Let me emphasize something: The picture of me sleeping outside in the snow is not a good idea. I did not sleep well. But I did survive, and since then I've learned some tricks that would've kept me plenty toasty. Many of these seem like common sense when you read them, but you'd be surprised how few people think of them. I didn't, without a lot of trial and error. Here's what I learned so that you don't have to make the mistakes I did.

Keep in mind that most of these techniques assume dry weather. If it's raining or snowing, the steps are the same, but you'll have to do them inside your tent or vestibule. It is also assumed that you have a sleeping bag rated for around the same temperatures you're likely to be experiencing, but the techniques demonstrated here can give you some wiggle-room with that. Remember: being prepared is always step one.

As always, anyone see something I'm doing wrong, could be doing better, or should be doing that I'm not, let me know!

Also, with the exception of the two intro pics, they're all staged on a closed course by professionals, but rest assured that these techniques do work. Hopefully, they'll help you get a better night's sleep, and in doing so help you better enjoy the great outdoors.
 
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Step 1: Put on Your Fly.

This seems like a no-brainer, especially with a mesh-canopy tent like mine, but it's very, very important in frigid conditions. Not only does your fly block wind, keep in heat and keep off rain or snow, many tents are actually designed so that the fly helps prevent condensation, and a dry sleeper is a warm sleeper.
The fly also provides a vestibule, which is an extremely useful thing to have, especially in windy or rainy situations.

On the downside, it does block your view of the stars, but I can forgo marveling at the majesty of the cosmos if it means not freezing to death.
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Sask7 says: Mar 13, 2013. 12:47 PM
This is a terrible article and you should probably just delete it. You basically stated that one trying to survive outdoors should stay in a tent... thanks tips. I do Winter camping in Canada where air temp (without feels like/windchill/humidity factors included) can get down to -40 C (-27 F) and this is definitely the worst article on Winter survival I have ever read.
Beenay25 says: Mar 27, 2013. 5:56 AM
Well... I liked the article :P
Mother Natures Son (author) says: Mar 13, 2013. 11:13 PM
Well thanks for your feedback. However, I'm not going to delete it, because I have read much worse resources on cold-weather camping--a good example would be wherever you read that -40 C is equal to -27 F. Winter camping in Canada takes a lot of skill and knowledge, and having backpacked in northern Sweden and slept out in an Icelandic blizzard, I can appreciate that. However, what may be hard to remember is that not everyone comes pre-endowed with the knowledge of how to stay the night comfortably in adverse conditions. After spending a lot of time working with Californian Boy Scouts, I can tell you that things like "set your tent up properly, get dry, take a leak, dress warmly" are not concepts that are instinctive for everyone. Look through some of the comments here and I think you'll find that a lot of these basic ideas are far from intuitive for a lot of people.

Maybe these tips don't help you, but this is a guide for less advanced campers. Please bear that in mind before casting aspersions.
gen81465 says: Mar 2, 2013. 4:46 AM
What I've found to help keep warm is to put one of those thermal "space blankets" between my ground pad and my sleeping bag. By putting it shiny side up, it reflects the body heat back on to me. Do not put it inside your sleeping bag, as too much heat reflection will cause you to sweat, and that defeats the entire purpose. The space blanket should be available at just about any place that sells sporting equipment, and may be listed as an "emergency blanket". They are reusable if folded and cared for, and when worn out, can be discarded (or used for something else) and go buy another. They're usually just a couple bucks.
the_nthian says: Feb 11, 2013. 6:18 PM
My personal take on staying warm? Change your socks before bed..and again in the morning.
The 'warming drink' before bed? Try Jello with half the water...hot, sweet and easy to digest.
badwooki says: Jan 12, 2013. 3:17 PM
a full bladder need to be kept warm and uses the heat the body could be using
strods says: Nov 6, 2012. 7:47 PM

The water bottle trick is a solid one. Two weeks ago I led my scout group on a survival camp with 31 degree overnight low. I filled my canteen with boiling water at night, tight lid, and threw it at the bottom of my bag as a footwarmer.
The next morning, our camp water was frozen but the water I kept in my bag was my body temp, eaisly made ito coffee. It wams you to sleep, you then keep it warm at night, and then it warms you up again.
Wyattr55123 says: Aug 7, 2012. 9:18 PM

DO NOT use an inflatible mat. they leach heat into the ground

FlatLinerMEDIC says: Jul 28, 2012. 8:33 PM
Hot gatorade best choice.
BoyScout06-13 says: Jun 9, 2012. 6:47 PM
I must put my peice of experience to this topic, i'm a Boy Scout out of Kentucky and before my Scoutmaster taught me better i would go to bed looking like i would dress for the weather and i would freeze beyond anything i have ever felt before, but stripping down to ur boxers and sleeping with a warm bag and a bag liner, you will always wake up toasty and in Kentucky the Weather goes from 100's in summer to 30's nad below in Winter, and you must always be prepared, the idea of a cap is very smart, but i use a hybrid mummy sleeping bag with a removable hood and it has the same consept, but everyone has there opinions and Kentucky isn't everywhere, so i'm not all knowing. just my bit of experience.
sockless says: Mar 28, 2010. 11:09 PM
I personally prefer to wear almost no clothes, but I throw my clothes in my bag with me. The sleeping bag should warm up with your body heat, so you shouldn't need warm clothes.
daemonkrog says: Apr 18, 2010. 5:17 PM
I've found this works much better than layering up for sleeping. If you sleep in the buff, any sweat you might produce will be wicked away by your sleeping bag. If you're sleeping in clothes, they're very likely to soak up that moisture and then you'll get cold.

If you do need to wear clothes to stay warm, I'd suggest just getting a better sleeping bag or a wool blanket (wool wicks away moisture), or you could wear wool clothing. I prefer the better sleeping bag because it's less weight, but if that's not of any concern then a nice wool blanket would work perfectly.
Blaaken says: Dec 28, 2011. 2:14 PM
Or instead of the wool blanket, even if your sleeping bag keeps you warm, get long johns. They're amazing lol
Mother Natures Son (author) says: Mar 29, 2010. 7:31 AM
That works fine--if you've got a sleeping bag sufficient for the conditions. If you don't, then you need extra insulation. If it's the middle of the summer and you've got a 15° bag, you won't need clothes. If it's going to be zero (or, realistically, 15°) then you will.
fostermoody says: Dec 28, 2011. 2:11 PM
Actually, a good trick I have found is that you can combine steps 6 & 7. It does mean that you can't drink out of the bottle, but you do get the benefit of not losing any of your precious body heat.

Unfortunately combining the steps is a fair bit less convenient for that half of people with female urinary tract, though still doable if they're careful.
vocalpatriot says: Jan 19, 2009. 7:37 PM
ever use a pee bottle?
blodefood says: Nov 18, 2011. 8:22 PM
The mechanics of that are rather awkward and you lose heat when you squat over the bottle. Using a pee funnel is recommended.
Mother Natures Son (author) says: Jan 19, 2009. 7:54 PM
I haven't, but plenty of people have suggested it. I might try it on my next trip.
kchristensen6 says: Jul 30, 2011. 12:48 PM
label your pee-bottle or be ready to find out what it tastes like. Or just make sure you are paying attention when you are thirsty.
Foaly7 says: Jul 30, 2011. 6:01 PM
Not if you're Bear Gryllis
vocalpatriot says: Jan 20, 2009. 4:42 AM
no point in giving up the warmth we've conserved half the night..just make sure the designated bottle is CLEARLY marked with tape or use one that is very different so you can feel it in the dark and not mistake it for a water bottle (need i say more?)
Merugop says: Feb 6, 2010. 10:42 AM
 LOl did it happend to you?!
12345678890 says: Jul 10, 2009. 11:57 PM
Any one want mountain dew?
Computer__Geek says: Aug 31, 2012. 10:01 PM
it happend once to a friend with lemon gatorade the label was still on and he forgot
Gelfling6 says: Nov 18, 2011. 7:26 PM
Mutiple layers are good, but I actually found simple makes better too.. I learned this many times camping out at Renaissance faires, in a simple tent, a close-fit sleeping bag (mummy style) is best for keeping out the elements, even in a tent. (cursing the mutiple times a tent seam decided to leak during a rainstorm!). On the cheap, You can go with flipping your shirt & T-Shirt inside out, but keeping it over, and around the back of the head, and just above the bridge of the nose, so that your nose & mouth are the only things exposed. , and curling up into a fetal (legs/knees bent, and close to the chest.) inside a fairly thick sleeping bag, works. Also did this as semi-survival during recent power outage caused by storm Alfred. Idea, is to keep in a close formation, and keeping the top of your head covered, while still allowing breathing. You'll notice if you stretch out full length (legs straight out) you'll tend to get cold again.
andragairdna says: Nov 18, 2011. 4:40 PM
If your out and about on the town, be sure not to be wearing the tight trouser that's all the rage. Any covered bin will yield a dry newspaper or two. Trouser ends tucked into socks, crumpled newspaper stuffed anywhere and everywhere and a park bench, pallet, bush will have ye looking like a half baked michelin man but ye'll be snug! The ground sap's heat because it's large and solid, things that keep you warm trap air and hold their shape. If you lie on them, those air spaces need to stay intact with bodyweight or you conduct. In town corrugated cardboard is a pal. Snow insulates because it holds air even when you lie on it unless you melt it, so the snow needs to be insulated from you in order to insulate you back! Better off with a bed of twigs and sticks (or anything with spaces) covered with almost anything that's comfortable enough. Bare ground is a bodyheat vampire that's easily accomodated with a bit of preparation and even preparation can keep ye warm.
xFyrios says: Nov 18, 2011. 2:23 PM
Layer's layer's layer's! When dressing warm it's always important to where layer's! If something gets wet, just take it off, if you get too warm hiking, take something off and prevent your inner clothes from getting wet. When out in the outback layey's are always a good idea! :)

It's much more efficient than wearing something big and bulky and warm.
Zeppelinfreak says: Sep 28, 2011. 6:21 PM
Wool blankets work well, just sayin.
SIRJAMES09 says: Jul 17, 2011. 8:53 PM
I love that fur hat!!! is that fake or real fur??
Mother Natures Son (author) says: Jul 18, 2011. 8:29 AM
It's real. I'm not a proponent of fur farming or wearing that sort of thing for fashion, but I found this at a yard sale and thought it was pretty amazing. I don't think buying it second-hand creates the same moral issues as giving the trappers or fur farmers custom.
SIRJAMES09 says: Jul 18, 2011. 12:42 PM
see my thoughts are a wee bit different....

I think that fur coats & hats are ok to a point....but the industry in this country has gotten out of hand. they process way too many animals, for things that most people would never buy in the first place, and the ones that would(most of them) are not there to begin with....they have more $$$$$ than common sense.

I do hunt, and I do make things out of the skins...but everything I kill, goes into my freezer for food at a later point in time. I try not to waste ANYTHING. not the fur, bones, feathers, NOTHING. the stuff I make from what is left of the animals & birds I kill, I sell.
cletusjo says: Feb 15, 2011. 1:49 AM
On the issue of water vs rock. Perhaps you are correct on a volumetric however volume is a 3d measurement. A foot cube of water will be considerably less dense/heavy that the same block of stone. So from a space perspective the rock should win. Density water ranged from 1.860 at 212 F to 1.940 at 32 F. while "granite" since you mentioned it, has a range of 2.6-2.7.
2.65 / 1.9 = 139% increase in density.
So if rocks are available and you have a fire, you should have already built a heat wall to reflect the radiant energy of the fire at yourself from the far side of the fire. Why not use those same rocks again to stay warm through the night.

You could also start a small fire, dig a trench a few inches deep and your body wide, piling the dirt all to one side... then build the fire along the length of the pit. and put in rocks.. then when it's time for bed you knock the dirt over the fire putting it out and trapping all the heat underneath. Put your sleeping back on top and roast away.
SIRJAMES09 says: Jul 17, 2011. 8:18 PM
make sure you have AT LEAST 6 INCHES of dirt on top of the rocks & hot coals...otherwise, you'll be needing another sleeping bag & maybe a trip to the hospital for the burns you get from the hot coals.

But sleeping on rocks & hot coals is what I always do...works every time. :)
DixieGeek says: Jul 24, 2009. 6:57 PM
If you're going to bed, you probably want to avoid caffeinated beverages for two reasons - 1) sleeplessness and 2) having to relieve yourself in the middle of the night and thus possibly losing all the warmth you've built up in your bag.
bmartinez-3 says: Jun 9, 2011. 5:24 PM
Also caffeine Dehydrates you. Never a good idea to have caffeine on a hike.
The Locksmith says: May 18, 2011. 8:10 PM
This is a great guide! One thing that I HIGHLY recommend is a horse blanket. I have one, and it is at once the lightest, thinnest, and warmest blanket I own.
cjs1298 says: Mar 20, 2011. 9:18 AM
I my BSA troop, we put hand warmers all within the interior of the bag.
The Locksmith says: May 18, 2011. 8:05 PM
That's a fantastic idea! Hand warmers can be had for 89c at my local gas station, and they put out a good deal of heat for a solid 6+ hours.
msl490 says: Feb 27, 2011. 10:41 PM
Best investment I ever made was a Mountain Hardware Bivy Bag, the one I have zips into the sleeping bag zippers making entry/exit easier and it adds several degrees to the bags comfort rating. My tent is a Cabelas Predator Bivy that warms pretty quickly because of the small size. I also stick to light weight long underwear and a knit cap for sleeping in. This set up keeps me warm down to about 15-20 degrees. Happy Trails!
scoutysteve says: Feb 8, 2011. 2:18 PM
Hi, I've been a scout leader for over 15 years & a scout before that. I agree with the use of a mat or pad to keep you off the ground. But the best advice I had when I was a mear cub scout camping out in the cold, is simply double up with another sleeping bag. One inside the other. I've never been cold at night even with snow on the ground. I've past this gem onto my scouts & we've never had any scouts of the blue smurf variety!
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