Metal Casting with SUGRU

 by nepheron
Contest WinnerFeatured
YOU CAN CAST ACCURATE TIN REPLICAS OF OBJECTS USING SUGRU

Please vote! vote! vote! vote! vote! Do it! :) (This is in a contest, you know! :D)

Make sure to check out my blog!

Not to long ago, I started my ventures into metal casting. My early molds were made of plaster, but I quickly learned that silicone epoxy makes GREAT metal casting molds. Unfortunately, the silicone epoxy I was using was not designed for casting metal, and was too soft and flexible. My early silicone molds were not tough enough for lots of repeated use.

But Sugru, on the other hand, is a very durable silicone mold making material. It makes molds just as good as the silicone epoxy I used previously, except Sugru is WAY more durable, and will make molds that will last dozens of casts.

The cast quality of this skull isn't quite exactly what I'm after, but I was in a hurry. Molds need to be broken in before they with make great casts, so the first, second, or even third castings may have bubbles or vacancies. The skull in the main picture is the second cast. You shoulda seen the first one ;)

Ok, this goes without saying (but I'll say it anyway)...
Casting metal involves the use of butane torches. Butane torches have fire. Fire can burn you. So can hot metal. Got it?

If you want to cast high temp metals, just use the sugru molds for wax, then use the lost wax casting process.

There are several people in the comments arguing about fumes. They have not actually done this instructable, so they wouldn't know. Anyway, if you use solid lead free solder, there will not be any fumes. I know this from experience. Please, though, trust your own judgement and use common sense!

 
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Step 1: What You'll Need

IMG_6619.JPG
You will need:

-Sugru!

-Object to make a mold of

-Mineral Oil

-Tin Solder (or lead*) Make sure it's not acid core. If you use acid core, you will generate      hazardous fumes.

-Butane Torch

-Something to melt the metal in. I use a piece are firebrick carved into a bowl shape. You  could make your own out of Plaster of Paris, or a copper pipe endcap. Do not use clay or  ceramic.

-Mad Skillz

That's it!

*If you use lead, please make sure you are aware of the hazards. The MSDS for lead can be found here.
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noahspurrier says: May 14, 2013. 12:56 PM
Don't use a copper pipe endcap as a crucible or ladle. The pool of molten tin will disolve the copper walls of the cap and eventually spill out. While the melting point temperature of pure copper may be higher than your propane or butane torch, the melting point temperature of a copper/tin alloy is not. I have attached some photos that shows what happens when a small amount of tin is melted in copper. I used an ordinary propane torch with no additional oxygen.

An "iron bottom-pour casting ladle" is the best thing to use for this kind of work, but I just use a "4 inch cast iron DWV blind plug" as a crucible and ladle. I welded on steel rods for handles. DWV stands for "Drain Waste Vent". This kind of pipe is also sometimes called "Soil Pipe". Cast-iron DWV fittings are available at any hardware store. DWV fittings don't use threads. In the old days cast iron soil pipe was soldered together with big pools of lead. You can still find "plumbers ladles", which are perfect for tin. Also search for "cast-iron lead pots", "cast-iron lead dippers" and "bottom pour casting ladle".
copper_tin_1.jpgcopper_tin_2.jpgcopper_tin_3.jpgcrucible_2.jpg
ithica2012 says: Sep 24, 2012. 11:11 PM
oh sorry forgot vasaline (patroulem jelly) should not effect the casting
ithica2012 says: Sep 24, 2012. 11:08 PM
hi new here but try heating your mold in an oven till its bout 200 f should help a lot mettel binds up in cold molds
Rowen27 says: Jun 24, 2012. 2:43 PM
I realize this comment is extremely late, but in reading this, it occurs to me that the reason your castings are odd for the first few runs is likely due to the mineral oil used in the initial molding process... You might get better results if you use a degreaser in the mold before the first cast. This of course is all speculation on my part, so take it as you will... I'll be giving this instructable a try in the near future, so hopefully I will be able to get back to you with a definitive answer before long...
chamunks says: Dec 28, 2010. 7:17 PM
Would you not suggest using silver solder?
rickharris in reply to chamunksApr 25, 2012. 2:36 PM
It would be cheaper to buy silver casting grains - Silver solder is not pure and will contain other metals.

It would also be very expensive.
Foxtrot70 says: Jul 2, 2011. 7:17 AM
I like the Instructable. I find that I can use this info readily for a new employment I am about to start which involves prototyping and fabrication of obsolete parts. I also have a silver plated wine decanter set that needs two of three replacement stopper caps, fortunately I can use the remaining one as a my pattern, wish me luck.

As to concerns by folks about fumes, some are real and not immagined. The thing is for anyone do your homework on the materials you are using. Next there are Instructables that show how to build a power ventilated work area that address these very issues. If you have an old range hood vent these can easily be converted to provide a power ventilated work area. Remember, "Nothing, is not impossible... Nothing, just takes longer to accomplish." Keep up the good work!
rickharris in reply to Foxtrot70Apr 25, 2012. 2:34 PM
Be cautious - the solder is in fact largely lead with a small amount of tin added.

This would not be suitable for food use.
evindrews says: Jul 25, 2011. 5:21 PM
You know... I wonder if you could make key "molds" so if you lost your key to your house, you wouldn't need to buy a new key..?
rickharris in reply to evindrewsApr 25, 2012. 2:33 PM
The metal in use wouldn't be strong enough.
samark2586 says: Sep 5, 2011. 9:53 AM
Can anybody tell me what material should i use to make a mold for aluminium melting? I need a mold to be re-useble.
rickharris in reply to samark2586Apr 25, 2012. 2:32 PM
Sand casting? you don't say how big the mold is.
paqrat in reply to samark2586Dec 27, 2011. 11:32 PM
When the weather gets a bit warmer I plan to do aluminum casting using charcoal soldering blocks. You carve your design in one charcoal block, melt the metal directly in the mould you have created then use another block to force the metal into all the crevices of the mould. (place uncarved block on top of molten metal and push down) . You will want to make sure you have a stable work surface so that when you apply pressure you don't end up spilling the molten aluminum. Years ago, when I worked at a jewelry store I used this technique to cast gold jewelry so I think aluminum will be easy enough. I think the charcoal block would hold up to several castings but size may be a problem as the charcoal blocks I have seen were designed to do soldering on and were not overly large. If someone knows how to make a charcoal soldering block I'd sure like to hear how.
nepheron (author) in reply to samark2586Sep 5, 2011. 8:33 PM
For aluminum you will need to use some kind of clay or oil sand. Molten aluminum will destroy sugru.
curvy77 in reply to nepheronNov 25, 2011. 4:50 PM
doesent tin have a higher melting point? so why does aluminum destroy it but not tin?
nepheron (author) in reply to curvy77Nov 27, 2011. 9:07 AM
Nope, tin melts at 232 C and aluminum melts at 660 C.
curvy77 in reply to nepheronNov 27, 2011. 3:36 PM
but iv melted aluminum soda cans in a tin soup can before.
travisttt in reply to curvy77Nov 28, 2011. 2:32 PM
Most "tin cans" aren't really made of tin. Most modern soup cans are made of steel, which melts at approximately 1370 C.
tinker234 says: Mar 3, 2012. 9:56 PM
wow thanks is there a way i could use a tin soda can as a source of metal
rickharris in reply to tinker234Apr 25, 2012. 2:32 PM
Your soda can is either steel or Aluminium!
FrozenIce says: Oct 29, 2011. 10:26 AM
okay so i wanna make a mold for a hotwheels car, and i only need the top metal part. how do u sugest i do it using sugru?? (yes i will dismantle it first
klayla says: Aug 9, 2011. 2:00 AM
So you're casting with solder? That doesn't seem like a very good idea as solder tends to pit when casted. Just curious, interesting instructable though.
larryihnots says: Jul 2, 2011. 1:55 PM
Simple and motivating for beginners as I !! Definately on my way to the blog now. Thanks for your innovativness !.
imBobertRobert says: Jul 2, 2011. 1:05 PM
small skull bead is an understatement. look at that thing! its like the size of an led head!
jimmiek says: Oct 18, 2010. 8:31 PM
How high a temp will this material stand before it won't work (in degrees F please, I don't do Euro measurements)
rogermyers in reply to jimmiekJun 24, 2011. 3:36 PM
You can use google for many things including unit conversions. for instance if you type the following in to google's search bar; "204.44 degrees celcius into degrees fahrenheit" you will get the conversion. or go here for even more google awesomeness; http://www.google.com/help/features.html I even use google to translate languages into english, and if you use google chrome as your web browser, it will ask you if you would like a foreign website translated in the browser...... Hope this opens up some doors for you Jimmiek! Rog
nepheron (author) in reply to jimmiekOct 19, 2010. 5:26 AM
A naked flam will instantly wreck the Sugru.However, the Sugru website says it can withstand 400 degrees F or so. It certainly withstood molten metal being poured in...it's pretty tough stuff!
jwolfe-daimpré says: Jun 7, 2011. 1:51 AM
TIP: if you make semi-random cuts in the sugru to split it it'll go back together a lot more accurately!
stormende says: Nov 26, 2010. 1:17 PM
Nice ible, you got my vote.
rabiddemonweasel says: Oct 14, 2010. 4:17 PM
Man! That is awesome!!!! nice job!!!
handprints says: Oct 12, 2010. 7:01 PM
your clamp is adorable. did you make it? if so, how??
nepheron (author) in reply to handprintsOct 12, 2010. 7:16 PM
Yep, I made that clamp :D
A lot of my tools are handmade out of junk. It's sort of a fun challenge for me to figure out how to make a $20 set of tools out of junk or cheap parts instead of buying it :)

Anyway, here's a schematic of the clamp:
The brass rod is just soldered onto the end of the bolt, so I have some leverage.
clamp1.bmp
Mindhunt3r says: Oct 12, 2010. 7:05 AM
Got my vote :)
nepheron (author) in reply to Mindhunt3rOct 12, 2010. 9:54 AM
Thanks x1000!
Greasetattoo says: Oct 12, 2010. 5:12 AM
Hey Best Friend!
You got my vote!
nepheron (author) in reply to GreasetattooOct 12, 2010. 9:47 AM
best friends fo-eva!! :D Thanks!
darkclaw42 says: Oct 11, 2010. 7:33 PM
Great instructable!

I actually used this to make a bat keyring for a friend of mine, if you live in Austin TX, who really enjoyed the 'Bridge bats'. :)

Winner in my opinion!
michaelgohjs says: Oct 3, 2010. 1:59 AM
now i would predict this to be the winner..
but anyway i am sure you would at least be a finalist
rated 5 stars
nepheron (author) in reply to michaelgohjsOct 4, 2010. 4:52 AM
Thanks! I just need votes when voting starts, then I'll have myself a leatherman and some more sugru!!
sillyzombie666 in reply to nepheronOct 6, 2010. 4:37 PM
ya i'll vote for yours and i have 2 things in the contest
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