How to Make Kimchi / Kim Chee

How to Make Kimchi / Kim Chee
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My father was stationed in Korea once upon a time and brought home a taste for Kimchi / Kim Chee.
My mother did make it a few times but from her description it sounded very complicated, and something no one should try without first getting a certification in Kim Chee Preparedness.
So when I no longer lived close to an Asian Market with gallon jars of it for a decent price, I learned either to do without, or pay $5 for a tiny little jar that would last me a week if I resisted the urge to eat it daily.

Then I got the book "Wild Fermentation" by Sandor Ellix Katz, and have been making delicious Kimchi easily, ever since.
 
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Step 1Assemble tools and ingredients

Assemble tools and ingredients
At its most basic, kimchee is chinese cabbage (can use napa, pac choi, or any chinese cabbage) fermented with garlic, pepper, salt, and ginger. Other ingredients such as daikon (or other radish), carrot, scallion / green onion or other onion, fish (in the form of dried crumbled fish, fish broth or fish sauce, or Hondashi fish broth powder), and even seaweed, are commonly used depending on preference.

Here I show Kosher Salt, scallions, daikon, fresh ginger, hondashi powder, dried pepper flakes specifically for making kimchee, fresh garlic, carrot, and a very large head of pac choi /bok choy.

You will also need a sharp knife, a large nonreactive mixing bowl, a smaller nonreactive mixing bowl, and glass or stoneware jars or crocks to hold the finished product.

You will need anywhere from several hours, to overnight, to soak the fresh chopped veggies in salt solution, and then anywhere from 5 days to 2 weeks to ferment your kimchee depending on how warm the room is, how much salt to vegetables, and whether you had leftover kimchee "juice" to jump-start the fermentation with.

For those who want measured quantities either to follow, or to get a ballpark idea of what the proportions are:

For roughly two quart jars:

2 lbs chinese cabbage
1 whole daikon radish or several red radishes
1 to 2 carrots
onions and/or leeks, bunch of scallions, or shallots... as many or few as you like.
6-8 cloves of garlic, or as many as you like... your love of garlic is the only limiting factor
5-6 tablespoons of grated ginger, or grate up a 4 inch piece... again, more to taste if you like it especially
Seaweed if you like, but I didn't use it in this recipe
3 tsp. hondashi japanese fish broth powder ( or a handful of dried bonito, crumbled)

Brine will be 4 cups of water to 4 tablespoons of salt. If this isn't enough to cover the fresh veggies, then double the brine recipe.


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139 comments
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May 12, 2010. 8:37 PMgweedoh! says:
Thanks for the instructable! I just started my first batch tonite, I was sick of the msg laden jars I found in stores. I'm adding a bit of honey to my spice paste to try and re-create a sweet/spicy kimchee I just had recently, I hope it works! I usually make quick shoyu pickles, so this will be a nice change up, and kimchee soup is one of my favorites....
Oct 31, 2011. 2:30 AMflio191 says:
Hey folks, just so you know, there's nothing wrong with MSG. The "problems" with msg weren't around until it blew it up into something as "what's wrong" with chinese food in 1969. Since then, there have been rigorously controlled experiments with inconclusive evidence against MSG. There was only one person who described reacting to it, and was due to a placebo of previously believing that they were MSG reactant.

But I'm not saying that large amounts aren't bad for you. It's still a sodium salt of glutamic acid, and these salts among many salts are found to indirectly cause obesity (but I think there's obvious social reasons behind this). Glutamic acid though, is found in most cheeses, soy sauce, grape juice, peas, tomatoes, etc.

Anyway, I don't think a little ajinomoto or hondashi is going to hurt ya.
Jan 16, 2012. 7:23 PMbcnu147 says:
Check out videos on MSG, Aspartame, Fluoride and Vaccinations on YouTube:

Dr. Russell L. Blaylock -- Excitotoxins [MSG, Aspartame]

Dr. Blaylock on Fluoride, Aspartame, MSG and Vaccinations (1)

Dr. Russell Blaylock M.D. is a retired neurosurgeon and author whose trailblazing research has tirelessly documented the fact that there is an epidemic of neurological disorders in the western world which are directly connected to toxins in our environment, and how this relates to the larger global eugenics program behind population reduction. In this fascinating interview, Blaylock reveals how depopulation programs forged by the Rockefeller foundation in association with the Nazis were the basis of modern day incarnations of eugenics like fluoride poisoning and vaccinations.

Disillusionment is a positive thing!
Oct 31, 2011. 1:25 AMGary Viveiros says:
The Filipinos and Asians all use fish sauce that you coud use a couple of teaspoons of. The Chines use shrimp paste called Harm-ha, the Filipinos use either Patis or Bagoong (bah'-gah-ong'). I don't know what the Thai or others use, but it is all fermented and refined for bottling, very salty, and a little goes a long way. One thing missing in the ingredients is understanding, open-minded relatives who won't open the refrigerator door and say something like "Whew, what in the heck died in here!"
Mar 10, 2011. 6:45 PMdstone-1 says:
I think I might try anchovies in a batch. they shouldn't have any mercury.
Jun 17, 2010. 8:17 PMgweedoh! says:
oh yeah, I realized that one a while ago. I just rocked it without. I may try sardines some time tho. and for future reference, dont use togarashi if thats all you have, it makes really weird kim chee...I got a big bag of powdered peppers yesterday and i'm going for another round. thanks!
Jun 17, 2010. 9:12 PMgweedoh! says:

I had to add this. I play with my food a lot...
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Nov 9, 2011. 2:18 PMyhan2 says:
It's Korean salt! It's the most important to make kimchi!
Jan 16, 2012. 7:19 PMbcnu147 says:
For Flio 191 -
Check out videos on YouTube about MSG, Fluoride and Aspartame which are all brain toxins!

Dr. Russell L. Blaylock, Exitotoxins on Fluoride, Aspartame, MSG and Vaccinations

Aspartame, MSG, Dumbing Down Society

Disillusionment is mostly a positive thing.
Nov 9, 2011. 2:15 PMyhan2 says:
It's amazing! I don't know you, but i know that you can eat Kimchi! It's amazing to me! Because I'm Korean. and actually, i love kimchi, too. Because of you, i could explain how to make kimchi to my friend who use English, thank you for making Kimchi.:D
Sep 25, 2011. 10:48 AMmprout says:
(removed by author or community request)
Oct 12, 2011. 12:53 PMjoel.r.bradley says:
I'm an active homebrewer, and would never use wild yeast for my beer, but, kimchi is fermented with Lactic acid bacteria not yeast. Part of brining it with salt has to do with creating an environment that gives the good bugs a head start. It's hospitable to the bacteria that preserve the veggies by converting sugar into acid, and that acid is inhospitable to bugs that rot and putrefy. Your confusing yeast fermentation (that makes alcohol) with Lactic Acid Fermentation (that makes acid/vinegar). While the specific flavors that yeast fermentation can really come through with wine/beer (requiring care with yeast selection and sanitation), the flavors in the food, and the flavor of the acid will make the selection of specific strains of bacteria unnecessary. The stuff floating around in the air will do just fine.
Sep 28, 2011. 2:57 PMmpage8 says:
I can't seem to find where it says how much of the brine to add to the jar with the mixture?
Sep 14, 2011. 7:17 PMT Bomber says:
My father worked on oil tankers when I was a kid,frequently with korean crews,and developed a taste for it.Eventually.he learned to make it and it wasn't unusual to see a big 5 gallon crock festering away in the corner of the basement.Been a huge fan ever since.I've tried to make it a couple of times but it just never came out right.Guess I'll try again,even though I live near a huge asian market that sells it in 1/2 gal batches.Kudos
Jun 30, 2011. 6:17 PMrosewood513 says:
Sandor is wonderful when it comes to fermenting vegetables. I am gettin ghis book to learn more I make sauerkraut, and fermented veggies, much like kimchi
Thanks
Nov 22, 2010. 1:52 AMcalicos says:
Here's probably a new one for you - I've wanted to try to make this since I first heard it mentioned in an episode of M*A*S*H (late '70's-early '80's)! Tasted it a few years ago, loved it but hadn't had it since. Then, about 2 weeks ago, the hubby hears about it on t.v. tells me about and wants me to make it. I didn't search this instructible, I found it while looking for something else! So thank you very much! If I start right away, I wonder if I can get some ready by Christmas??? Also, I'm just curious, did you ever find out if Tedinski, one of your first commenters, if his/her batch ever turned out? Again, thanks for this great instructible!
May 8, 2011. 5:27 PMTedinski says:
Hi calicos!

OK... I'm a little late on my reply, but yep, things eventually worked out great.
I've since learned that small batches tend to start quickly. Why? I do not know! Whenever I ferment in the bucket it takes quite a while to start. The fermentation "lock" (usually used for brewing beer) starts to bubble after a week or so. That first batch did not ever really start, but subsequent batches have been delicious.
I've also learned that I don't need to stay too close to the recipes I've found. Basically, I like cabbage and little carrot sticks. I buy the pre-cut carrot matchsticks for ease. Sometimes cucumber, sometimes celery, anything goes, but ALWAYS garlic. :D
I also use regular hot pepper flakes now. much simpler to find, and I like the flavor and spiciness. A little bit of dark sesame oil goes a long way and adds a wonderful flavor.
how have your Kimchi experiments worked out? I'd love to hear back.

--Tedinski
May 31, 2011. 8:11 PMlaguilar2 says:
yours is the most recent post i see here. i am just starting to read about this since I am tired of paying 8 bucks for a 14 oz jar at the farmer's market. have you found any good recipes online. thanks appreciate the help
Jun 1, 2011. 2:58 PMTedinski says:
Hello laguilar2!

There are a bunch of recipes for Kimchi on the web. Try the one at the top of the page here, create your own, or try http://www.treelight.com/health/nutrition/UltimateKimchi.html and see you like it. Like I mentioned above, I find that it's not nearly as important to stick to a recipe as I originally worried it would be. I used to measure, check, mix & mix some more, etc. etc. Now I tend to make Kimchi out of whatever happens to be in the fridge! Cabbage is pretty much a "must" in my opinion, but do NOT worry too much!

Have fun, and let us all know how your first batch turns out!

--Tedinski
Jun 7, 2011. 7:43 AMcalicos says:
Thank you for your responses! Your timing is great now that I'm busy planning and planting my garden - there will be multiple cabbage plants, that's for sure! Thanks again and I'll write back with my success (or failure...) when I finish my first batch!
Mar 10, 2011. 6:41 PMdstone-1 says:
I've made several batches of kim-chi from a similar recipe and it's always great (better than any I've bought in a store). It uses half the salt, 1 Tbs per pint of water and seems to work fine. I've never tried any fish nor other base than napa cabbage. my next batch is gonna have bonito and bok-choi. sounds delicious!!
Mar 8, 2011. 1:48 PMkeithmanbrown says:
i just completed this. i didnt know how much chili to put in. i used red radish and yellow onion because whole foods didnt have anything!!!! we'll see....
Mar 10, 2011. 6:32 PMdstone-1 says:
from "The Joy of Pickling" I learned that cayenne mixed with sweet paprika 1:1 (a Tbs of each) makes a good substitute for Korean chili in kim-chi. I've made several batches this way and think it's perfect
Jan 30, 2011. 3:13 PMarrowfire says:
Thanks so much for this, I just started the fermentation of my first ever batch. I followed your directions exactly but added more garlic as I love garlic. Also I decided to Grade all of mine as I dont like Chunky. I also rinsed the veggies as it was a litte to salty for me. And thanks for the tip for weighting it down, I used a plastic bag filled with the brine to weigh it down.
IMG_0545.JPG
Jan 20, 2010. 8:02 AMTedinski says:
So...  I've made a large batch of Kimchi, and saved a bit out in jars (the fresh stuff is great!).  I used a large bucket with a fermentation lock...  hopefully keeping out the O2 will help with consistency!

Unfortunately, the large batch seems to be "stuck".   It's been in 70F temps for over 48 hours, and not a single bubble!

Any tips?
Jan 21, 2010. 4:21 AMTedinski says:
I've opened the bucket [negating the effects of a fermentation lock! ;P] and tasted the kimchee.  It tastes good.  Not too salty, but salty enough.

I think you're right about the large batch, and perhaps I should just give it a bit of time.  apparently, some sources say fermentation won't start for up to a week! 

The fermentation lock is supposed to stop molds from growing.  Once the kimchi starts to "work", the gasses are trapped in the bucket, and the whole thing becomes anaerobic... so, no goo!

On MANY people's recommendations (here and elsewhere) I bought a copy of Sandor's book.  Kindle is handy when you wish to read.   ;)

Thanks so much for your quick reply.   I'll report back w/ info on success, or failure.  (failures are such useful learning tools!)

Tedinski
Jan 28, 2010. 4:24 PMTedinski says:
Well folks, it's been almost two weeks now, and still no bubbles from the fermentation lock...

I opened up the kimchi expecting the worst -- horrible smells & rotting veggies!  Imagine my surprise when it smelled quite good, and looks about the same as when I put it all in the bucket.  Very odd!

The house changes temperatures a fair bit because I heat with wood, but its never dropped below 60, and usually (80%of the time) it's around 70 to 75.

Is there such a thing as inorganic non-fermentable cabbage?  Perhaps I've found a supplier of everlasting, never-spoiling foodstuffs!  :D

So, I ask again...  has anyone on this forum run into this before?  It's really NOT too salty, and the bucket was washed out with non-chlorinated water (my water is supplied by a spring...  very clean and NO chemicals).

Is there something I can add to help start the ferment?   Perhaps some whey?   I've read on other forums that whey is great for getting kimchi started, but then again I've read that you should "never use whey" because it messes up the flavors.

Totally confuddled,
Tedinski
Dec 19, 2010. 1:44 PMmenahunie says:
You don't see bubbles. From my own experience with "Kim-Chee" when first made and depends on taste it sits at room temperature - not winter temperature.
It has to be warm not cold in the room or the fermentation process will take weeks. 70 degrees or better. DO NOT SEAL IT IN A JAR; it will explode from the pressure. This is why you see massive Kim-Chee production in the spring and summer in Korea.
Also when you "Brine" the cabbage you will see an incredible shrinking of it.
Using the "soup" mix for your fish sauce adds allot more salt to the Kim-chee.
At any Asian Market Chinese ask for fish sauce in a bottle. Be careful about using too much or if will be very "fishy"..
There also should be plenty "Korean" markets in any city and you can get Kim-Chee powder by the pound.
If you use allot of salt the Kim-chee will become rubbery quickly; you can use less for a more crunchy texture and less salt.
Kim-chee will change taste; it will become "sour"; it isn't spoiled just really sour. You them can use it as 'Kim-Chee Chi-gae" kim-Chee soup.
Put it into a post boil it; add goodies like rice cake. "You have to soak it first and also add a meat of you want or Mandoo to it.
Remember this; you can not sneak eat this stuff. When you open the reefer the whole neighbor hood will know and if you are going to work same thing. We here have a saying called - KimChee Breath. If you are going on a date; DON'T EAT IT, unless she has too LoL...
Jul 11, 2010. 9:45 AMleste says:
did you brine your cabbage properly? salting the cabbage is very important... even u have the best list of ingredients but you did'nt brine your cabbage properly your effort in making kimchi is useless... your cabbage will not get ferments and will easily get spoiled... Each family’s kimchi has its own unique flavor, but the basic process is to salt the vegetable, firming it up by extracting its liquid, locking in the original flavor. You are going to pickle them with salt because you want to get as much liquid out from the cabbage as possible so cabbage should be limp and not crunchy before u rinse it... But don't worry, after you mixed it with the kimchi paste the cabbage will be crunchy as it gets ferments...
Jun 17, 2010. 8:27 PMgweedoh! says:
I've never had this problem, but I wonder of your issue is that your not pressing the vegetables? This and a lot of other pickling recipes are dependent on the pressure to make it work. I don't really know why or what all the pressing does except force the salt into the vegetables and press out their juice? have'nt a clue, but that might be your problem. if this was a vinegar brined the fermentation bucket would probably work.
Jun 29, 2010. 11:06 AMmathyookeem says:
as a korean lemme tell you that once the kimchee starts to get a little sour and tangy and completely translucent, its the best time to make some kimchee jjigae. (kimchee stew) as a side note, SPAM is IMHO by far the best meat to use for making kimchee jjigae. absolutely delicious.
Jan 28, 2010. 9:59 AMymchi says:
Kudos to ALL of you for attempting to make this labor-intensive staple that even some Koreans shy away from making (myself included). For great (and entertaining--you'll see) video instructions on korean cooking (which includes kimchi), check out: www.maangchi.com

Sep 7, 2009. 10:17 AMlegendofmatt says:
Cucumbers are also amazing in this solution! I have had a different version of Korean Fermented Veggies. They use a combo of Miso and some thick slices of cucumbers and it comes out tasting so good! I will have to find a link and post it later. if you know of one please let me know! Asian Cuisine ROCKS!
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