How to Make Kimchi / Kim Chee

 by megmaine
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Step 5: Mix and stuff

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Drain the brine from the vegetables (reserving in case you need it later), and taste. They should taste nice and salty, but not so salty that you wouldn't want to eat it. If it is so salty that it is very unpleasant rinse a little. If it doesn't taste good and salty, add a little salt. I know this is very subjective, but usually the brine proportion works and doesn't require tweaking. But in case, you should know that tweaking is ok.

Mix the vegetables with the ginger-chili-onion-garlic paste. Mix thoroughly, then stuff into jars. I find two quart-sized mason jars are just about right, but you can also use more pint jars, or a single larger crock or jar. Pack it tightly, and put something on top to weight it down. This can be a slender glass tumbler, a ziplock bag filled with water or brine, a nice clean smooth rock that fits inside the jar, etc. And actually, I have made perfectly edible kimchee without weighting it down, just by packing very tightly in the jars and pushing the contents down firmly each day while fermenting. It's better if it is weighted though, which is why traditional pickling crocks were so handy. A small bowl-shaped Chinese or Japanese teacup pressed down on the mixture in the jar is something I have used from time to time.

Cover to keep out dust and flies (I like the plastic screw-on Mason jar caps because they are nonreactive and easy). Set on a tray to catch any juice that may come up and over the top of the jar while fermenting. You can ferment this on your kitchen counter, smelling and tasting it daily until it tastes like Kimchee and then refrigerate, or you can put it in a cool basement to ferment more slowly and develop more complex flavors.

Generally it is ready when the cabbage and daikon are somewhat translucent and softened, but you can start eating it any time, dependent on your taste. Usually when it smells right, it tastes right. If it is left in the refrigerator long enough to smell sweet or alcoholic, it has gone bad. We never have that problem though, because it is too delicious
 
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jlh357 says: Jun 23, 2012. 9:03 AM
This question is about the fermentation part, do you not tighten down the lids of the jars, or do you open ferment by leaving the lids loose?

Thanks,
jlh357
keithmanbrown says: Mar 8, 2011. 1:48 PM
i just completed this. i didnt know how much chili to put in. i used red radish and yellow onion because whole foods didnt have anything!!!! we'll see....
dstone-1 in reply to keithmanbrownMar 10, 2011. 6:32 PM
from "The Joy of Pickling" I learned that cayenne mixed with sweet paprika 1:1 (a Tbs of each) makes a good substitute for Korean chili in kim-chi. I've made several batches this way and think it's perfect
jlh357 in reply to dstone-1Jun 21, 2012. 4:33 PM
Hello,
Do you use a half cup of your cayenne and sweet paprika mix to this recipie?

I just made my first batch and used some red pepper flakes I had in the house. It's looking great so far and is fermenting very hard.

dstone-1 in reply to jlh357Jun 21, 2012. 5:39 PM
not a half cup, just 2 tablespoons..a half cup would be VERY spicy
jlh357 in reply to dstone-1Jun 22, 2012. 5:10 AM
Thank you so much, I was putting together another batch as the first is
turning out great.
This is the best recipie I've come across and it's a great one. I will let you konw how I do with the cayenne and sweet paprika.

Thanks again.
arrowfire says: Jan 30, 2011. 3:13 PM
Thanks so much for this, I just started the fermentation of my first ever batch. I followed your directions exactly but added more garlic as I love garlic. Also I decided to Grade all of mine as I dont like Chunky. I also rinsed the veggies as it was a litte to salty for me. And thanks for the tip for weighting it down, I used a plastic bag filled with the brine to weigh it down.
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megmaine (author) in reply to arrowfireMar 15, 2012. 8:41 PM
That looks so good!
gweedoh! says: May 12, 2010. 8:37 PM
Thanks for the instructable! I just started my first batch tonite, I was sick of the msg laden jars I found in stores. I'm adding a bit of honey to my spice paste to try and re-create a sweet/spicy kimchee I just had recently, I hope it works! I usually make quick shoyu pickles, so this will be a nice change up, and kimchee soup is one of my favorites....
megmaine (author) in reply to gweedoh!Mar 5, 2012. 7:58 PM
My pleasure! I hope you'll share a picture when it's ready!
I also love kimchee soup, as do my kids.
megmaine (author) in reply to gweedoh!Jun 4, 2010. 7:56 AM
One thing I hadn't realized when I wrote this, was that Hondashi powder, a very popular brand of Bonito broth in Japan, has MSG. Kombu/kelp is the seaweed from which the flavor-enhancing properties of MSG were discovered, but supposedly, using kelp is healthy, whereas using MSG is not. Crumbled dried bonito avoids the added MSG, but also adds methyl mercury and other toxins, as apparently Bonito are just small tuna, and are high in mercury. Therefore, much I love the taste of bonito and Hondashi, I will be using neither from now on, and just including taste kelp in my kimchi, to avoid the problems with MSG as well as additional mercury. Sardines are low in mercury comparatively, so I might try adding sardines, or trying to find dried sardines, to use in place of bonito, at some point. Just worth noting!
flio191 in reply to megmaineOct 31, 2011. 2:30 AM
Hey folks, just so you know, there's nothing wrong with MSG. The "problems" with msg weren't around until it blew it up into something as "what's wrong" with chinese food in 1969. Since then, there have been rigorously controlled experiments with inconclusive evidence against MSG. There was only one person who described reacting to it, and was due to a placebo of previously believing that they were MSG reactant.

But I'm not saying that large amounts aren't bad for you. It's still a sodium salt of glutamic acid, and these salts among many salts are found to indirectly cause obesity (but I think there's obvious social reasons behind this). Glutamic acid though, is found in most cheeses, soy sauce, grape juice, peas, tomatoes, etc.

Anyway, I don't think a little ajinomoto or hondashi is going to hurt ya.
tussockgal in reply to flio191Jun 17, 2012. 1:50 AM
Obviously you are not intolerant or allergic to MSG and I'm happy for you. However, I get raging, blinding, debilitating migraines from ingesting added MSG, and it took a while to discover what the cause/s was/were without having any preconceived notions about MSG or any other substance. BTW, aspartame has the same effect on me. It's easy to find "scientific" studies to back any standpoint, but genuine suffers know what they know, anecdotal or not. The MSG that occurs - in miniscule amounts - naturally in some foods is not the problem.
flio191 in reply to tussockgalJun 17, 2012. 6:10 PM
Fair enough. I'm not saying nobody's reactant to it, but I know there's a whole lot of people who think that MSG-free or gluten-free is for them just because they think it's somehow healthier, not necessarily because they're actually reactive to those things.
tussockgal in reply to flio191Jun 25, 2012. 1:59 AM
I agree on that score. gluten-free has become fashionable.
Clive5 in reply to flio191Feb 16, 2012. 3:52 PM
Years ago, before it was widely reported that MSG can be harmful, I had persistent pains in my side. The doctor kept suggesting more tests, which I couldn't afford. I soon ran out of MSG, which I used quite frequently, and noticed that the pain went away. To this day, when I feel that same pain come back, I can trace it back to some food I inadvertently ate that contains MSG. I suppose each person's system is different, but I just cannot tolerate MSG.
bcnu147 in reply to flio191Jan 16, 2012. 7:23 PM
Check out videos on MSG, Aspartame, Fluoride and Vaccinations on YouTube:

Dr. Russell L. Blaylock -- Excitotoxins [MSG, Aspartame]

Dr. Blaylock on Fluoride, Aspartame, MSG and Vaccinations (1)

Dr. Russell Blaylock M.D. is a retired neurosurgeon and author whose trailblazing research has tirelessly documented the fact that there is an epidemic of neurological disorders in the western world which are directly connected to toxins in our environment, and how this relates to the larger global eugenics program behind population reduction. In this fascinating interview, Blaylock reveals how depopulation programs forged by the Rockefeller foundation in association with the Nazis were the basis of modern day incarnations of eugenics like fluoride poisoning and vaccinations.

Disillusionment is a positive thing!
Gary Viveiros in reply to megmaineOct 31, 2011. 1:25 AM
The Filipinos and Asians all use fish sauce that you coud use a couple of teaspoons of. The Chines use shrimp paste called Harm-ha, the Filipinos use either Patis or Bagoong (bah'-gah-ong'). I don't know what the Thai or others use, but it is all fermented and refined for bottling, very salty, and a little goes a long way. One thing missing in the ingredients is understanding, open-minded relatives who won't open the refrigerator door and say something like "Whew, what in the heck died in here!"
dstone-1 in reply to megmaineMar 10, 2011. 6:45 PM
I think I might try anchovies in a batch. they shouldn't have any mercury.
gweedoh! in reply to megmaineJun 17, 2010. 8:17 PM
oh yeah, I realized that one a while ago. I just rocked it without. I may try sardines some time tho. and for future reference, dont use togarashi if thats all you have, it makes really weird kim chee...I got a big bag of powdered peppers yesterday and i'm going for another round. thanks!
gweedoh! in reply to gweedoh!Jun 17, 2010. 9:12 PM

I had to add this. I play with my food a lot...
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yhan2 in reply to gweedoh!Nov 9, 2011. 2:18 PM
It's Korean salt! It's the most important to make kimchi!
megmaine (author) in reply to gweedoh!Jun 30, 2010. 3:50 PM
Delicious! Thanks for sharing your experiences, insights, and photo!
dstone-1 says: Mar 10, 2011. 6:41 PM
I've made several batches of kim-chi from a similar recipe and it's always great (better than any I've bought in a store). It uses half the salt, 1 Tbs per pint of water and seems to work fine. I've never tried any fish nor other base than napa cabbage. my next batch is gonna have bonito and bok-choi. sounds delicious!!
legendofmatt says: Sep 7, 2009. 10:17 AM
Cucumbers are also amazing in this solution! I have had a different version of Korean Fermented Veggies. They use a combo of Miso and some thick slices of cucumbers and it comes out tasting so good! I will have to find a link and post it later. if you know of one please let me know! Asian Cuisine ROCKS!
megmaine (author) in reply to legendofmattSep 10, 2009. 5:57 AM
Miso-pickled vegetables (and even meat and fish) deserves its own chapter, or maybe its own Instructable! A friend from Kyoto once told me about how prior to WWII, Japanese housewives preserved raw meat, fish, and vegetables by covering them in salty miso. I tried it once with chicken and the results were marvelous. Of course, I did cook the cured chicken, by simmering it, and it made great soup. But it did take simmering and soaking before the salt leached out enough to eat. Thanks for this interesting side note!
RMinVAUSA in reply to megmaineFeb 16, 2010. 12:15 AM

When you cook something that's very salty, adding raw potatoes to the dish while it's cooking will help leech away the salt to the potatoes. Doesn't hurt the potatoes either.

guerrilla says: Sep 16, 2009. 12:31 PM
stupid question - what is a non-reactive mixing bowl? BTW thanks for the instructable!
megmaine (author) in reply to guerrillaSep 19, 2009. 10:20 AM
Ah yes, it just means a mixing bowl that won't react with acids, salt, or anything else in your food. In this case, nonmetallic. I don't recommend plastic either as it tends to retain odors and anyway, the less our food comes in contact with it, the better. I usually use a glass or ceramic one. Metal probably wouldn't hurt anything so long as it's decent-quality stainless steel, but since acids and salts can interact with metal and either corrode it or lend a metallic taste to food, glass or ceramic are easy solutions.
pdhestand in reply to megmaineJan 28, 2010. 8:04 AM
Realizing that this reply is to a months old comment but anyway...your recommendation to use ceramic is fine except that you need to be careful about how the ceramic is glazed.  Some glazes contain things like lead which can leach out, particularly in the presence of acids.  Otherwise, wonderful instructable!
zhenia says: Apr 29, 2009. 9:08 AM
Thanks for this! I love kimchi, will try to make some. Is there any veggie sauce you can recommend instead of the fish sauce I can use?
megmaine (author) in reply to zheniaDec 21, 2009. 6:55 AM
Someone has posted a nice recipe for vegan fish sauce alternative here, so you might try that, and also know that without any fish sauce or fish sauce substitution, it is still quite good, and still kimchi. Fish sauce or any replacement is purely optional. :)
HobbyistX in reply to zheniaSep 3, 2009. 12:11 PM
If the no-seafood-in-kimchi is just a matter of taste preference and not a part of a lifestyle choice, I'd like to point out that the bonito adds a savory flavor that isn't at all fishy. I think Caesar salad is a good example of this. Many people vehemently hate all forms of seafood, yet they can't get enough delicious Caesar dressing. Many are horrified when they discover it contains a heaping helping of anchovy puree. Yup.
Phoghat in reply to HobbyistXDec 27, 2009. 4:40 PM
HawkEye: Congratulations Frank you just blew up some Korean Sauerkraut!
megmaine (author) in reply to HobbyistXDec 21, 2009. 7:00 AM
That is good to point out, and thanks for the bit about the Caesar dressing and the savory rather than fishy nature of bonito. Alas, I must also point out that hondashi powder contains lots of MSG, for for those who don't want that, dried smoked bonito fish, either whole or in shavings, can be had at Asian markets and sometimes health food stores, which are whole foods and do not contain MSG. Natural fermented fish sauce is also available, but check the label for MSG if that is a concern.

Kombu (a type of kelp) also makes foods taste more savory because of the natural form of MSG it contains... in fact it was how MSG was originally discovered. Kombu tenderizes and boosts 'savory' or 'umami' taste in other foods.
megmaine (author) in reply to zheniaApr 30, 2009. 3:43 AM
Actually, I have never tried it for this purpose, but vegemite comes to mind. It's a dark, savory, yeast-derived broth concentrate paste well-loved in the UK and Australia. But honestly, fish is just an option in kimchi, and can just as well be made without. So to those who don't eat fish, there is no reason you can't just make your kimchi with none in it. It's an optional flavor.
Phoghat in reply to megmaineDec 27, 2009. 4:42 PM

gohiyudi says: Apr 2, 2009. 4:09 PM
(removed by author or community request)
megmaine (author) in reply to gohiyudiApr 2, 2009. 4:23 PM
Definitely check out the Wild Fermentation website then, because there are many things that he has simple methods for (rather than recipes although he offers measurements too) that can be customized to the extent of the imagination. :)
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