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How to design and build a combat robot

How to design and build a combat robot
Combat robots have been entertaining and amusing since before they were popular on Comedy Central. A while back I undertook the challenge of building a couple of combat robots (a 30lb and a 220lb). Regardless of the size of the machine the steps in the process are the same. This Instructable will walk you through the steps and provide you with resources to help with the machine and give an understanding of what is involved using my 30lb robot as an example.
 
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Step 1Decide what size robot you want to build

Decide what size robot you want to build
Combat robots come in many sizes from 75grams to 340lbs each one of them has their pros and cons. The first thing to do when thinking about building is to find the competition which you want to compete and see what weight classes are going to be there, because what is the point of building a bot you can never fight. Listing of robotic competitions are available on http://www.buildersdb.com and http://www.robotevents.com.

Large robots: 60lbs +
There is nothing like the thrill of seeing two large machines hitting each other with the force of a small car wreck. When most people think of combat robots it is these larger machines which first cross your mind. If you are fortunate to live near one of the large robotic events these machines can be fun builds, but at the same time the level of engineering required can be quite difficult. These large machines can also cost quite a bit of money. When you commit to building a machine this size you are committing at least $1000, and in many cases much more. I would estimate that your average heavy weight (220lbs) would cost a builder $4000-$5000 to build a competitive machine, and it is not uncommon to see builders spend upwards of $15,000+ on their machines over the course of a few years. In the days when combat robotics was televised there were many sponsorship opportunities which would subsidize the cost, unfortunately now as a builder you will be on your own.

On the good side of larger machines is that many times you can find surplus parts online which can reduce the cost of the machine. Using off the shelf components such as items from http://www.teamwhyachi.com/ or http://www.AndyMark.biz can help make things easier. There are more of these components available for larger machines. Those Larger machines also have the added ability for service, fixing a machine is much easier the larger it is. Building a large robot can be both fun and enjoyable and you wont regret being able to say "I have a 120 lb battlebot in my garage"

Small Robot:

Building a small robot can be alot of fun but also a good challenge, with a restricted weight limit it makes every part on the machine to be critically thought about and designed. Most people are drawn to these smaller machines because of the frequency of competitions for them as well as the ability to transport them easily. While it is the common misconception that small robots are cheap they can be just as expensive as their larger counterparts. Alot of times the small electronics required for these can cost quite a bit as compared to larger components.

weight classes (list from wikipedia):

  • 75g- Fleaweight
  • 150g- Fairyweight (UK - Antweight)
  • 1 pound (454 g) - Antweight
  • 1 kilogram (2.2 lbs) Kilobot
  • 3 pound (1.36 kg) - Beetleweight
  • 6 pound (2.72 kg) - Mantisweight
  • 12 pound (5.44 kg) - Hobbyweight
  • 15 pound (6.80 kg) - BotsIQ Mini class
  • 30 pound (14 kg) - Featherweight
  • 60 pound (27 kg) - Lightweight
  • 120 pound (54 kg) - Middleweight
  • 220 pound (100 kg) - Heavyweight
  • 340 pound (154 kg) Super Heavyweight
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113 comments
1-40 of 113next »
Apr 12, 2010. 12:32 PMAdamMunich says:
I built one, imo it sucks and i want to rebuild it. But i have no reason to... To me it seems combat robots are dead, except for a couple annual matches in CA and FL. All the websites on combat robots don't seem to be updated since 2002. (bad grammar) Now, i have this crappy bot sitting in my garage, and i have no idea what to do with it. I could use all of the electronics to make something, but what?
Apr 10, 2012. 5:16 AMlewisb42 says:
Robot Battles (http://robotbattles.com/) in the southeast US is still going stong.
Mar 31, 2012. 4:43 AMnuclear12321 says:
Most of them are, unfortunately. However, the RoboGames in San Mateo, California, are still on. Apparently there are 50+ events including combat soccer, and lego bots. Even if you don't want to rebuild it as a battlebot, you could probably use the components for a soccerbot or something.
Nov 12, 2011. 5:20 AMankitgarg2005 says:
which type of motor should be used for cutter?
Jul 2, 2011. 4:32 AMdhill10 says:
what does the orange robot do at the top of this page
Jul 2, 2011. 4:31 AMdhill10 says:
how do u make the round one can u put steps on this website
Jun 17, 2011. 4:30 AMEventorizon-AJSB says:
You show the design process really well! You really know your stuff! I am currently building my own combat robot, the blog is...

http://eventorizon-maelstrom.blogspot.com/

if you want to check it out. Tell me what you think cos you definitely have the construction of your bots down to a fine art, especially cos you trust your own CAD skills enough to have the parts custom cut!
Oct 25, 2009. 9:41 AMDELETED_madscientist167 says:
(removed by author or community request)
Dec 29, 2009. 9:02 PMEvilthingamabober says:
 But what if someone has an axe?....
Mar 6, 2011. 12:59 AMssureddi says:
u can also increase thi thickness of ur propulsion wheel
Jan 27, 2010. 9:41 PMthestyrofoampeanut says:
 what if the robot has an axe?
Feb 3, 2010. 6:18 PMEvilthingamabober says:
 What if your own robot has a badly placed axe?
Feb 12, 2011. 10:53 AMbadideasrus says:
what if someone else's axe was badly placing your robot?
Mar 6, 2011. 12:57 AMssureddi says:
can cover the bot with gi sheets instead.....
Feb 19, 2011. 12:10 PMEvilthingamabober says:
What if someone else's badly was robot your placing?
Aug 25, 2011. 7:45 PMvruiz3 says:
WTF?
Feb 2, 2011. 6:30 PMkillerinstincts says:
would this be a good idea 2 circular saws on sides
nailgun on top
made of stainless steel
and a spiked rammer with a strong motor too power it
how much do u think it would cost plz reply
Dec 26, 2010. 8:24 AMtobyscool says:
Could i just buy one simple rc car and get the inside and change the armor and put a weapon. because im cheap :D
Oct 4, 2010. 7:42 AMREA says:
what about programing it? where does one begin with programming?
Oct 4, 2010. 2:13 PMM4industries says:
That won't be necessary if you build with enough hardware. RC receivers don't need programming and neither do the servos. The relays, maybe, but the robots aren't autonomous.
Jul 24, 2010. 2:17 AMDannne11 says:
can i just put the fuse between the wires, instead of having a breakout board??
May 24, 2009. 3:36 PMyour dog says:
Hi!
I was wondering..... where could you get a base- where did you get yours?

I've all ready seen
http://www.inertialabs.com/
http://www.robotmarketplace.com/store.html,
http://www.battlekits.com/

P.S.-I'm trying to build a drum bot.
Jul 14, 2010. 2:42 PMteam-orr-robotics says:
would you be willing to make this c.a.d downloadable?, i recently received a autodesk setup and id really like to see a properly made fighting robot cad (thats what i intend to use it for) befor i make mine so i get a basic idea of what to aim for, ta :)
Jul 17, 2010. 2:37 PMteam-orr-robotics says:
hi, i sent a email...wondering if it got through?
Jul 23, 2010. 9:27 AMDannne11 says:
Why do I need a Breakout board???
Oct 14, 2009. 6:49 PMGianniMora says:
about how much money would a mantisweight battlebot cost if i had if ihad like the crapiest matirials for it and how much would it costif i had the best matirials on it.


Apr 16, 2009. 2:55 PMhyrulianshinobi333 says:
does anyone else think this is a good idea. put a series of powerful neodynium magnets in a tube, then set up a crank with enormous gear reduction to compress the gears. then unmesh, then have a second motor that will release the magnets and drive a weapon with huge force. you could thrust a spear or hammer forward at like 80mph, it is impracticible for small bots but i think it is a good idea for big ones. they say two doghnut sized magnets can come together with thousands of pounds of force. i think this could work
May 22, 2009. 10:06 AMrecon506 says:
You may get thrown out during Tech Inspection by the judges. In every division and organization that I have ever battled they have some pretty rigid rules regarding magnets on robots, because it is thought that a strong enough magnetic field around a robot could possibly mess with both radio controls as well as with the timing on high-end brushless motors. For our bot, my team and I hung about 2.5 pounds worth of Neodymium magnets to keep us on the ground when our weapon hit upwards of 15000 RPM, and during Tech we got some extremely dirty looks from the inspector. Your call chief.
May 13, 2009. 6:23 AMomega9o says:
could u possibly use the fabric that takes ts origginal shape after volts are applied. but like under metal so if it brakes you have somewhat of a backup to protect from getting into it
Jan 13, 2009. 7:06 PMbighead5454 says:
do you think $150 would be enough to build a small 20 or 30 lb robot
Mar 7, 2009. 7:18 AMDaNerd11 says:
on your wiring schematic, there is only 1 battery. should this battery have the voltage for the motors and speed controllers combined or just the speed controllers. also, wouldnt you need a battery for the reciever.?
Jan 3, 2009. 10:25 PMMushrooshi says:
Hi. When I was 3, I saw Robot Wars on TV, and ever since, this has guided me to wanting to be a robotics engineer. I am now 15. I am in Texas, and I am wondering if there are any competitions still functional... Farthest I would go is Dallas, from San Antonio. Please PM me.
1-40 of 113next »

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