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Screen Printing: Cheap, Dirty, and At Home

Screen Printing: Cheap, Dirty, and At Home
You don't have to spend a ton of money on equipment or have a screen printing studio to make some pretty good quality prints.

I taught some friends how to reuse old picture frames and curtains to make screens, burn them in the sun, and clean them with a garden hose. While we were at it we took some pictures so we could share the lesson with you.



 
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Step 1Gather up Your Materials

Gather up Your Materials
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Materials you will need include:

  • The image you want to use. The best is to have your image photocopied onto a transparency at maximum darkness. You can also paint or draw with white out on transparent plastic (cellophane wrap or clear packaging from toys work). Another option is to make a cut-out with dark-colored construction paper or to lay some flat object (pieces of lace are nice) on the screen. Objects that aren't flat (skeleton keys, for example) can also work, but you have to move the screen around in that case to avoid a shadow.

You want your image on the transparency to be super dark because the image won't transfer to the screen if light gets through. If you want subtlety and shading you can do it with dots, like a newspaper image. In this instructable we're keeping it simple and only printing one color. Very fine lines are not recommended with this technique. Start out with something big and bold and then start experimenting.

  • Wooden picture frames which are completely flat on the front surface. You can find these in all kinds of sizes at the Goodwill or Salvation Army or at garage sales for about a dollar each. You will also be using the pieces of glass that come in the frames. You will need a piece of glass from a frame smaller than the frame you use to make your screen.
  • An old, gauzy curtain. Color doesn't matter, but it does need to be in reasonably good condition. It can't have too many holes. The more tightly woven the curtain, the more fine your print can be, but you can get pretty nice results with any gauzy old thing. I keep my eye open for these at thrift stores and yard sales.
  • A piece of black or dark-colored fabric big enough to put the frame on.
  • A staple gun and staples. Don't get staples that are too long or they'll poke out through the frame. Even that isn't such a big deal, but it's preferable to not have sharp little metal points sticking out along the inside of your screen.
  • Photosensitive goo and activator. Speedball is the most common brand you will find for this at the art store. You need the emulsion and the activator and they come in two different bottles which you have to mix together. Don't bother with the screen cleaner. If you want to reunse the same screen for other designs, you can get screen cleaner.
  • I recommend buying an art squeegie specially for screen printing. You can get along without one, but it's a lot easier to print with this tool than to do it with a hunk of cardboard. But in a pinch, the hunk of cardboard will work, too. The lip of a box works best because it has a good straight edge and is rigid yet flexible.
  • Sceen Printing ink. You can get this at the art supplies store. I have also printed on wood with acrylic paint and gotten good results.
  • Masking tape
  • Old cereal boxes or similar kinds of cardboard scrap. You'll want to have a little supply of pieces of thin cardboard around. They are super useful for all kinds of things, like scraping ink off sreens and putting it back in the jar.
  • Old newspaper to protect the surfaces you're working on
  • If you are printing t-shirts you'll need paper to put inside the shirt when you print so that the ink doesn't bleed through the side you're printing on all the way through to the other side. I use regular printer paper for this, but old newspaper would work fine.
  • A garden hose. It's best to have an attachment on the hose that shoots the water out with some pressure, but you can get away with not having one. I have used the scratchy side of a kitchen sponge to help me get the emulsion off while spraying the screen with the hose. It damages the screen a little, but it works. Just rubbing with your hand even helps.
  • An old rag for spills
  • Clothes you don't care about. You're going to mess up your clothes.
  • A garden hose, the more pressure the better, but you can by without an attachment if you have to.

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430 comments
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Mar 28, 2012. 8:09 PMstinastar says:
I'm an art teacher with teenagers with no $$ available to us in this economy. I wonder if you know of a cheap way to make a class set of frames?Also approximately how long does it take for the screen to be out in the sunshine? 10 min, 10 hours -?
Apr 13, 2012. 7:06 AMJinxed_Girl2000 says:
I looked up other ways to screen print that may be more cost effective when first starting out. Here's one way to make your own screen for printing without having to buy a bunch of stuff and go through the hard work of using light to create a silkscreen.
First off, go to the dollar store and get a wooden picture frame or try walmart for the frame or see if they have embroidery hoops that are the correct size and are cheap. Then all you need is ink or fabric paint, sizzlers or razor blade to cut the design, paper, screen, tape, and a squeegie tool of some sort and something to print onto (T-shirt or whatever). http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2010/may/11/how-to-screen-print-tshirts-at-home
Apr 13, 2012. 7:05 AMJinxed_Girl2000 says:
I love the idea of using curtains... this sounds like a great idea!
Apr 1, 2012. 4:52 AMMashiur says:
i want video tutorial about How mix Sodium dycromat & glue for Screenprint.
Mar 26, 2012. 7:13 PMcladyire says:
Where did you put the acetate or transparencies?ate the back or front?..
Mar 26, 2012. 7:08 PMcladyire says:
Hi , Can I use the glass of the picture frame in exposing the screen printing in the sun?
Feb 22, 2012. 5:52 PMLark Writeress says:
Should I get the Speedball screen filler or screen drawing fluid for the photo emulsion?
Thanks-- this sounds so cool!
Any other website that sells photo emulsion?
Feb 10, 2012. 1:51 AMlollee says:
fantastic. Thank you for that information - I wanted to do some screen printing but thought it would be too expensive - I cant wait to give it a go now!
Mar 18, 2011. 12:05 PMthen-comes-dudley says:
I realize the purpose is "do it as cheaply as possible," but there are some improvements that you can make that won't really affect cost.

1) For starters, instead of using picture frames, I recommend going to Home Depot and getting a big 2x2. They can be cut to size for frames VERY easily, and once they've been sealed (I used shellac on the most recent one I made), they'll last forever. In high school, this is how my teacher made frames, and I always got excellent results with them.

2) I can't attest to the quality of the curtain, but for really detailed prints, try this: https://www.graphicchemical.com/shopdisplayproducts.asp?id=482&cat=Fabrics+and+Acetate++
A 1-yard piece of the $11 fabric will give you 6 - 8 8x10" screens. I made a big 18x24" one, and still have enough left over for about 2 others of the same size. I don't know how much it costs with shipping, since I'm lucky enough to live right by these guys. But the quality of the material is excellent.

Nov 10, 2011. 10:13 PMbeebek says:
Didnt found the emulsion like "Diazo Photo Emulsion". But found some kinda orange crystalline material. The shopkeeper told me that it is the stuff that screenprinter guyz asks for. But the shopkeeper guy dont know which chemical to mix the crystalline material with to prepare the emulsion. Dont wanna mess myself with mixing the chemicals....
Can somebody please post what kind of chemicals are used for making the photo emulsion !!
Nov 12, 2011. 12:27 AMbeebek says:
Yesterday I found out that the crystalline material was dichromate. Now what another chemical to mix with the dichromate....any Idea...??
Sep 27, 2011. 3:14 PMmurtaza121 says:
miss tracy i have one little problem we dont have emulsion in our country and its very expensive to import things rather we have some thing called alco (I hope i am spelling it right) and the sensitizer. the alco is a white paste (like white glue) the sensitizer an orangish sort of liquid. is it the same thing that u have described here ?
Nov 1, 2011. 2:55 AMmirabid says:
sa murtuza.. if u ur living in karachi pakistan then i can suggest u some places for all the material...
Nov 1, 2011. 4:24 PMmurtaza121 says:
yeah tht wud be awsum where is it?
Feb 12, 2010. 2:48 PMmscott531 says:
It said this needs be exposed in the sun. However, you can buy plant grow lights at Lowe's and HomeDepot (less than $10.00). I bet this would expose the screens. Has anyone tried this?
-Mandy
Aug 21, 2011. 9:51 AMtikiprinting says:
if your looking to "burn" screens the best way to do it cheap is to get a work light from home depot they give off uv rays and depending on the distance from the screen you can have one done in about 7 min. if you want more instruction on how to build one of these you get get in touch with me through my web site www.tikiprinting.com
Jul 19, 2011. 12:43 PMThe Papier Boy says:
You can use a 150watt lightbulb instead of the sun. Lightbulb costs a few bucks.
Jul 28, 2011. 9:37 PMbhusgen says:
Wow, this is great! I have been wanting to make tags for items that I sell, and I think that I'm going to try and pull this off---way less money than having them made, and I love to try new things!!!! Thanks sooooo much for the info and tips! Can't wait to try and convince my husband to let me do this!!
Mar 11, 2007. 7:11 PMalmateus says:
it may be interesting to know that the "emulsion" is white glue with a dye (that´s why it may be green or blue) and the sensitizer is potassium dichromate (wash your hands after using, toxic). It is the same process as in the old photographic method with dichromate and gum, but it uses the glue to close the screen.
Jun 27, 2011. 7:13 PMlindamermaid says:
What ratio of glue to sensitizer works best?
Jun 28, 2011. 5:36 AMalmateus says:
they say to use 9 parts of glue to 1 of the sensitizer. I have never determined the concentration of the dichromate in the sensitizer, but if you use the store bought solution, that is the ratio.
Jun 3, 2011. 11:16 AMtnydul says:
The emulsion is just regular white glue with dye? and the sensitizer is just a potassium dichromate solution? Is there anything else to this? It seems like this should be easy enough to make on my own. Luckily I'm a chemistry teacher so I have the ability to order K2Cr2O7 easily enough.
Oct 25, 2011. 8:03 PMlbotalon says:
i dont know how this guys were talking about.. can you explain to me what is the emulsion and its use,, and the synthesizer???
Oct 6, 2011. 1:27 AMlcherry says:
do you have to mix the potassium dichromate with water? also, what kind of glue do you use?
Oct 6, 2011. 5:54 AMalmateus says:
the glue is just regular white glue. You can prepare a solution of the dichromate in water. Since the glue is water based, you can mix it with the dichromate solution.
Jun 3, 2011. 12:40 PMalmateus says:
yes! I am a chemistry teacher too. I have done it with white glue and dichromate many times. The dichromate crosslinks the polymeric chains of the glue, making it insoluble. Cool project to work with the students, and they get to choose the design they want to put on the t-shirt.
Jun 2, 2011. 5:55 AMlouisathelast says:
Hey, thanks for this! I bought a screen printing kit and nowhere in the instructions did it tell you what side to put the transparency on...or that you could use sunlight in less than a minute instead of using a 150 watt bulb for an HOUR. I just did it, and it worked perfectly. I have a few shadows from the glass and the frame, but those should be easy enough to patch up. Thank you!
May 3, 2011. 9:24 AMcrexin says:
This is great! We've been trying to figure out the best DIY method for making our staff T-shirts for Maker Festival and this looks like it will work perfectly. Thanks for the great instructable!
Apr 24, 2011. 4:44 PMben2million says:
Hi Tracy. I really love your stag transparency. Do you by any chance have a digital copy you'd like to send me? : ) ...
Nov 26, 2009. 3:19 AMastriduntu says:
 hi - i really do hope someone can help me on how to clean the screen... i guess i left my "burnt" screen too long. i did the stencil probably a good 4 weeks ago. i put it inside a thick carton box (the ones that you get if you buy paper in bulk) - i've never got into one of those, but i reckon it's dark and light-safe in there. today i tried to clean the screen - i used the fotec remover paste (the blue paste) but it didn't remove all of the photo emulsion on the screen. in the past i've tried to remove the little bits of photo emulsion using acetone - but it doesn't seem to work this time. can anyone help with this?
Mar 22, 2011. 9:59 AMcherlmas says:
try soaking your screen in bleach a non brand name will do the same. place your screen flat in a tray or plastic tray big enought to fit the screen pour enough bleach to cover the screen and let it soak for about 20 to 30 minutes then rinse out you might half to scrub a little bit on some parts but it should do thats what I do when I use emulsion and want to reuse the screen that didn't turn out good. it is a whole lot cheaper and you get more than the expensive stuff you buy at art stores.
Mar 12, 2011. 5:16 PMlbrownlee says:
I have just put my emulsion on my screens but that was like 2 hours ago and they are nowhere near dry! How long should they take! Help!
Feb 2, 2011. 6:02 AMsbryer10 says:
i just made my own screen using this method and its turned out well but from reading some comments im wondering wil this really turn out well? plus is it realy nesessary to coat the screen with emulsion both sides
Feb 18, 2011. 5:31 PMBrandedScreenPrinting says:
You may be able to get away with only coating one side of the screen for short runs of shirts or with black ink, but the the stencil thickness is important for using white ink, thicker ink or for longer runs of shirts. When it comes down to it, the emulsion is only an extra couple cents to coat the other side, so you are really not gaining anything by not coating both sides. We use the round side of the scoop coater for printing on low mesh screens and for using thicker inks and the sharp side for higher mesh (195 and above) or for black and thin inks.
Jan 1, 2011. 2:41 AMKpradnya says:
Dear Sir/Madam,

Please tell me How can i statr a new small printing industry at home.
Dec 26, 2010. 11:59 AMCrystalDyes says:
Cotton doesn't release dye, paint or ink very well. What you need is a 100% polyester sheer curtain to give a better print since it doesn't absorb the printing material. Real silkscreen mesh is made from the 100% poly for the same reason. I make my own screens and use curtains that I buy in a thriftstore for next to nothing. I do find that I need to tug on them to make sure they haven't been sun-rotted. Sometimes, I can even find a new package of sheers that someone donated. I've given myself whiplash trying to grab them and get them into my cart before anyone else can! I use alot of picture frames myself if the front is flat wood like some of the frames from Ikea. The other frame material I use is artist's stretcher bars. Sometimes I fine them in yard sales/thrift shops with a canvas painting attached. The canvas is easily removed, the bars come apart for polyurethane-ing and then having the fabric stretched on it. For what I do, the fabric does not have to be as tight as it would for a professional silk screen shop.

I learned how to make these from Kerr Grabowski who is an art quilter and teaches classes on Deconstructed Screen Printing with thickened dyes.
Jan 20, 2010. 10:53 AMteraluna says:
 Hi,
I am trying to burn my own screens.  I have 3 florescent 20 watt  bulbs.  Not black light bulbs.  I can't seem to figure out how long to burn the screens for after many attemps.  The fine details are staying on the screen.  Can anyone advise me on how long to burn the screen?

Tera
Nov 9, 2010. 12:59 PMaonegraphx says:
Sometimes it is worth it to buy a used exposure unit instead of burning your screens in the sun or making your unit by yourself. Most of your quality boils down to exposure of your screens. Especially if you are talking multi colored designs or stuff with halftones.

If you are getting into a more serious hobby, or if you are just getting started in the professional side of screen printing try www.screenprinterdaily.com
May 15, 2010. 9:48 PMcynreams says:
Tera, I just found this site, try it!!!
http://www.t-shirtforums.com/t-shirt-articles/t106506.html
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