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How to Make a Three Axis CNC Machine (Cheaply and Easily)

Step 4Required Parts

Required Parts
The attached PDF (CNC-Part-Summary.pdf) provides detailed cost and sourcing information for each and every required part. Listed here is only a summary

Sheet Stock --- $20
-a 48" x 48" piece of 1/2" thick MDF (any 1/2" sheet stock can be used I have plans to make my next version out of UHMW but cost was prohibitive this time around)
-a 5"x5" piece of 3/4" thick MDF (this is used to make spacers so any piece of 3/4" stock found around the shop could be used)

Motors and Controllers ---- $255
-An entire instructable could be written on chosing a controller and motors. In short what is required is a controller capable of three axes of control (with pulsed step and direction inputs) and motors with about 100 oz/in holding torque. I sourced mine from http://hobbycnc.com they have worked well and the kit was quite easy to solder. ( direct link )

Hardware--- $275
-These parts can be acquired from three places. The conventional items can be acquired at Home Depot, the specialty drive products are easy to find at any industrial supplier, I used McMaster Carr (http://www.mcmaster.com) (I chose them because they have a nice online store), and finally because of the large number of bearings required I found the best price from an online seller (http://vxb.com) which sells 100 for $40 (leaves quite a few left over for other projects) ( direct link )

Software --- (free)
-What is required is a program to draw your designs (I use CorelDraw), and a programme capable of interpreting these files into pulses to be sent to your controller. I'm currently using a trial version of Mach3 ( http://www.machsupport.com )but have plans to convert to LinuxCNC (An open source machine controller which uses linux) ( http://www.linuxcnc.org )

Router Head--- (extra)
-I attached a dremel type cutting tool to my machine however if you are more interested in additive construction (like fab@home or RepRap) you may wish to look into their deposition tools.

Details

-the metric components and especially the cross nuts aren't very popular and I had to visit several Home Depots in my area before I had enough.
-I couldn't find a way to link to parts directly on the MCMaster Carr site. To find them go to www.mcmaster.com and search for the part #
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35 comments
May 1, 2012. 9:39 AMoutland86 says:
Hi Everyone

We have a set of pre cut wood parts avaialble for this Router with all the edge boring done and cut professionally on a KOMO CNC..absolutely precise parts.
from MDF. an inexpensive option to ensure you have an accurate machine when you are done...www.makecnc.com

some minor improvments and modifications have been made to the original design.

also for FREE....FREE....FREE

you can download free from our site an extensive and comprehensive set of plans for this machine that includes the DXF files of all parts drawn by a professional draughtman with dogbone fillets added to allow you to cut the parts uisng a CNC router..as well as a set of drawings ready to laser cut.
a parts list and indervidual part drawings including metal parts belts etc to make building this cool little machine a breeze..hindreds of hours of work went into these plans and cut files and they are your for free..no obligations.
www.makecnc.com
Jan 24, 2012. 8:20 AMkotten says:
100 608zz bearings $35ish through ebay w/ free shipping ...rather than the parts listed VXB which charges $39.99 & $15s/h

3 shaft couplers from Grainger part# 6L012 $19

3 stepper motors through ebay for <$200
Feb 10, 2011. 9:00 PMJewellsdaddy says:
I just spent $85 at home depo and I still didn't get everything from there I needed. Can someone tell me what a "Bolt (#8 x 3"), and Nut (#8) actually is in actual part that can be found vs the 8mm parts. Has anyone built this machine using substitute hardware for the metric parts?
Dec 22, 2011. 5:05 PMytumer says:
Anything below a 1/4" thread is given an indexed number from 1 to 12 for UNC and 0 to 12 for UNF.

The roughly equivalent of a #8 UNC bolt in metric would be a M4 as the recommended tapping drill size for a #8 UNC bolt is diameter 3.8mm and that of an M4 bolt is diameter 3.7mm.
Mar 1, 2011. 2:12 PMHIRULE says:
the bolt is a size #8 bolt that is 3 inchs long, and the nut is refering to a size #8 nut which fits a size #8 bolt the sizes should be labeled on the packaging.
Hope this helps!
Mar 1, 2011. 9:01 PMJewellsdaddy says:
Perhaps my question sounds dumber than I mean for it to. " #8 " does not refer to a metric or Iso standard so im trying to figure out what to do next.
Aug 2, 2011. 1:43 PMattache88 says:
3in allen head #8 http://www.mcmaster.com/#91251A086
Mar 3, 2011. 5:27 PMHIRULE says:
A #8 is standard metrics has its own classification system
Oct 19, 2010. 10:49 PMmateo9944 says:
A note on the motors and controls section:
The hobbycnc kits seem nice because everything you need is in one package, but if you feel like tinkering in hobby electronics as well, you should check out sparkfun.com.
You can pick up an arduino(really nice open source micro-controller) for as little as $19, depending on which one you get. They also sell these stepper driver boards:
http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9402
which for $15 aren't bad. They would interface very easily with an arduino. They also have stepper motors but ebay is the cheapest way to go for those.
Over-all its about the same cost, but if you've never used an arduino, it is defiantly something you should look at.
Aug 26, 2010. 3:49 AMwaynerod says:
Hey, Right now, I'm using LinuxCNC (EMC2). I cannot get it to work. I think my hardware (PC) may not be suitable. I'm thinking of trying out MAch3. Could u do a tutorial on how to set it up and get it running for this CNC Machine? Plz!!!! I beg of you!!!!
Aug 16, 2010. 8:44 PMbluesplayer86 says:
Ok so do we use the coarse thread or the fine thread for the threaded rod
Jul 15, 2010. 2:32 AMwaynerod says:
Hi, Right now I'm in a fix.. I don't have a DB-25 Parallel port on my computer. Where could I get that from??
Aug 9, 2010. 8:12 PMrossjima says:
If it is a desktop, you can add a parallel port card.
Jul 16, 2010. 4:55 PMwaynerod says:
(removed by author or community request)
Apr 26, 2010. 6:03 AMkokotipi says:
hi there i m planing on building one myself but I m Mac user, does anyone know if i can find the right program to use on Mac?
I could get a cheap PC but I quite like keeping the control for everything from one computer.

Thank you very much!


May 16, 2010. 12:34 AMhsvenforcer says:
There should be a few windows emulators around for the Mac. Just be mindful that some emulators can run quite slow on older systems.
May 4, 2010. 3:31 AMwaynerod says:
(removed by author or community request)
May 5, 2010. 5:29 AMwaynerod says:
 Hey,
Can anyone tell me if I can use another bearing instead of the Shaft Support bearing (1/4" ID 7/8" OD)?
May 5, 2010. 11:05 PMwaynerod says:
 Is anyone willing to sell this part to me? (Of Course you would also need to ship it to my address in Australia)

I would be very thankful if someone in the US (or anywhere else) could do this
Feb 15, 2010. 6:59 AMpiant says:
 how can I buy and allready made system like this one.
Feb 12, 2010. 10:29 PMthelastonekills says:
this cnc runs off what ports best
Jan 10, 2010. 12:57 PMoscarthompson says:
what at the cross nuts for? can i use something instead
Jan 12, 2010. 1:48 PMkatzsplat says:
The cross nuts are used to join MDF panels at 90 degree angles.  You could probably use T-Bolt construction instead, but I think that would make the assembly more complicated.  Oomlout has an instructable about it here:

http://www.instructables.com/id/How_to_Make_Anything_Using_Acrylic_and_Machine_Sc/
Jan 10, 2010. 1:07 PMoscarthompson says:
something else I mean sorry
Jan 4, 2010. 2:03 AMOorspronklikheid says:
i belive you made a typo , the holding torq should be 100 oz*in instead of 100 oz/in
Jul 21, 2009. 5:56 AMszefski says:
Macmaster-Carr will not ship to me because I am Canadian :P. Is there anywhere I can order a pulley, pulley belt and imperial bearings? I have located everything else. If you ( or someone else!) could post a link that would be awesome.
Jul 14, 2009. 1:42 PMvaq says:
Hi I'm in the uk. iv converted all the bolts and nuts using a conversion chart, so basically 0.25"x2" bolts would be M6x50mm can I do this or am I gonna miss the 3mm difference later on? O and does it matter if the nuts are fully threaded or partial-thread coz I'm having a bad time finding partial-thread bolts? any answers welcome, lol i've just started cutting i'll let you know how i get on. P.s great instructions Vaq
Jul 15, 2009. 4:52 AMJohnnyVegas says:
I just finished building and you should definitely get the partial threaded bolts on the (6) 8mm x 60mm. Theses are used as pulleys for the belt drive. The others can be fully threaded. They make no difference. Also for anyone having trouble grabbing 8mmx60mm bolts locally I used some 8mmx70mm and they work fine. Non threaded off course.
Jul 14, 2009. 1:44 PMvaq says:
O i forgot to mention that rumour has it that MDF can cause cancer it has somthing to do with the epoxy used to bond it so mask up.
Jul 7, 2009. 6:47 PMshaneomacmcgee says:
cool 'ible, but still too expensive for me guess they dont come cheaper than this though... gonna actually needa earn some money >.<
Jun 13, 2009. 3:38 PMusb.to.go says:
If I do not want to do a cnc version just a milling machine what parts can I miss out? Thanks Jack ps. awesome instructable
Jun 21, 2009. 5:28 PMskaar says:
controller software with manual position entry would do it.
Sep 12, 2008. 10:40 AMgalaxyman7 says:
You can get 10 skate bearings for 5 bucks at http://www.vxb.com/page/bearings/PROD/608ZZ10
Times 4 is only 20 bucks + shipping. I was wondering if these would work just as well.
Mar 15, 2009. 4:09 PMcaptain727 says:
Just a question for u, did anyone respond to your thread about the skate bearing. I have all the parts except for the bearing. Which one did u end up going with. Thanks.
Mar 28, 2009. 12:05 PMcawink says:
I am almost done with the machine, and the skate bearings recommended by galaxy do actually work as a replacement.
May 7, 2012. 4:35 AMgalaxyman7 says:
yep they work fine, I'm pretty sure they are the same ones from the instructable, just in lower quanity.
Dec 29, 2008. 7:27 AMMacleodPT says:
Hello to all! First of all I would like to thank for this Instructable. By chance I happen to have worked a little with a cnc router and now I would like to build one myself. I've had a few problems though, because we use the metric system and also because some parts I can't recognise. For example the #8 x 3 bolts and nuts, what are these? And the cross nut ? Do these have any other technical name? Help would be much appreciated! :) Thanks and Happy New Year! Orlando
Feb 6, 2008. 10:52 AMrusselljwr says:
I was checking out your cnc board and stepper motor. I was wondering if you used a transformer? On cnchobby.com they say you need a transformer to operate it. Did you use one?? If so what did you use. Thanks Jesse
Jan 10, 2008. 8:33 AMHowling mad says:
-a 48" x 48" piece of 1/2" thick MDF (any 1/2" sheet stock can be used I have plans to make my next version out of UHMW but cost was prohibitive this time around) Stuart, Try Baltic Birch plywood. Definitely not as expensive as UHMW but much sturdier than MDF. Baltic Birch is a specialty ply for woodworkers, and has 12-15 plys with no voids, which is definitely NOT what you find at Home Depot. I found mine in the local yellow pages under plywood of all things. You will have to call 3 or 4 places, and see what they offer. a 48"x48"x1/2" sheet costs around $60 US. You could get away with just using the birch ply for the vertical components just make sure you reinforce the connection to the MDF base. Some additional thoughts: Industrial Supply (store) just as the name implies, bearings, etc. If you are not in the middle of suburbia you will find one under some such name. Steel Bar - I have a local place called Metals Warehouse, also as the name implies, which is a mom/pop shop for metals. I needed to buy some tool steel to make blades for a hand planer and wonder of wonders on the shelf and ready for my greedy little hands. Bigger base table: Think broken Hewlett Packard plotter! Marvelous chassis for long chrome plated rods for table. Really enjoyed reading your instructions. PS> For the jerks selling your instructions, I believe you can sue them based on GPL licensing! Kick them where it hurts!

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Author:oomlout