Glass is best)
9. Microwave

Optional:
10. Nylon netting for draining Curds. (I use this with the strainer. You can get this stuff at most fabric stores. It is just nylon netting. Get the plain white and probably not the colored stuff)
11. Plain white cloth if you want to make Ricotta Cheese with the Whey that is left over.
12. Small strainer to dip out the curds.

Ingredients:
1. 1 gallon Milk. Let the milk set out either in the gallon container or in the pot until it gets to about 50 degrees. (I have only used whole milk, although you can also use 2% or skimmed milk. Do not use ultra-homogenized milk though. If you are lucky enough to get milk fresh from the farm, that's even better)
2. 1 Rennet tablet crushed. (The Rennet tablet is used to coagulate the milk. You can also use liquid Rennet if you can get it. You can get The Rennet tablets at a lot of specialty or smaller stores and it is usually in the pudding aisle or in the Ice Cream section with the chocolate, nuts and stuff. About $2.00)
3. 2 teaspoons Citric Acid divided. 1 teaspoon is dissolved in water and the other one is sprinkled directly into the milk. (The citric acid is what gives the cheese it's stretch. Get it at some health food stores for around $4.00 for 4 ounces or at a pharmacy which can cost $12.00 to $14.00)
4. 1/2 cup water divided in 2. (Do not use chlorinated water. Bottled water is fine.)
5. 1 - 2 teaspoons salt.
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458 comments
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Apr 7, 2012. 1:32 AMLuckyameliza says:
When you are talking about the type of milk, you say "Ultra-homogenized" do you mean "Ultra-Pasteurized"?
May 24, 2012. 11:43 PMgitsot says:
homogenization is a filtration process that leaves the fat evenly distributed in the milk, in the UK it is usually denoted by a red top.
Mar 26, 2012. 12:00 PMbrown114 says:
Tried this for the first time, used raw whole milk. everything seemed to go per the instructions and looked fine. tastes like rubber. What did I do wrong??
Aug 6, 2008. 8:15 PMcory2 says:
I can't get it stretchyyyyy!!! I used lemon juice in place of citric acid I was told that would do the trick but now I am thinking not??? any ideas?
Mar 20, 2012. 10:26 AMStep3 says:
lemon juice works fine from my experience... I think it is all about getting the cheese to the right temperature...
Jan 24, 2010. 7:01 PMTizy says:
Hi Mike. I tried today for the first time and all was going well...till I got to the microwave part...my microwave is 1300 watts, so I thought to put it in for  less time. You were also saying that is better to do short cycles that one too long. So, I startedwith cycles of 10 seconds at the time. I had a few of those, maybe tre, for step 13, squeezing the whey out each time, then for step 15 I kept duing 10 seconds cycles, starting to make it in a bowl...then I noticed that the more i put it in the microwave the mushier it was getting...I kept trying, and still it got mushier and more like ricotta...so after a while I stopped. What did I do wrong?
My microwave is one those old ones, without the turnable dish...so I thought that could be the cause...maybe it doesn't it evenly? I am going to try again, and maybe I will try your timing? It does taste good! It tastes like mozzarella...but it looks like ricotta :(...total failure!
Mar 20, 2012. 10:24 AMStep3 says:
The same thing happened to me the first time that I tried... It was the store bought milk that I was using that caused the problem. I think it has something to do with pasteurization at too high a temperature. You might want to add calcium chloride to the milk to strengthen the curds. I am by no means a cheese expert so please seek a second opinion.
Jan 24, 2010. 7:09 PMTizy says:
I also wanted to add that I used unhomogenized milk...could that be also why it didn't turn out well?
Mar 4, 2012. 5:03 PMmichael.griffith says:
I tried this recipe using raw milk a friend of mine got from the creamery. I had liquid rennet and was unsure how much to use, so I used 14 drops (twice what I thought I should need) in 1/4 cup of water. I never got a clean break, and it looks like i have much more whey than in the pictures. Is it because I used too little rennet, or because using raw milk is different? I am proceeding to the drain step, there does look like some whispy curd like stuff -- not like cheese. Any comments would be appreciated.
Mar 20, 2012. 10:17 AMStep3 says:
It could be that you did not let it set for long enough. With liquid rennet, you generally need 1/4 of a teaspoon for 1 gallon of milk.
Mar 5, 2012. 6:12 AMmichael.griffith says:
I completed the process and ended up with 11.5 oz of Mozzarella cheese. Picture attached. My cheese never looked quite as firm during the first part of the process and when I drained the curds they setup quite firmly. After going through the last two steps of shaping the cheese, I put it in the refrigerator with a little of the milky whey. This AM its hard as a baseball. I am wondering what I might have done differently to make the cheese less hard and rubbery.

Also, I followed the Ricotta cheese recipe which seemed like a no brainer, but I basically ended up with a cloth that looked like a calf sneezed in it.
Apr 29, 2012. 2:26 PMThoth says:
Refrigerating the cheese is what caused it to turn rubbery. Soaking it in warm salted milk for an hour or so would help bring it back.

http://www.seriouseats.com/2012/04/the-food-lab-can-you-rescue-poorly-stored-mozzarella-cheese-refrigerate-or-no.html
Mar 13, 2012. 5:03 PMCupkake says:
Great guide! This helped me successfully make mozzarella cheese on my first attempt and it is delicious! After adding the rennet my cheese didn't separate like it was supposed to, it just formed these little particles that sank to the bottom of the pot. I had to separate the solids from the whey using cheesecloth. It also didn't stretch right until I microwaved it a whole lot more than this guide describes. It got too hot to knead with my hand so I used a spoon. I think I basically melted it all, but whatever, it worked. I also squeezed more whey out with the cheesecloth in between microwave sessions which helped it start to stick together better. Next time I'll just use the 1 tsp of salt because the full 2 was too much for my taste. And lastly if you let it set out too long before wrapping it up it will get dry on the outside. Maybe my experience will help another newbie cheesemaker. Thanks again for the great guide!
Feb 29, 2012. 8:59 AMsavhomebrew says:
you can get citric acid at a home brew shop. have a shop my self and sell a lb for 8 dollars
Oct 25, 2010. 1:39 PMmlardie says:
I make cheese for a living, and this is a pretty good recipe for homemade mozzarella! Here's a tip for those of you who are having trouble with your microwaves - let your curd sit overnight in a covered bowl in the fridge. The next day drain off any whey that has accumulated and cut your curd into approximately 1/2 inch cubes. Boil a pot of salted water (10oz salt to one gallon of water), place the curds into a fresh bowl, and pour the boiling water over. Let the curds sit for a few minutes, and then stretch into a ball (its hot, but your hands get used to it). Taste for saltiness and adjust the water accordingly. This is how we do it in the cheese kitchen every week!
Aug 15, 2011. 12:37 PMbeanco says:
cool, I was just wondering how to do this without a microwave.. I just do not like using them..... thanks..

rob
Feb 28, 2012. 10:18 AMEarle.D says:
Ya, so was I - took long enough-everone got into politics and water
Jan 23, 2011. 8:25 AMthomas9666 says:
Could you not also use the whey instead of water?
May 17, 2011. 5:06 PMiberger says:
The problem with adding whey back in is that they whey is acidic and will change the flavour of the cheese. You also need salt to preserve the cheese (although with mozzarella, it usually doesn't last that long to matter much). By all means, you could use whey to add moisture, but keep in mind that it won't have the clean flavour that mozzarella usually does. Experimentation can be exciting, though. (:
Feb 23, 2012. 1:02 PMpfreemanevans says:
I tried to made this recipe and it never got out to the ricotta stage. It was separated well once it curdled. But it never held together to get stretchy. What I do wrong????
Feb 9, 2012. 1:56 PMAk_Airmid says:
Is there anyway to make this homemade mozzarella without a microwave? I haven't had one for years and don't intend to get another one but I would really like to try my hand at homemade cheese.
Feb 7, 2012. 7:37 AMsharangoyal says:
Hey man, I tried your recipe to a "T" but as it turns out, I tried to make mozzarella five or six times, and every time it came out as cottage cheese.

Till the part where you cut the curds and cook them, it looked exactly like the pictures you've uploaded. But when it came to the stretching part, the cheese just crumbled and fell apart.

Even on microwaving or dropping in hot water, the cheese did not melt.

Can you please help me out?
Aug 26, 2010. 6:46 PMmrwolfe says:
You're kidding, right? UN chlorinated water? The only place you can get unchlorinated water, apart from a rainwater tank, is from a pump in a third world country, or from a laboratory de-ioniser. The water supplies in all western countries are chlorinated to kill bacteria. If it weren't so the incidence of typhoid, dysentery and cholera would be as bad as they were 200 years ago. Are you talking about clean tap water, or are you using some special de-ionised water for your cheese?
Feb 6, 2012. 12:36 PMmitch006 says:
MrWolfe,
You are incorrect. I live in the mid west and still have well water to one of my outdoor spickets. Well water is VERY common in the US.
Jan 23, 2012. 10:08 AMrbessey says:
sir we here in Idaho enjoy fresh well water that is without chlorine or any other chemicals placed in it. We enjoy artesian wells that don't even require a pump.
Perhaps you should get out more. LOL
Jan 20, 2012. 4:10 PMjkane21 says:
haha. you sir have to get out and travel more. Where I live in Canada, we have fresh water springs everywhere. Natural underground springs, defiantly not full of typhoid, dysentery and cholera. This is an AMAZING recipe. mmmmmmmm
Nov 1, 2011. 1:00 PMirunamuk says:
Um, anyone who has a well has "UN chlorinated" water. Or you could let water sit out overnight and the chlorine will evaporate.
Apr 19, 2012. 9:13 PManode505 says:
Not so much these days. Water companies are using chloromide (or something like that) and it doesn't evap off (thats why they use it, the can use less and it lasts) An activated charcoal filter will remove the uglies
Sep 20, 2011. 8:16 PMbgeddes says:
Many, many folks here in the good 'ole US of A enjoy fresh clean unprocessed water from a well. They bottle water from the same vein as my well and send it to city folks. No chlorine is added, or necessary.

Aug 26, 2011. 8:27 AMybreiden says:
You can let you water sit out, uncovered over night and most of the chlorine will escape.
May 23, 2011. 1:21 PMbstapler says:
You can also use distilled water. This type of water has nothing added to it at all. Most of the time it's made by a process of reverse osmosis, this way it insures that there aren't any additives or chemicals in it.
May 10, 2011. 9:46 AMTommyDG says:
If you use a simple Activated charcoal filter, it will remove the Chlorine.
Apr 30, 2011. 6:56 PMMMMMary says:
I just went to a cheese making class today and they also said not to use chlorinated water. You can boil it for 15-20 minutes or use bottled water...
Feb 16, 2011. 5:51 PMwww.microbike.ie says:
There is no chlorine in tap water in here in Dublin, Ireland, Since we have free water, and everyone says we should not drink it unless boiled first ....We have been drinking it for a past 6 years and I cannot recall when I got cholera last time :-DD. On the other hand, quick tip: Tap a jug of chlorinated water and set it aside for a few hours the chlorine will evaporate on opened air..that is natural reaction that occur and you end up with clean better tasting water that you can use for cheese on the other hand I recall that distilled water should not be drunk since there is higher risk of Water intoxication even with smaller amounts, since distiled water has no minerals or better salts(sodium and other electrolytes) and thus I'm not sure if is it safe in cheese or any other food.

"Water intoxication, also known as hyper-hydration, water poisoning, or overhydration, is a potentially fatal disturbance in brain functions that results when the normal balance of electrolytes in the body is pushed outside of safe limits by over-consumption of water."
May 23, 2011. 1:23 PMbstapler says:
I forgot about just letting the tap water sit for 24 hours, that is a good idea. It's the same concept for when adding water to the fish tank.
May 27, 2011. 7:18 PMCGreene1607 says:
This is true for chlorine, but most water systems in the US do not use chlorine anymore; they use chloramine (a bond of chlorine and ammonia). Chloramine does not evaporate out of water.



De-chlorinating chemicals available at pet stores will break the bond, allowing the resulting chlorine and ammonia to dissipate, but of course I doubt you want to make cheese with water treated with a de-chlorinating agent.



You could always call the water agency and ask which they use, but the safe bet is that they've switched to chloramine. Spend the $1.50 on a 20 oz bottle of water to get your half cup.

May 10, 2011. 9:50 AMTommyDG says:
Sunlight and heat also will deplete Chlorine.
You're correct about the distilled water removing all those things, but once left open, bacteria , etc. can cotaminate the water. Same with boiled water or water run through activated charcoal. Without residual chlorine, the water will not stay clean in open air for long periods.
Oct 26, 2010. 3:55 AMjlausen says:
Mr. Wolfe,

it is apparent you don't know our great country. All rural areas, aka - farm land, have well pumps and are not on chlorinated water systems. The water that comes from my faucet is unchlorinated and has been for the 12 years that I have owned my house. I live in a rural area that is surrounded by small towns that have municipal chlorinated system but it is cost prohibitive to bring town water all the way out to the farms and communities surrounded by the farms. Oh and we have a septic tank too....
Nov 2, 2011. 5:26 PMtjohnson51 says:
I so agree with you jlausen, I live in a very rural area of Florida and it is nothing but farm lands here. I have a well and the water comes straight in from the Aquifer. I would love to see the USA try to chlorinate the whole USA underground water Aquifer. My water is a nice sweet and cold tasting water with no additives.

Anyways, I can't wait to try this recipe out, it sounds great and I have made it years before. Just took a quick look up to remember how to. Beware though, this will wear out your hands in making the Balls of cheese, but well worth the sacrifice.

Blessings,
Tea
Sep 11, 2010. 12:12 PMokff2 says:
ever heard of bottled water?
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