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How to Use a Laser Cutter

How to Use a Laser Cutter
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The laser cutter is one of the most useful tools in a modern shop. Laser cutters work by directing a very powerful laser beam, at a precise focal length, onto a material which they either cut or etch, depending on how the laser cutter has been set up. Laser cutters cut materials similarly to other computer controlled tools, only they do so using a beam of light as opposed to a blade. When laser cutters are set up to etch something on the surface of a material, they operate like a printer, literally using their laser beam to etch an image onto something.

This Instructable is meant to be a resource to anyone who is looking to do some laser cutting for the first time, learn a bit more about how laser cutters work, or just explore the wonderful world of laser cutters.
 
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Step 1Materials - Part 1 - The Machine

Materials - Part 1 - The Machine
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The first thing you're going to need to use a laser cutter, is the laser cutter. Though, chances are if you don't have one yet, purchasing one may not be within your budget.

Epilog recently released a line of budget laser cutters that come in just under $8,000.00. With that in mind, I'm going to explore other ways of getting your hands on a laser cutter.

First, there's always local colleges. Community colleges are fairly cheap for classes, and it can't hurt to see if they offer any classes in art or engineering that involve laser engraving. Less then a hundred dollars (depending on cost per credit) for a class, and you should have access to a laser cutter for a whole semester. Going about it this way, you not only get cheap access to a laser cutter, you also get to learn some tips and tricks, plus constant hands on experience.

If you just want your design made and don't have the cash for, or want to buy, the machinery, you can do some searches in your local area for businesses that will laser cut for you. There's a lot of places that make a business of laser cutting items for other people. You can also try to find places that use laser cutters, and see if they wouldn't mind helping you out.

Another way to get your design made without buying a laser cutter is with a company like Ponoko, who will cut whatever design you send them, and send you back the finished product. There is an excellent set of Instructables on doing just that.

If you really want your own laser cutter and just don't have the money for it, there are a couple of options. You can go to manufactures websites and see if they have an option to purchase pre-owned models, or go to a site like ebay and hope that what you buy is what you get.

You could also treat it as you would a car, since it costs just about as much, and lease-to-own.
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53 comments
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Mar 10, 2012. 12:36 PMljandueza says:
Excellent.
Mar 13, 2011. 9:32 AMThereyouhaveit says:
its ... HUGE .
Apr 18, 2011. 7:35 AMtxmcse says:
TWSS
Feb 28, 2011. 5:00 AMLaserMartina says:
I found an affordable laser cutter right here: Trotec Speedy 100
It's an entry level laser system at high quality.
Feb 24, 2011. 4:54 PMpsbatra says:
FANTASTIC tutorial - I always wondered about the process...I. Really. Really. Really. Want. One! I think I will get a large piggy bank and start filling it up with change...one day it'll be enough.....
Feb 14, 2011. 10:41 AMthepelton says:
If you are going to laser engrave glass, be prepared to run the focusing equipment manually. I found that the glass reflection can confound the auto focus.
Apr 7, 2009. 8:18 PMShadowJesus says:
Awesome... now only if i could afford a $8,000 dollar laser cutter:p
Feb 14, 2011. 10:38 AMthepelton says:
They can be bought used, but that doesn't mean dirt cheap. Be prepared for a big bill anyway.
May 12, 2009. 8:46 PMlunastyx says:
It seems to me that a laser cutter is something that a group of folks could buy together and share. Like a snow blower in the South. One person might not use it enough to make it profitable. But divided among 4 people?
Dec 21, 2009. 10:01 AMRevolverkiller says:
3 friends and I are planning on buying a Epilog Mini this next year. Gonna start a engraving business, might even take orders offa the internets as well
Dec 20, 2009. 2:45 PMM4industries says:
 TECHSHOP FTW!
Nov 28, 2010. 4:50 PMhintss says:
ponoko FTW. hackerspaces FTW.
Nov 29, 2010. 1:55 PMM4industries says:
Agreed. But there are more specialty tools in general at TechShop.
Nov 28, 2010. 5:26 PMhintss says:
IIRC, the autofocusing happens at the first point where the laser will be on, right?
Apr 17, 2009. 9:05 PMthepaul1993 says:
was that the EEE 900HA?
Apr 20, 2009. 1:21 AMthepaul1993 says:
cool. Anyways it reminds me on what i want to do one day. I want to get i really old laptop (that runs windows 3) and put an EEE or something like that in its shell. Just for something to do..
Nov 28, 2010. 4:55 PMhintss says:
?

also, I wish they had linux drivers
Apr 7, 2009. 8:05 PMSinAmos says:
HOW TO BE RICH ENOUGH TO AFFORD A LASER CUTTER, so all these instructables don't go to waste. These teases irk me. I want a laser cutter. Waaaaaah.
Nov 28, 2010. 4:54 PMhintss says:
step 1: be rich enough to get a 3D printer
step 2: print 3D printer parts until you're rich enough to get a laser cutter
May 12, 2009. 8:43 PMlunastyx says:
Me, too. I so want a desktop cutter and yet...so out of reach I think...big sigh
Apr 8, 2009. 2:19 PMOroka says:
OMG! I was thinking the same thing! I am going back to school in Sept, when I am done and in my job, first thing I buy is a laser cutter! Damn thing is worth more than my car :(
Apr 7, 2009. 10:26 PMmicroman171 says:
Same here! But $8000...!
Dec 20, 2009. 2:44 PMSweetTea says:
 What is the purpose of this instructable? 

If someone spent 8K on an Epilog Laser, shouldn't they have the initiative to RTM?
Nov 28, 2010. 4:51 PMhintss says:
but trust me, the manual dosen't cover everything.

same goes for the manuals for MRI machines. apparently, they're not to be used in explosive environments*.

*I actually found that in a manual for an MRI machine
Jun 22, 2010. 7:24 PMacornstu says:
Hey! Great tutorial. Sadly my budget for laser machines is running about $8,000 short. Would you be interested in erching some arcrylic for me? Please email me at acornstu@gmail.com. thanks!
Nov 28, 2010. 4:49 PMhintss says:
ponoko
Oct 25, 2010. 3:23 PMah-el says:
tanl you merci
Mar 26, 2010. 12:53 PMknektek says:
gonna use a laser cutter @ school for my own bookend project.
Mar 24, 2010. 3:05 PMkcls says:
Oh how I want a laser cutter...
Dec 21, 2009. 10:43 AMthepelton says:

Make sure that you DO NOT use any plastic that contains CHLORINE, or says PVC on it, or any other chlorine related chemical.  That will VOID THE WARRANTY on your laser, and screw up the lenses in the process.

Nov 11, 2009. 10:59 AMsrlbeln says:
what brand and model are those exhaust fan and air compressor?
Nov 12, 2009. 8:51 AMnoahw says:
The compressor comes directly from epilog - but anything that can output a steady stream of air at 30 psi will do.   The exhaust fan is a 1 HP Delta dust collector motor that pulls around 650cfs.
Nov 2, 2009. 9:51 PMCrabTerl says:
 OpenOffice.org 2.4 Draw works fine too
Apr 8, 2009. 10:14 AMthepelton says:
Using certain varieties of plastic in an Epilog laser will void the warranty.
Apr 9, 2009. 1:13 PMthepelton says:
One of the Warranty killers I beleive is Polyvinyl Chloride.
Apr 9, 2009. 8:34 PMrobomaniac says:
Yes, everything with chloride is not laser safe.

The fume created by the plastic will damage the lenses. I think it fogs the lenses .

You can know if the plastic your using has Chloride.You take COPPER and heat it up so it is RED with a torche. I took copper wire, 12 gauge.

Then touch your plastic to get some plastic residue on the copper wire. Then put it to the flame, is you see GREEN in the flame, it is chloride, do not use with laser!

Dave at Solarbotics.com teach me that.
Aug 8, 2009. 12:42 PMthepelton says:
So you couldn't laser engrave a salt crystal. Didn't intend to anyway.
Aug 8, 2009. 12:48 PMthepelton says:
They also put recycling instructions on a lot of plastic items that should say if they containt Chlorine.
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