Introduction: Ltsp Clustering.
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LTSP-Cluster
When there is a need for hundreds or thousands thin clients, you need a ltsp-cluster. Read more about ltsp-cluster:
In this guide we install very basic, but working ltsp-cluster for testing and studying purpose. We use here "A setup with internet connection" from wiring howto:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/LTSPWiring
We need two x86_64/amd64 servers. First one is root server for all thin clients. Second one is application server for all thin clients in this guide. In the real world you need more than one application server, of course. And one server for home files (NFS) and one server for managing all the users (openLDAP). But as we said – this is very basic ltsp-cluster, just something to get familiar and start with.
Here is Stéphane Graber's excellent guide:
https://www.ltsp-cluster.org/documentation/howto/openvz-setup
We have named two server this way.
Ltsp-root01 – 192.168.1.101 | Ltsp-appserv01 – 192.168.1.102
Both servers need to know each others.
cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 192.168.1.101 ltsp-root01 192.168.1.102 ltsp-appserv01 [--]
For the installation we need two CD's.
For the root server we need "64-bit PC (AMD64) server install CD". http://releases.ubuntu.com/9.10/
For the application server we need “64-bit PC (AMD64) alternate install CD". http://releases.ubuntu.com/9.10/
Note: somehow the last section disappeared. It has been restored.Step 1: Root Server for LTSP-Cluster
Root Server for LTSP-Cluster
We use "64-bit PC (AMD64) server install CD" to install root server. Do not install anything extra – just SSH server. After that make all updates and upgrades.
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
uname -a Linux ltsp-root01 2.6.31-12-server #40-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 7 05:13:39 UTC 2009 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Install ltsp- and dhcp3-servers
Install ltsp- and dhcp3-servers in root server.
sudo apt-get install ltsp-server dhcp3-server
Modify dhcp3.conf for your network. Here we use this one. Note: File is not in /etc/ltsp directory!
sudo nano /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
# /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
ddns-update-style none;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
authoritative;
log-facility local7;
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option domain-name "ubuntu-ltsp5";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
option routers 192.168.1.1;
range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.250;
next-server 192.168.1.101;
filename "/ltsp/i386/pxelinux.0";
}Restart dhcp3-server.
sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart
Build chroot
Thin clients need 32-bit chroot. Build that one this way in root server.
sudo ltsp-build-client --arch i386 --ltsp-cluster --prompt-rootpass
When asked for ltsp-cluster settings answer as follow. Remember change “Server name” if needed.
Configuration of LTSP-Cluster NOTE: booleans must be answered as uppercase Y or N Server name: 192.168.1.101 Port (default: 80): 80 Use SSL [y/N]: N Enable hardware inventory [Y/n]: Y Request timeout (default: 2): 2
Root user passwd for chroot will be asked, too.
Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully
Your answered setup is in this file: /opt/ltsp/i386/etc/ltsp/getltscfg-cluster.conf
SERVER=192.168.1.101 PORT=80 ENABLE_SSL=N INVENTORY=Y TIMEOUT=2
Step 2: Install Ltsp-cluster-control
Install ltsp-cluster-control
Install web based admin program for thin clients in root server.
sudo apt-get install ltsp-cluster-control postgresql
Modify program's configuration file. Note: Do not left any empty lines before or after php-tags (<?php / ?>) - php will not run!
sudo nano /etc/ltsp/ltsp-cluster-control.config.php
In this setup we use this one. Note all database related information.
<?php
$CONFIG['save'] = "Save";
$CONFIG['lang'] = "en"; #Language for the interface (en and fr are supported"
$CONFIG['charset'] = "UTF-8";
$CONFIG['use_https'] = "false"; #Force https
$CONFIG['terminal_auth'] = "false";
$CONFIG['db_server'] = "localhost"; #Hostname of the database server
$CONFIG['db_user'] = "ltsp"; #Username to access the database
$CONFIG['db_password'] = "ltsp"; #Password to access the database
$CONFIG['db_name'] = "ltsp"; #Database name
$CONFIG['db_type'] = "postgres"; #Database type (only postgres is supported)
$CONFIG['auth_name'] = "EmptyAuth";
$CONFIG['loadbalancer'] = "192.168.1.101"; #Hostname of the loadbalancer
$CONFIG['first_setup_lock'] = "TRUE";
$CONFIG['printer_servers'] = array("cups.yourdomain.com"); #Hostname(s) of your print servers
$CONFIG['rootInstall'] = "/usr/share/ltsp-cluster-control/Admin/";
?>Create new user for database. Use same passwd as above (db_password = ltsp)
sudo -u postgres createuser -SDRIP ltsp Enter password for new role: Enter it again:
Create new database.
sudo -u postgres createdb ltsp -O ltsp
Move to the new directory and create tables in database.
cd /usr/share/ltsp-cluster-control/DB/
cat schema.sql functions.sql | psql -h localhost ltsp ltsp Password for user ltsp:
Now you have to act as a root user and move to the /root directory.
sudo su cd /root
Get two files for database.
wget http://bazaar.launchpad.net/%7Eltsp-cluster-team/ltsp-cluster/ltsp-cluster-control\/download/head%3A/controlcenter.py-20090118065910-j5inpmeqapsuuepd-3/control-center.py
wget http://bazaar.launchpad.net/%7Eltsp-cluster-team/ltsp-cluster/ltsp-cluster-control\/download/head%3A/rdpldm.config-20090430131602-g0xccqrcx91oxsl0-1/rdp%2Bldm.config
Modify control-center.py file, use same information for database as above.
nano control-center.py
#/usr/bin/python import pgdb, os, sys #FIXME: This should be a configuration file db_user="ltsp" db_password="ltsp" db_host="localhost" db_database="ltsp"
Install one python-package.
apt-get install python-pygresql
Stop Apche2 and install two files.
/etc/init.d/apache2 stop
python control-center.py rdp+ldm.config Cleaned status table Cleaned log table Cleaned computershw table Cleaned status table Cleaned log table Cleaned computershw table Regenerated tree
Start Apache2 again.
/etc/init.d/apache2 start
Stop acting like a root user.
exit
Open your Firefox and go to the admin web page.
http://ltsp-root01/ltsp-cluster-control/Admin/admin.php
In the first page (“Configuration”) make few changes, this way.
LANG = en_EN.UTF-8 LDM_DIRECTX = True LDM_SERVER = %LOADBALANCER% LOCAL_APPS_MENU = True SCREEN_07 = ldm TIMESERVER = ntp.ubuntu.com XKBLAYOUT = en
Create a new node.
- Press the Create child buton
- Type the name of your node in the Name field and press save
Here are some screenshots after all setups.
http://www.arkki.info/howto/Wiki/LTSP-Cluster/LTSP-ClusterControlCenter-01.png
http://www.arkki.info/howto/Wiki/LTSP-Cluster/LTSP-ClusterControlCenter-02.png
http://www.arkki.info/howto/Wiki/LTSP-Cluster/LTSP-ClusterControlCenter-03.png
http://www.arkki.info/howto/Wiki/LTSP-Cluster/LTSP-ClusterControlCenter-04.png
Install loadbalancer
Install loadbalancer in root server.
sudo apt-get install ltsp-cluster-lbserver
Modify information for loadbalancer.
sudo nano /etc/ltsp/lbsconfig.xml
Here we have only one application server: <node address="http://192.168.1.102:8000" name="ltsp-appserv01"/>
We have changed group name to “karmic” and max-threads to “1”.
cat /etc/ltsp/lbsconfig.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<lbsconfig>
<lbservice listen="*:8008" max-threads="1" refresh-delay="60" returns="$IP"/>
<lbslave is-slave="false"/>
<mgmtservice enabled="true" listen="*:8001"/>
<nodes>
<group default="true" name="karmic">
<node address="http://192.168.1.102:8000" name="ltsp-appserv01"/>
</group>
</nodes>
<rules>
<variable name="LOADAVG" weight="50">
<rule capacity=".7"/>
</variable>
<variable name="NBX11SESS" weight="25">
<rule capacity="$CPUFREQ*$CPUCOUNT*$CPUCOUNT/120" critical="$CPUFREQ*$CPUCOUNT*$CPUCOUNT/100"/>
</variable>
<variable name="MEMUSED" weight="25">
<rule capacity="$MEMTOTAL-100000"/>
</variable>
</rules>
</lbsconfig>We have now root server ready.
Step 3: Application Server
Application Server for LTSP-Cluster
We use "64-bit PC (AMD64) alternate install CD" to install application server. Do not install anything extra – nothing at all LTSP related. After that make all updates and upgrades.
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
uname -a Linux ltsp-appserv01 2.6.31-12-generic #40-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 7 04:13:44 UTC 2009 x86_64 GNU/Linux
We install following packages.
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop ltsp-server ltsp-cluster-lbagent ltsp-cluster-accountmanager
Remove few useless packages.
sudo apt-get remove --purge gnome-screensaver compiz
Be sure that everything is in good shape.
sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get autoclean
Remove following services.
sudo update-rc.d -f nbd-server remove sudo update-rc.d -f gdm remove sudo update-rc.d -f bluetooth remove sudo update-rc.d -f pulseaudio remove
Create following file and copy this inside that file.
sudo nano /etc/xdg/autostart/pulseaudio-module-suspend-on-idle.desktop
[Desktop Entry] Version=1.0 Encoding=UTF-8 Name=PulseAudio Session Management Comment=Load module-suspend-on-idle into PulseAudio Exec=pactl load-module module-suspend-on-idle Terminal=false Type=Application Categories= GenericName=
Create a test user and add user to the following groups.
sudo adduser ltsp001 sudo adduser ltsp001 fuse sudo adduser ltsp001 audio sudo adduser ltsp001 video
If ltsp-cluster-accountmanager is killing user sessions when using ldap authentication add the following to the /etc/pam.d/common-session file
session optional pam_ecryptfs.so unrwap session optional pam_ck_connector.so nox11
We have updated and upgraded chroot and installed ssh, nano, mc and htop in chroot for testing purpose.
Here is user “ltsp001” at application server “ltsp-appserv01”
ltsp001@ltsp-appserv01:~$ uname -a Linux ltsp-appserv01 2.6.31-12-generic #41-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 7 19:37:12 UTC 2009 x86_64 GNU/Linux ltsp001@ltsp-appserv01:~$
Here is user “root” at thin client “ltsp200”
root@ltsp200:~# uname -a Linux ltsp200 2.6.31-12-generic #41-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 7 18:42:46 UTC 2009 i686 GNU/Linux root@ltsp200:~# ps ax | grep ltsp 2291 ? S 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/share/ltsp/screen_session 07 4108 ? S 0:00 /bin/openvt -f -w -c 7 -- /usr/share/ltsp/screen.d/ldm 4109 tty7 Ss+ 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/share/ltsp/screen.d/ldm 4222 tty7 S+ 0:00 xinit /usr/share/ltsp/xinitrc /usr/sbin/ldm -- :7 vt7 -auth /var/run/ldm-xauth-iVl786vMH/Xauthority -br 4486 pts/0 Ss+ 0:00 ssh -Y -t -M -S /var/run/ldm_socket_4241_192.168.1.102 -o NumberOfPasswordPrompts=1 ltsp001@192.168.1.102 echo LTSPROCKS; /bin/sh - 5407 ? Ssl 0:00 sshfs -o allow_other,ControlPath=/var/run/ldm_socket_4241_192.168.1.102 192.168.1.102:/home/ltsp001 /home/ltsp001 5495 tty7 S 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/ltsp-localappsd 5499 tty7 S 0:00 ssh -Y -t -S /var/run/ldm_socket_4241_192.168.1.102 -l ltsp001 192.168.1.102 XDG_DATA_DIRS=/tmp/ltsp-localapps-ltsp001-MITLUY/:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/ LTSP_CLIENT=192.168.1.200 LTSP_CLIENT_HOSTNAME=ltsp200 DISPLAY=192.168.1.200:7 PULSE_SERVER=tcp:192.168.1.200:4713 ESPEAKER=192.168.1.200:16001 /etc/X11/Xsession default < /dev/null > /dev/null ; /usr/sbin/ltspfsmounter all cleanup 5651 pts/1 S+ 0:00 grep ltsp root@ltsp200:~#
