Run AC Tools on Batteries Directly, without an Inverter

Run AC Tools on Batteries Directly, without an Inverter
The secret: Just do it. They're designed for that.
Nearly all power tools use a "universal" brushmotor that doesn't care if it gets AC or DC.
All you have to do is put 4 or more 12volt batteries in series and plug your tool in. I usually like to run my tools on about 70 volts DC (five batteries). They're a lot quieter that way and still have enough power.
If you want more power, just add more batteries. I think the gearbox of a circlesaw chatters less when it's running on DC. The batteries don't need to be nearly as healthy as what you'd need to power the same tools through an inverter.

Warning: All the warnings about tools, batteries, and electricity apply. If you want to get hurt you'll find a way, just like you would have without all this expert guidance.

Here I'm using a totally motley assortment of scrap batteries wired in series with my car battery.
If you have mismatched batteries the weak one will discharge first and need to be removed.
A lead acid battery is dead at 10.5 or 11 volts. Recharge then or it could stay dead.
You'll have to monitor them with a multimeter and write on the batteries with a sharpie so you remember what to expect.
I'm using one or more wimpy radioshack alligator clip cables, which make a decent fuse.
Don't try to put your solarpanels in series with your batteries for extra voltage. They can't deliver the starting current your motor needs. When the motor stalls that puts the whole series voltage across the solar panel which can be bad. The same effect means you want to take the weak battery out of the series as soon as the tool starts feeling weak.

To learn more about the junk battery powertool lifestyle, see the next Step.
 
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Step 1Happiness

Happiness
Here's my workshop. I'm at a free campground in the Everglades getting ready for a trip into the swamp. It's winter, which is the dry season. So it's 68 degrees and sunny most days. The pond is full of fish and alligators. Some of the alligators have been fed by people, which adds excitement to the situation.

Find free campgrounds with the Free Campground Directory.

My sun awning here is a mirrored "survival blanket" over a camo tarp. Don't bother with that, just get a real opaque silver tarp from CampingWorld. Home Depot, Lowes, etc. only carry the fake ones that make a solar oven that costs as much and won't prevent sunburn.

I do my cooking in a pressure cooker over a hobo stove. I don't have to watch the food cuz it won't burn before the fire dies down. I boil a dozen eggs or some fish stew on the bottom while I steam-bake a big bagel from my own dough in a stainless bowl floating ontop that. I grow my own sprouts for vegetables or eat the herbs that locals show me. So I don't need groceries and can stay away from towns a long time.

Every couple of days I'll drive a couple of miles til I have cell coverage and check my email to see if my life is still simple. I use my cellphone as a USB modem. My service is an old plan from Tmobile with a Motorola V188 phone. If I've been doing a lot of woodwork I'll gang up my batteries to recharge in parallel during the drive.

I sit in my comfy recliner in the shade and make cad drawings of Indonesian sailing canoes on my laptop. Solar panels charge my assortment of desulphated scrap batteries using bundles of christmastree lightbulbs as current regulators. I sip sun tea and nibble sprouts and a bagel with fish stew.

Colorful characters see my low-stress setup and come greet me like a long lost friend. They offer me beer and before long they're teaching me how to tune a spritsail like they did growing up in a Jamaican fishing village, or telling me what it was like to be imprisoned in "The Tombs" ("No privacy man! The worst!").
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76 comments
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Mar 7, 2010. 6:55 AMuberdeity says:
A lot of electronic devices work from switched mode power supplies, which would work fine from a suitable-voltage DC supply; the first thing they do is rectify and smooth the incoming voltage so that it can be inverted again, so a DC supply would just pass straight through to the inverting stage.

Beware, though- if it's a transformer or motor coil that you're connecting to the battery, you'll just short out the battery and probably damage your transformer/motor coil.
Mar 7, 2010. 10:14 PMliquidhandwash says:
I havent left any thing on dc that didnt work, on for any lenght of time, ops  that doest work unplug it.  it has cause no damage yet. I agree if you left it plugged in it would proabley over heat and die. It doesn't short out the batterers, or cause an damage to just check if it works, well not that Ive found so far.

Mar 8, 2010. 3:55 AMuberdeity says:
You'll be okay for a few seconds, but DC through a transformer coil or motor winding is pretty much just a short if left for more than a few seconds. Well, more a few-ohms resistor placed across it than a short.

A car battery shouldn't sustain any damage for short periods- they're designed to provide hundreds of amps for a short time during starting the car. Just don't go off to find the manual with a non-working device hooked up to the battery!

Using non-lead acid batteries (i.e. if someone tried using a NiCad or Li-Ion pack from another device), you run the risk of serious damage to your batteries if you're hooking it up to a low-resistance coil.
Nov 29, 2010. 7:47 PMhintss says:
all batteries are, IIRC, capable of providing infinnite current. its the duration that it can do that that matters.

as a sidenote, I my brother once shorted 2 AAs in series for about a minute without anything bat happening
Dec 17, 2011. 10:10 AMschumi23 says:
ok, this is a bit late, but that would be because double AA's also provide only 3 volts(2 of them) and it wont to anything. however if it was even jsut 2 nine volt batterys, you woulda seen alot of heating up.
Jun 18, 2010. 5:30 PMEmmettO says:
I had seen a set up a long time ago (maybe on instructables?) where a guy used a circular saw and a few batteries to make an electric bike. Maybe it was you? I was going to try running my electric weed trimmer on a car battery but according to this, i'd prolly need several, which would be less than ideal. I wonder if 76 D cells in a bandoleer would have enough juice? Oh the horror!
Nov 29, 2010. 7:45 PMhintss says:
IDK, but someone used like 40 AA batteries to power a laptop for like a few minutes
Jun 19, 2010. 10:05 PMpetre says:
petre says: im an old timer electrician also. a DC or AC device draws current from the source. so, it doesn't matter how much current the source can provide it won't damage the device. if you draw more current than the source can produce the voltage will drop and overheat. a fuse is a current device. think about it. your batt is rated at what? and your tail light bulb is rated at .5 amp no way are you going to burn out that bulb. it will burn out if you over volt it.
Jun 21, 2010. 5:30 PMjules15 says:
So you could hook up an LED with 1.3 volts and 10 amps and it will be fine?
Nov 29, 2010. 7:43 PMhintss says:
it won't pull 10 amps: either the 10 amps figure is a maximum, on the current source is like a solar panel, and has a voltage/current curve that would cause it to overvolt
Jun 24, 2010. 1:01 PMMaXoR says:
Simpler analogy: Volts are like the size of a river coming off a lake. Current is how much water is in that lake, available to flow down the river. So with that in mind, you can float a small boat, or big boat.... both can float in the river, but an oceanliner is too large for the river, need a larger river.... however your lake would run out quicker because of the larger river needing more water to flow at the same speed. (And that is the calculation of wattage) If anyone needs help with my explanation..... ask!
Jun 21, 2010. 8:08 PMpetre says:
petre says: jules as long as your batt is 1.3 volts you can do it. the current is whats available. think about it . my house breaker box is rated at 200 amps current 120 volts. if i have nothing turned on but a lamp it will not burn out. the lamp draws current from the breaker box. key word here is DRAWS current.
Jun 21, 2010. 8:08 PMpetre says:
petre says: jules as long as your batt is 1.3 volts you can do it. the current is whats available. think about it . my house breaker box is rated at 200 amps current 120 volts. if i have nothing turned on but a lamp it will not burn out. the lamp draws current from the breaker box. key word here is DRAWS current.
Aug 31, 2006. 7:28 PMWade Tarzia says:
That's the life! If you are taking requests (and I'm still hoping to see "how to build a proa on the Majuro Atol beach with epoxy and dead vegetation") then I'm wondering if we could see an Instructable or two on Swamp Recipes -- i.e, how did you make your fish stew exactly? And etc.
Sep 2, 2006. 9:39 AMWade Tarzia says:
Did you bring your adz with you and use it a lot? (would seem to be a good swamp tool) I saw a whole box of old adzes at the Wood Boat Show last week but they were rather large two-handed ones and very pricey; reluctantly I dragged myself away. Hard to find a used/antique one-handed carpenter's adz.
Jun 28, 2010. 9:15 AMacmefixer says:
A pickaxe has an axe on one end.  I think you meant a pick mattock. See here for an example.
Nov 29, 2010. 7:41 PMhintss says:
apparently not: look up pickaxe on wikipedia
Sep 17, 2006. 9:52 AMWade Tarzia says:
I have an antique cooper's adz, a bit too far gone to use except as conversation piece (though I have no problem with using a sound antique tool otherwise -- what is an antique, for that matter?). I was looking at a bowl-making adz at a local woodworker's shop. Saw the same ones in a catalog, and it said "honing required." The same brand at the shop had an 'edge' that was at least 1/16 thick -- more like "major grinding" required. I was pretty pissed and glad I didn't order it unseen. Yes, by all means, do an adz Instructable. Speak a little more about the one Mau Pialug made on your other site.
Jan 10, 2007. 11:10 PMpfred1 says:
I always wanted to make an adze out of an axe head. I do have a couple of adzes now, but they are difficult to come by. Axes on the other hand, its like they grow on trees or something. It sounds like a fun forging project to me. Maybe I'll get around to it someday.
Jan 18, 2007. 2:04 PMWade Tarzia says:
That would solve the problem of the handle-hole and steel quality, if you want to spend time forging (I have forged two things: a letter opener from a horse shoe under the guidance of a blacksmith, and then I went right home and used my Dad's acetylene torch to forge a Roman short sword (don't ask me why, I was much younger then!). Lot's of fun. Forge in the darkness to see the proper color of the glowing steel best). The problem I have had with non-tapered adz-handle holes is that the handles loosen up fast because the forces on the adz are slightly 'outward' (centrifugal?). I drilled a hole through mine and set in a nail for safety. The better handle holes are tapered in toward hand, which tightens the connection in use.
Jan 24, 2007. 5:29 PMpfred1 says:
Hmmm a tapered hole to hold the handle, that sounds like a good idea. All of this will have to wait until I have a forge setup at my new place though. It'll be worth it, the prices for specialty woodworking tools are obscene!
Jun 18, 2010. 5:23 PMEmmettO says:
If anyone wants an adz, I can make one out of a masonry hammer in my forge. Or If you want a different size let me know. . .
Sep 28, 2010. 7:54 AMmaevonnie says:
Oh my! That would be so cool to not have to use and inverter. They really can be the pits sometimes, like on the awnings at my house, they are retractable, and they need an inverter in order to run properly, which is such a pain!
Jan 24, 2010. 3:53 AMliquidhandwash says:
Thanks Tim for this great instructable, In this part of the world everything is 240 volts so I wire up 18 batteries and started pluging in everything I could find, Computer, Printer, flat screen tv, dvd, playstation, VCR, compact florescent lights, Phone and laptop chargers, switch mode battery charge. I found that as long as it doesn't have a transformer or an induction motor almost everything works.The stuff that doesnt work doesn't go bang it just wont go, no damage done.( I had a laser printer that threw a fit and jammed the paper but no damage) Do you have any problems with the switches arcing or burning out? I havent as yet but everyone says I will.
Jan 5, 2010. 3:00 AMabadfart says:
i miss my Datsun he could take anything you did except girlfriend's driving
Jul 13, 2009. 5:20 PMMtalus says:
OK, so I'm 2 or 3 years late with a post. I hope this is still useful to someone. I run universal motor power tools from my truck alternator all the time. (I started doing this when the cost of an inverter with the needed capacity was very costly. Thankfuly this has changed now. ) My trucks alternator has an external regulator, so I can unplug the regulator and plug a jumper wire directly to the F (field) terminal of the alt. I replaced the output stud nut with a wing nut to allow quick disconnect of the battery from the alternators' output. I have an old extension cord end (12ga) that was cutoff early in it's life. I attached two heavy alligator clamps to the wires. Both have inline fuses. To use, with the engine off, I unplug the regulator and attach the jumper wire to the F spade. I detach the output wire and ensure that it cannot short to anything (it's other end is still hooked to the positive of the battery-be careful). I then hook the extension cord clamps to the output stud and ground. I double check that no wires are in danger of contact with moving parts and start the engine (I have everything wire tied in place and just connect/disconnect as needed). Then I connect the other end of the field jumper to a 12v positive (my truck has a grounded field). At idle I get about 35v with full current at 12v through the field. I then plug in a voltmeter to the plug end and increase the engine speed to get the voltage I need and hold the speed with a clamp on the linkage. My alternator tops out at about 135v. This is LEATHAL. Be careful. Potential problems: 1. Did I mention leathal voltages? Be very careful. 2. It's dangerous and embarrassing to have your car take off with a clamp on the throttle linkage. Make sure it is not and can not be put in gear. 3. The diodes in the alternator may not be able to handle the higher voltage but they are easy to replace with upgrades. 4. The engine's ignition system and the alternator's field are now draining a battery that isn't being recharged and may go dead if used too long. 5. Remember to reconnect the alternator when done. It's a hassle to get a jump when the battery goes dead at a later date because you forgot. 6. I'm certain there are other things that I just haven't had the pleasure to experience yet, so be careful...didn't I say that already? A good online alternator resource is "alternator secrets". Just do a search and you should find it. Sorry for the novella length.
Jul 14, 2009. 7:49 PMMtalus says:
No pictures, sorry. I've been weaning myself off of electronics and now only use the library's computer. It kicks me off after an hour and rescues the rest of my day from surfing. Is there a 12 step program for this? I wish I had a good picture to post as it would add important info. I also have on-board air from a York auto air conditioning compressor. The compressor I used is from a '69 Mustang. It's made from cast iron and must weigh 50lbs! The aluminum units from mid '80s Volvos are half the weight. Having air, welding and power available on a mobile platform is very nice. I believe that there is an Instructable on adding air and welding; and he posted video. For welding I added an auxiliary alternator that I converted from Y to delta. The conversion lowers the peak voltage by the sq. rt. of 3, (1.73) and raises the current by the same; i. e. 60 amps to 100 amps. If I had been thinking straight at the time I would have brought all of the leads out from the stator windings so that I could switch from Y to delta and back externally. The unit as configured puts out about 80v peak. My angle grinders run fine at that voltage, so I can weld and grind with the same alt. Another benefit of two alternators is reducing the risk of "blowing" a vital unit of the vehicle. No one wants to get stuck at a jobsite, unless perhaps it's at a resort or something. One more comment: If using a string of batteries in series it's a good idea to use batteries of similar capacity to help avoid overheating one and having a nasty accident. That said I weld with 3 batteries in series, with an inductor, and am quite happy. I still have both eyes and most of my clothes are free of acid holes. Monitor them closely and don't let them heat up.
Jul 28, 2009. 4:15 PMMtalus says:
Sadly, it's most often used to run a hedge trimmer or something equally glamorous and excitig. I remain optimistic though, not to mention it was fun to cobble it together in the first place. See what I mean? I just spell checked and see that I misspelled exciting. Fruedian slip of tig I'm sure.
Sep 20, 2008. 4:56 AMpanstar1 says:
IF your going to be putting that many Lead Acid battery's in series (very bad Idea ) you should put a fuse in there ,or you will be swimming in sulfuric acid and shreaded battery parts if there is a short. Of course if you like the smell of lead acid battery's exploding ,you could just hook up 10 and watch the to end battery's find a new home in a million peaces !!! But really be careful acid in your eyes is not the same as soap in your eyes. There are kits you can buy that can supply you with 120 & welding options by simply running off of the alternator in your truck. & they have come down in price since they first came out so if you only power for a short time I would go that route it is better than carrying battery's around all the time ,even hooking the kit to a small tyota engine could work they don't use very much gas and there cheap there the only thing that is still in one peace !!!
Dec 4, 2007. 7:08 PMjohn_shaheen says:
Tim; I'm an old time elec tech.. I could be wrong (But I won't admit it} But when you have AC the formula for impedance includes the frequcey {60 Hz) of the AC going through the windings of the motor. If you have no AC freq and you have an unlimited curent source such as large DC battries you have almost unlimited current going through your tool. It will work on DC but be careful to limit the DC voltage and current or poof spark spark!
Jul 15, 2008. 12:02 AMstatic says:
I'm certain there will not be unlimited current. The back EMF(ElectroMotive Force) limits the current in DC motors, as it does on all DC motors. Think about it. The modern automobile, is full of electric motors that operate with to external current limiting means, other than an over current protection fuse.
Nov 5, 2007. 4:10 PMsmokehill says:
I've saved several of my cordless drills just to run directly off car batteries, eventually. As others may have noticed, a few years after you buy your nice cordless drill (saw, whatever), the company -- even big brands like DeWalt -- don't have replacement batteries. I know you can split the battery case and replace the cells, but it's sometimes tricky if it's a heat-sealed battery. Recycling these tools as 12v-direct seems like a simple recycle. I figure just splicing a 20-foot cord with a couple of clamps appropriate to the battery posts will yield a useful, "corded" tool away from home. Probably soldering is the sensivble way to attach inside the tool's handle. I have a couple of drivers who carry 14 or 18v cordless drills for repairs of my rental equipment, and this is my next effort to supply them power without the hassle of running out of juice mid-job. I suspect that running the tools with the engine idling won't affect the level of charge very much. I suppose one could use a cigarette ltr adapter instead of clamps, buy I like the idea of the juice coming thru BIG wires.
May 15, 2008. 8:03 PMYerboogieman says:
i saw that kipkay laptop battery thing and mine was a heat-sealed battery, which sucked
Mar 26, 2008. 2:37 PM_soapy_ says:
You'll get about 11 to 13V from the car battery when the engine is off, and normally 14.4V when the engine is running. Always useful if you need that little bit more power. I run my key machine off a battery pack and inverter, then back into a car charger, as I can then access ~12V or 13V or 14.4V easily, which boosts the power when cutting big steel blanks down.
Aug 31, 2006. 4:48 PM0.775volts says:
GORGEOUS. Simply gorgeous. That's really about all I have to say. unfortunately, My portable supply requires an inverter, as it's feeding a supply that creates 36v balanced ac (18 on either side, I guess it could be called two phase?). anyway, it's for a sound board, so I have to keep a pretty clean voltage. which sucks 'cause i'd love to cut 90 of the weight (the batteries) out of my backpack thunderstorm recording rig. completely off topic, but few things are nicer than a thunderstorm when you're in the middle of the woods.
Oct 14, 2007. 4:47 PM_soapy_ says:
If you want a clean voltage, you want to get yourself 3 lead-acid batteries and wire them to get +/-18 volts. You will have no supply noise at all! Only issue is that it would be DC.
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Author:TimAnderson
Tim Anderson is the author of the "Heirloom Technology" column in Make Magazine. He is co-founder of www.zcorp.com, manufacturers of "3D Printer" output devices. His detailed drawings of traditional ...
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