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lol i have a 20 gallon tank and im afraid to even stick my hands in it without washing them for a few mins (without soap of course) so do some research before you come up with an idea that might cause someone to have a dead fish in like 10 mins
:(
This relates to Filtration and why it is needed:
http://www.badmanstropicalfish.com/articles/article34.html
For more information please peruse the site and forum, even the poor Betta you will come to find needs an absolute minimum of 2.5 gallons, a heater, and a filter to survive his lifetime. that is assuming we are talking about survival, i prefer to let my fish thrive, i will not keep a Betta in anything less than a 10 gallon tank for example.
Unfortunately the Aquaria Hobby is Rife with myths, misconceptions and rumors from the olden days. some people are trying to correct these but it is hard to do so when people find articles like yours here basically giving the ok to put a fish in such a space. badmans tropical fish is one of the best places to see these myths debunked and to learn about true fish keeping.
one last example (i can really run on about this stuff, sorry) is the common goldfish (comet goldfish). People keep them in bowls all the time, not realizing the damage they are causing. there is not a single species of goldfish that grows under 8" long naturally. however when kept in such small spaces they "grow only to the size of the space". while that is true for the outside of the fish, on the inside horrible things happen, the organs keep growing, eventually crushing each other leading to the early demise of the fish(gold fish naturally live 15+ years). this is called stunting, and is often occurred by new people keeping fish and not researching what their fish grow to naturally!
before i get some witty comment about 'PETA'. i am not a member of, affiliated with, or even in support of their actions (or of any other animal protection agency for that matter). i have only ever known a single member, and i cannot say i agreed with his views much if at all.
When I was younger, I kept my goldfish in a 15 gallon tank. It had heaters, waterfall filters, lights, plants, the works. They stayed there, with the other tropicals for a few years. Their size stabilized. After an Ichk outbreak, only the goldfish, and the Placostimus survived, so they got transfered to a 30 gallon tank. There, they once again grew to "fit the tank" and grew to eatin' size.(but bleh! carp!) Finally, after 7 or 8 years, a busted heater took them out.
While in college(first time round) I kept a "bowl" of goldfish, and frogs.
After 5 years, It was time to move on, so I gave them to a friend(freshman). The last time I talked with him, they were still small(frogs had been replaced with snails), seemed as happy as fish can seem, and were healthy. And that was 5 years later... (ok, so ten years+ is only 2/3rds of the predicted 15 year lifespan, so i dunno for sure, but AVERAGE goldfish lifespans from other people I know is closer to 5-6 years. So I say they did OK)
As to betas... The last one I had, lived it's entire 4 year life in a 1 gallon tank. From what I've READ, their lifespan is usually less than 3 years... Again, simple air powered carbon filter, no heater(though water never dropped below 68 or so) and only ambient room lighting/daylight.
Now, I'm NOT SAYING that they wouldn't enjoy a bigger tank, or grow bigger in a bigger tank, just that fish can be healthy and flourish in proper "minimal housing"
And YES I do think this project, done on anything less than a 3L bottle is too small for anything but brine schrimp and snails. It may be ideal though, for plants in a larger aquarium. By punching some holes in the bottom, for water circulation, and leaving the top open, a plant could thrive in there, while being protected from becoming fishfood(at least from the larger fish)
on the betta, i know it can be done the way you describe, and yes that is a longer than average lifetime for the species, there are always exceptions to the rules, especially regarding very hardy/used to bad conditions fish, like the betta (if you look up how they are commercially bred you will see most breeders use 1g containers) i prefer to have my fish thrive versus survive however :).
i dont know about the experience you had with the goldfish in a bowl, either it was an exception or he was stunted to a degree before you moved him out, but not enough for lethal damage, to be honest i do not have enough info to tell you, and as i said there are always exceptions.
again, i am more conservative than most (as are the badmans bunch) but we feel this is best for the fish. for me i would never house any fish in anything less than 5gallons :). however some members who breed bettas do keep them in a 'betta barrack' type system, afaik though this is a temporary till sold set-up.
and there i went writing a novel again lol sorry "" especially as i did nto include much real/solid info/fact. hopefully the more knowledgeable members will be by to expand on what i have said and give you more info. i may be posting it for them too if they do not want to register :)