Solar Dark Detecting LED Light Bulb

 by JoshuaZimmerman
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Like so many projects in life, I got this idea while randomly walking around Hobby Lobby.  I came across these cute little glass "light bulbs."  They have screw off tops, a flat bottom, and only cost $1.50.  Who couldn't pass that up?

My original idea was to try and cram a LED, battery, and switch in there.  Yeah, that wasn't ever going to happen.  My second idea was to make it solar power because as we all know, everything is better with solar.  (Yes, even puppies!)

In a nutshell what I ended up making was a little side box that had a solar panel, joule thief circuit, and a switch on it connected to the glass bulb.  Oh yeah.... I threw in a simple dark detecting circuit as well.  Just cuz.

A fun beginners project for anyone wanting to do some soldering.

I'm putting together some "Light Detecting Solar Circuit" kits on my gadget webpage, Brown Dog Gadgets.  All the electronics you'd need to build one of these.  Or, if you don't want to do the work I have some of these for sale on my site... with upgrades...
 
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Step 1: What You Need

IMG_5679.jpg
Hardware:

Hot Glue Gun
Soldering Iron
Drill
Helping Hand (Optional really)
Breadboard (Optional, but super handy.)

Supplies:
Wire - I used 22 Gage Insulated as well as some thick magnet wire.  Anything will work.
5K ohm Resistor
1K ohm Resistor
1 Zenger Diode
3 White LEDs
PNP Transistor
NPN Transistor
Toroid
A switch (I used a toggle because toggles are fun to play with...)

4.5V Solar Panel
AAA Battery Holder
AAA NiMh Battery (You could use a AA as well.  I just used these for their size.)

Glass Lightbulb from Hobby Lobby
Little Plastic Bead Box that I picked up at Hobby Lobby as well.  6 Pack for $3.

A lot of these supplies can be mixed and matched.  AA instead of AAA.  Smaller Solar Panel.  Different box.  Ditch the dark detecting.  Blah blah blah.  You're all adult, make up your own mind.

Total Cost for parts: $5 or so.  I had all these parts on hand to begin with.

Total Time: Less than one hour if you know what you're doing, two hours otherwise.
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synthdust says: Sep 15, 2012. 11:00 AM
Can I use a flickering LED with a Joule Thief?
JoshuaZimmerman (author) in reply to synthdustSep 16, 2012. 11:17 AM
I honestly don't know. Blinking LEDs tend to freak out in this circuit, I've not worked with flickering LEDs before so I honestly can't say.
superstatic27 says: Aug 10, 2012. 8:39 PM
Would these work?

http://www.dealextreme.com/p/wired-magnetic-ring-power-inductor-orange-10-piece-pack-143490?item=4

JoshuaZimmerman (author) in reply to superstatic27Aug 10, 2012. 10:45 PM
Umm... I have no idea. Grab one from All Electronics. They have some nice big ones that work fine. You just need some solid core wire.
avail19 says: Jan 24, 2012. 8:57 PM
josh
i cant get this to work...help!!
i think ive pretty much wired the circuit identical to your on the breadboard but no luck. any suggestions?
dasimpson1981 in reply to avail19Mar 14, 2012. 10:38 PM
you might have the terminal wrong for the transistors or maybe the rechargable battery you are using isent enogth power i had to use 2 aa batterys in series
Grandtech says: Jun 23, 2011. 12:20 PM
Parts list indicates a zener is needed. Where and what voltage? The only diode in the drawing is a switching diode.

The toroid, what "mix" should it be, #44 or...etc.?
JoshuaZimmerman (author) in reply to GrandtechJun 23, 2011. 9:56 PM
1N914 diode. Easy to come by. You can buy 100 of them for $1.
Grandtech in reply to JoshuaZimmermanJun 24, 2011. 9:02 AM
Thanks. I was referring to the parts list that listed it as a ZENER. I have plenty of the signal fast swithing 1N914's.
Grandtech says: Jun 23, 2011. 11:52 AM
Now it it was a bit bigger with a brighter light I could light up my flag on the pole at night.
lcapria says: Jun 7, 2011. 12:07 PM
Could you tell me what transistors and what Zener diode did you use?
By the way, i think it's a wonderful project!
JoshuaZimmerman (author) in reply to lcapriaJun 8, 2011. 7:32 PM
Read the circuit diagram. Everything is listed there.
lcapria in reply to JoshuaZimmermanJun 10, 2011. 9:41 AM
Thank you! I'm sorry, I was in a hurry when i read the instructable. :-)
rcisneros says: May 18, 2011. 8:52 PM
Cool project. Though you could do this project with a lot less work. You can replace the electronics with 3 components. Basically the insides of a common solar path light. Here is an example.

http://www.instructables.com/id/Make-your-own-solar-powered-led-string-lights-/
mitchiko says: May 18, 2011. 7:05 PM
It's awesomeness that's all I can say
bmwzz says: May 5, 2011. 1:15 AM
wow... nice instructable....!!

but one doubt ..tht is.. what if i want to light a meter led strit (12v) for 5 hours....??
what should i do ??
thanks in advance..
JoshuaZimmerman (author) in reply to bmwzzMay 5, 2011. 4:04 PM
You could. The Joule Thief Circuit ramps up the voltage extremely high. Youtube is full of videos of people lighting entire strings of Christmas lights off of a single AA battery via a Joule Thief.

The thing you'd need to worry about is your power source. A single AA isn't going to light all those LEDs for long. You'd need to have a large capacity of batteries to back things up.

If you go the solar route that would mean you'd need some decent solar cells or an array of solar cells (a make shift panel) to power things up. Not too difficult or expensive to do.
Defy57 says: Apr 18, 2011. 8:58 PM
Very cool. How long does the light last? I could see mounting a few of these under my truck to ward off cat. converter thieves.
JoshuaZimmerman (author) in reply to Defy57Apr 20, 2011. 5:36 AM
Depends on how much sun you get during the day.

Five hours of light (which is a good amount) at 80 ma would give you 400 ma of power. One led uses an average of 20 ma in an hour. 400 divided by 20 = hella lot of light. (In theory)

More than enough to get through the night. You could easily power several LEDs.
rstevens76 says: Apr 1, 2011. 4:21 PM
Are you using magnet wire? What gauge wire you using? Also, is that a ferrite bead, or is it a ceramic magnet? Thx.
JoshuaZimmerman (author) in reply to rstevens76Apr 3, 2011. 10:19 AM
ferrit core
23 gage insulated wire (not magnet wire, but I have also used that)
You only need to wrap it about 7 or 8 times to get the desired results.
alex12349 says: Feb 8, 2011. 10:44 AM
pretty nice
haroun says: Feb 6, 2011. 6:49 AM
Can the battery be replaced with a super capacitor, & if so how would one go about that? Just put it in the place of the battery or is there more circuitry involved?
JoshuaZimmerman (author) in reply to harounFeb 6, 2011. 9:29 AM
You most certainly could. Replace it with a big old super capacitor in place of the battery.

The downside is you'd need a rather big super capacitor to do this. Probably one rated 5-10F at least, and you'd end up paying a lot for it. (10F 2.5 Volt super cap is around $10. I bought my AAAs in bulk so they end up being $0.50 each.)

As much as I love super capacitors, and I do, using NiMh batteries is so much cheaper to do.
haroun in reply to JoshuaZimmermanFeb 6, 2011. 10:09 AM
The dash light s of my 90 toyota pick up are out, & I need to pull the dash to replace them, so a small, solar powered light I could clip to the dash would be nice. The SC would make it smaller than batteries.
Applebohn says: Jan 21, 2011. 6:55 PM
Fantastic ible!!!
JoshuaZimmerman (author) in reply to ApplebohnJan 22, 2011. 11:48 AM
And rather easy to make. Doing a very similar project was what got me in the electrical circuit mood.
anonymouse197 says: Jan 18, 2011. 9:37 AM
Amazing instructable thanks!!
Have made it but am looking for some nice solar panels now - you don't happen to know the specs for your panels do you, or the shop you bought them from on ebay??
Thanks for the help,
Anonymouse197
JoshuaZimmerman (author) in reply to anonymouse197Jan 18, 2011. 12:13 PM
Here is the panel I used. American Science and Surplus has it for $8 a pop. I found the exact same ones on ebay for $1 each. A guy out of Maine sells them in sets of 30, 60, 150, 300.... I bought 30 for $30 + $5 shipping.

American Science

http://www.sciplus.com/recommend.cfm/recommendid/10893

ebay

http://stores.ebay.com/Enginecom?_rdc=1

You can also find them on a lot of hobby electronics sites. The thing is, every time I see them there are different tech specs. Some say 3V, others 4V, some 4.5. Amps from 40 ma to 100 ma. When I tested a couple, both in sun and a lamp, I got 4.5V.

I've used them to make a lot of little projects ranging from Robots to battery chargers. Might as well spend the $35 and buy 30 of them.
anonymouse197 in reply to JoshuaZimmermanJan 18, 2011. 1:26 PM
Thanks very much, I think I may buy some. They do look very similar, and I could get through 30 panels in quite a short amount of time.
Thanks,
anonymouse197
JoshuaZimmerman (author) in reply to anonymouse197Jan 18, 2011. 4:46 PM
Good plan.

In general I keep an eye on ebay looking for good deals on solar panels. Occasionally you can buy sets of them for low prices. I got ten 6V panels for all of $7 last week.

It never hurts to have extra solar panels around.
simmer65 in reply to anonymouse197Jan 18, 2011. 11:34 AM
Go to Home Depot and buy a solar powered LED light. It cost me under $4. Tear it down and you will end up with a solar panel, a boost circuit, a photoresistor, a rechargable AA battery and a bright LED.
JoshuaZimmerman (author) in reply to simmer65Mar 23, 2011. 2:24 PM
If you're lucky you can even find solar lights at the $1 Store. I recently bought 100 of them...

Even though they're cheap they have a lot to offer. The only downside, as with any cheap solar garden light, is that the solar panel might not offer many amps. If you really want a good panel you should buy one from elsewhere where you know the strength.

It could be the diference between 10 miliamps and 80 miliamps. A big difference and worth the extra couple of dollars.
kelseymh says: Jan 18, 2011. 10:09 AM
This is an excellent Instructable, with a nice narrative write-up. Well done! There are a few places where you've used the wrong words (consistently, not just a typo):

In Step 4, it's called a toroid; "torrid" generally refers to hot and steamy affairs from 1940's film noir.

In Step 8, you want to diffuse your LEDs. Unless you're using your circuit to set off explosives, there's no reason to "defuse" it :-)

Step 13 is a great solution to preventing shorts, once you've got the circuit working correctly. If you're interested, the technical term is "potting."

This is well done enough to deserve featuring; please correct the terminology if you can.

JoshuaZimmerman (author) in reply to kelseymhJan 18, 2011. 12:15 PM
Sigh... always a critic in thr crowd...

I'll get on that later after work. Thanks for letting me know. I was really sleepy when writing this up last evening. I'm surprised I didn't make more mistakes.
kelseymh in reply to JoshuaZimmermanJan 18, 2011. 12:33 PM
:-) Not so much a critic as a copy editor. Though the image of a "torrid dark finder" is rather amusing :-)
JoshuaZimmerman (author) in reply to kelseymhJan 18, 2011. 3:08 PM
Maybe we should call them torrids after all...
dasimpson1981 says: Jan 18, 2011. 7:30 AM
have you tried this with 2 batterys like the circuit says i have and it seems that my jt unit wont run but on 1 battery only works fine
JoshuaZimmerman (author) in reply to dasimpson1981Jan 18, 2011. 12:16 PM
Then your JT probably isn't working right. The beauty of the JT is that you can get a white LED to run off a single AA battery. Check your wiring as well as how your toroid is wrapped. If you're still confused do some googling.

I had some issues the first time I did it, but once you figure it out you'll be going "oh duhhhhhh."
dasimpson1981 in reply to JoshuaZimmermanJan 18, 2011. 12:24 PM
my jt works perfect on 1.5 and below 2.4 volt it dosent wont to know anyway have this unit set up now with 2 aa the circuit has enogth losses to solve the problem i was shorting out the panel to represent night time but didnt work as soon as night came the unit started working
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