Pectin from Scratch by NoFiller
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Pectin causes jams and jellies to gel. When using a pectin poor fruit, pectin must be added or the result will be nothing more than a fruit syrup. I refuse to use store bought pectin because I think it takes the craft out of jam and jelly making. Usually I just add apple skins and cores to whatever I'm making, but I thought I'd give making my own pectin a try.

The basic method is to take a pectin rich fruit and extract the water soluble pectin by boiling it, then concentrating the liquid. Apples are a good source of pectin because they both contain a lot of pectin and have a relatively neutral flavour (as opposed to orange peels for instance).
 
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Step 1: Ingredients and tools

Pectin is concentrated in the cores and skins of all apples, and is especially strong in tart green apples. Using the cores and skins left over from making a pie is a great way to upcycle your scraps. For this instructable I used crabapples that didn't have enough flavour to bother with crabapple jelly.

Ingredients:
3 lb Apples
4 cups Water
2 Tbsp Lemon Juice

Unusual Tools:
Jelly bag/cheese cloth and strainer

I am using the basic method from www.pickyourown.org, a website with a lot of very helpful information.

ToniRose says: Jun 21, 2012. 8:38 AM
This is great! If you use whole apples, can you make applesauce from the "mush," or is too much of the flavor leached out? Or maybe as a fat substitute in lower-calorie baked goods (I've heard of this but never tried it).
pgwbali says: Jun 7, 2012. 1:24 AM
I made some marmalade, however I used only juice and peel so there wasn't enough pectin for the marmalade to set. If I make pectin using your instructable is necessary that I use the lemon juice in the recipe as I have already added it to the marmalade and the flavor is perfect I just need it to jell. Thanks.
susanrm says: Jul 29, 2011. 9:57 PM
This looks interesting, but I wonder if it would cause problems with my apple allergy. Any ideas?
bettyroug54 says: Sep 3, 2011. 10:13 AM
If you are allergic to apples my guess, would be that you have a Salicylate allergy. Can you take aspirin without any problem? If not, that would confirm your allergy. In this case you would not want to use apple pectin.

There is a pectin on the market that is totally organic in nature, made from citrus fruit (you can call them and see if there are any salicylates in the product)can be used with any type of sweetener (it does not require sugar to cause the jelling - it uses calcium) so you can use as little as 1/2 cup of any type of regular sweetener per batch like, agave, honey cane sugar, stevia, etc. It is called "Pamona's Universal Pectin" and is absolutely wonderful! It can be purchased in health food stores or you can buy online in bulk which is what I do. No more 7 cups of sugar to make the jelling take place, you don't even really have to use sweetener if the fruit is sweet enough for your taste, and you can make multiple batches all at once saving you lots of time. Comes out with a perfect jell every time. Give it a try. Here is the link http://www.pomonapectin.com/. You will probably have to copy and paste to your address bar.
susanrm says: Sep 3, 2011. 7:22 PM
Hi Betty,

It's been years since I've had aspirin, but my allergy is actually OAS - oral allergy syndrome. It's a crossover from tree pollen allergies (extreme in NY this spring), where suddenly I would have a bad reaction when eating fresh apples, peaches, pears, mulberries, cherries, dates - a whole bunch of tree fruits, but not all. The pectin sounds really nice, but I did buy some sugar-free pectin from Bell that sounds very similar to what you describe.
bettyroug54 says: Sep 3, 2011. 9:16 PM
Hi Susan:
Glad you were able to find a pectin you can use. I was reading an article about OAS on WebMD. Sound like you really need to be careful during pollen season. Best of luck to you!
Carbonfree Jenny says: Jul 30, 2011. 9:57 AM
Amazing guide! I can't wait to try this in the fall with the farmer's markets apple seconds. Seems like as long a you remove the nasty bits it would be fine.

Thanks so much!
bowow0807 says: May 23, 2011. 9:46 AM
hey can i use slightly overripe or slightly off apples? because we have here a lot of fruit venders here and im wondering if i can use the apples normally thrown away.
NoFiller (author) says: May 23, 2011. 10:34 AM
Fresh, under ripe apples have the most pectin, so old apples probably won't work very well. Most jam recipes point out that you should never use spoiled fruit, but whether this is for flavour or some other reason I'm not sure. If the apples are cheap you can always give it a try and see how it goes.

Over ripe and old apples can be used in pie and apple sauce, both of which can be frozen. Over ripe apples are also said to be good for cider making.
b1russell says: Feb 11, 2010. 3:07 PM
Thank you!  No more commercial (as in, don't know exactly what's in it!) pectin for me!  I have to try this.  P.S. Know any great recipes for grapefruit?  The tree is groaning!
NoFiller (author) says: Feb 14, 2010. 12:01 PM
I made some really good grapefruit sorbet a while ago. I don't have the recipe anymore but I seem to remember it was about equal parts sugar and grapefruit juice.
chiok says: Dec 11, 2009. 3:30 AM
I'm currently running through the same process for making chilli jelly, by using bramley apples boiled and strained and mixed with sugar and chilli.

For those that don't have a cheesecloth or jelly bag, I use two blue dishclothes, the thin type similar to a hospital examination gown or that napkin you get at the dentist.  Two clothes dunked in boiling water to sterilise, then lay one over the other in cross, line a pan with it, pour in the apples, then gather up the ends of the cloth and tie with string.  Then I lay a broomstick across two chairs, put a bowl between the chairs and tie the bag to the broom.

Dish clothes aren't as sturdy as a cheesecloth, but more readily available and do a similar job.
shmacky26 says: Oct 26, 2009. 6:52 AM
 Great instructable, but two questions, 1, for crab apples, should I peel and core them, and just cook the peels and the cores, or is the whole apple cut up ok?  Also, will my jams and jellies taste like crabapple?
Thanks!
NoFiller (author) says: Oct 26, 2009. 12:06 PM
There's no harm in throwing the flesh of the apple in, unless you were going to use it for something else. With crabapples I'm not sure what that could be. They say that the flesh of the apple has less concentrated pectin than the skins, but I think it still has a decent amount.

"Will my jams and jellies taste like crabapple?"
Yes, but that's not necessarily a problem. I bought the crabapples I used in the pictures to make crabapple jelly but when I got home they had no flavour at all: terrible for jelly but ideal for making pectin. If your crabapples have a strong flavour you could either embrace the flavour and use it to accent a sweet berry flavour (blackberry and crabapple sounds really tasty) or find some apples with a milder flavour. Also concider that even fairly flavourful apples are easily overpowered by other fruits.
shmacky26 says: Nov 3, 2009. 8:18 AM
 Great stuff, thanks.  I have under an acre of land and try to use it as much as I can, I was going to cut down the crab apple trees as I only use them for compost, but now I think I'll keep them.  
NoFiller (author) says: Nov 10, 2009. 9:29 PM
That's really cool. Let me know how it turns out  :D
bero2 says: Oct 26, 2009. 7:32 AM
Hey, really nice guide! I bet it will help a lot more than just adding a bit of lemon or orange juice to my jams.

Could you clarify this line for me? I can't get what you're trying to say.

"a few minutes of boiling will concentrate bother the pectin, and the flavour and may push it over the edge to gelling. "
NoFiller (author) says: Oct 26, 2009. 12:14 PM
Well for one thing 'bother' should be 'both'. But the idea I was trying to get across is that when you make jelly ordinarily (with high pectin fruits) you end up boiling it for a while to evaporate some of the water and increase the sugar and pectin concentrations (also concentrate the flavour). So when you're adding your homemade pectin don't be afraid to let it boil to get rid of some water, because unlike store bought pectin you won't know exactly how much to put in.

Does that clarify it? I know what I'm trying to say but I'm not sure I can say it.
andycyca says: Oct 26, 2009. 6:53 AM
Marvelous! Time for scavenging those jam recipes!
rimar2000 says: Oct 26, 2009. 5:03 AM
THANKS! I didn't know this could be done at home.
Weissensteinburg says: Oct 25, 2009. 9:46 PM
This is a great instructable! I love making things for scratch that we normally take for granted.
NoFiller (author) says: Oct 25, 2009. 10:59 PM
Thanks Weis.. Weisse...Mr. W
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