4x4x4 LED Cube Upgrade With Shift Registers (74hc595)

by HippyNerd

64K3436

Intro: 4x4x4 LED Cube Upgrade With Shift Registers (74hc595)

This project started out with a bag of LEDs that I had removed from flashlights, to convert to UV flashlights. I knew I would find something fun to use them with, but It was months before I figured out what to do with them. When I saw an LED cube on youtube, I knew what to do.

I had about 70 LEDs, and an arduino. I wanted to build the cube with stuff that I already had, and using as little new stuff as possible. I built my using 64 LEDs, and 4 resistors and I would have used bus wire, but I didnt have any, so I used galvanized steel wire from the hardware store (baling wire?). I had to use wire to connect the LEDs, since had been clipped to about 1/8" lead length. To connect the LEDs to the arduino, I used an old IDE cable, because its so convenient for transferring parallel data. I was going to need 20 wires, so one ribbon cable keeps things tidy, and easy to trace. I did this project on a holiday weekend, and I wasnt able to acquire a SIP header, but I was able to make due with a couple paper clips, straightened, and clipped to about 1/2".

I had some problems finding software that would work, because I made my cube common anode, Instead of common cathode (I was thinking of only using 4 resistors, and thought they should be on the positive side, not the negative side...) Since my cube was made up of 4 layers of 16 columns, I used 4 220ohm resistors on the plane pins instead of 16 resistors on the column pins. I figured I could always change the code, but that turned out more challenging than I had anticipated. I have since revised my cube to use 16 100 ohm resistors, instead of the 4 220s, and It is much more evenly lit.

It should also be noted, that the LEDs that I used were in circuits with 3 batteries, they seem to run at about 4.5v. When re-using IDE cable, every other wire is one side of the connector, so if you only use one side (like Im doing), you only use every other wire, this also turned out to be quite handy when hooking up 2 8-bit shift registers.

This worked great, but it used all the pins on my arduino, and I wanted to try to add things, things that will need some of those precious pins. The arduino had some nice programs for using shift registers (74HC595s specifically), so that is what I used.

There are many examples of using LED cubes, so I wont go over that part, this is about converting the cube from parallel to serial using shift registers. With the new code, and use of shift registers, you can expand this cube to virtually any size, you can also add features (buttons, knobs, sounds, sensors, motors,...)

This project needs:

1 4x4x4(64) LED cube, assembled, and working.
2 74HC595 Shift Registers.
1 IDE cable
9 SIP header pins.
Arduino + USB cable + computer to program.
1 USB cell phone charger (to power the cube when not hooked up to the computer.)
You will also want some kind of container, or board to mount your project.

Tools:
Soldering iron/solder/flux/alcohol (Soldering and cleanup)
Tweezers, Pliers, Diagonal nose cutters, knife (for wire and chip prep)

STEP 1: Build and Test an LED Cube.

Step 1 Build and test an LED cube.

Follow one of these instructables, and build yourself a 4x4x4 LED cube, or build a different size cube, and modify the software to suit your cube size.
If you build a 4x4x4 or smaller cube, you can hook it up(similar to the way shown above), and test it out, and test the software. If you want to build a bigger cube, you should probably start with a smaller cube first, then move on to bigger, after you have some experience with the smaller cubes.

Links to 4x4x4 cube Instructables
https://www.instructables.com/id/The-4x4x4-LED-cube-Arduino/

https://www.instructables.com/id/4x4x4-LED-Cube-Arduino/

https://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-4x4x4-LED-Cube/

STEP 2: Rewire Your Arduino Connector

This really blurry picture shows how I had originally wired up 20 pins to the arduino, I used 2 connectors on one ribbon cable. Yeah, its time to get rid of those paper clips, they worked, but now that I have some SIP header pins, lets use them instead. We can also cut over half of this cable off. we only need 16 wires and one connector to hook up the cube.

STEP 3: Prep Your Chips

Since I am using two daisy-chained shift registers to control the 16 pins, I decided to piggyback my shift registers. This makes one small package from 2 chips, and simplifies connecting wires to it. Instead of soldering a bunch of jumper wires to connect the common pins (VCC,gnd,OE,MR,Latch,Clock,) I can just solder the pins together (they line right up when you stack chips).

If you are soldering them into a board, you just need to bend the leads so the chip fit it easily. if you are piggybacking your chips like I did, then you want to bend the leads out on the pins where you are going to terminate your wires. the other leads stay down so you can terminate them to lead on the chips below.

STEP 4: Prep Your Wires

You need to strip and tin the wires before you can solder them up. If you are using an IDE or any other ribbon cable that connects to 2 rows of pins, then you will need to alternate each pin to just use the pins on one side of the header connector, so that they match up with the header on the arduino. On the cable from the shift registers to the cube, you will also alternate the wires (every other wire connects to the top chip, the other wires connect to the bottom chip.) Keep that in mind when stripping and tinning the wires, and leave an extra 1/2" or so on the first 2 leads, they connect to the other side of the chip, so they need a little extra length. The ends that connect to the cube you should separate about 2", strip and tin the lead. You only need about 1/8' stripped, If you strip more than that, trim them down, or they may short on something.

Here you can see how 2 wires are a bit longer, to connect to pins on the other side.

STEP 5: Start Building Your Piggybacked Chips (or Install Jumpers)

Here you can see the chips stacked. Instead of pressing them together tightly, I left a bit of space, so heat can escape if they get hot. Solder up the pins (that are not sticking), to the pins below them.
If you solder your chips into a board, you will need to jump a bunch of traces from one chip to the next. (like I had described in the previous step about prepping your chips)

STEP 6: Solder Up Wires to the Chip Output Pins.

Now you can solder up the wires to the chips output pins, this is the cable that has the 2 longer wires for the first 2 pins. Note alternating wires go to above/below chips. You can actually wire it up many different ways, this is just one, you may need to change the software, or data to suit the way you wire your cube up.

STEP 7: Finish Up the Chips by Soldering Up Their Jumpers

Now you need to solder up some jumpers to the chips, connect the OE to gound(pin8), and the MR up to the positive lead (16), and connect the data on the first chip to the QH (pin 9). Solder wires to the postive, and negatvie leads on the chips, so you can hook them up to the arduino (I soldered pins to make it easy to plug into the arduino, but you could also just tin a wire.

Here is a decent web page I found on another site, its a pretty decent illustration of 2 shift registers daisy chained together. You may want to use it as a reference if you solder your chips onto a board, or are unsure about where to solder wires.

http://bildr.org/2011/02/74hc595/

STEP 8: Solder Up Wires to Your Columns

Solder up the leads (like the image in step 4), and run them to the the column pins, or resistors to the column pins (depending on your design). Your plane pins will stay the same, so there is no need to do any changes with those.
Update: I've changed my cube around to have resistors on the colunm pins (100 ohm), instead of the plane pins(220 ohm). While I was there, I added a .1uf ceramic cap on the shift registers.
You can now turn off your iron, clean up your mess, and get ready for programming!

STEP 9: Program Your Cube

You are going to have to make dramatic changes in your code to go from parallel to serial, and you are going to have send your data over one pin, instead of 16 pins, and you will need to use a couple other pins to facilitate this data conversion. The Shift registers have a clock, latch, and data pins. We will send data to the data pin, and then set the clock pin to shift data in. after we send it 16 bits of data, we will then latch the data out to the LEDs. To accomplish this, I took a bit of code from the shiftout tutorial, modified it to shift 16 bits, and embedded it into my program.

Im including the software that I started with, other arduino users made it. Im also including 2 other version that I heavily modified to work with 16 bits of shift register. One file is tagged CA, the other is CC, the CA version works with a common anode setup, the CC version works with a common cathode setup.

Note: The common anode means each planes anodes are connected in common, The term common cathode, or common anode typically refers to RGB LEDs, but it applies here, since we dont have an even amount of cathodes and anodes (in an idea multiplexing environment, you have equal numbers of anodes and cathodes.) This cube design is less than ideal in that you have 4 and 16 control lines, instead of 8 and 8 control lines. Anode centric might be a more accurate term, but common anode conveys the idea, and if you are talking about a single plane, then common anode or cathode would be accurate.

STEP 10: 4x4x4 Cube Code for 20 Arduino Pins

Code I started with(note, this code never worked on my original cube until I modified it for common anode):

#include <avr/pgmspace.h> // allows use of PROGMEM to store patterns in flash

#define CUBESIZE 4
#define PLANESIZE CUBESIZE*CUBESIZE
#define PLANETIME 3333 // time each plane is displayed in us -> 100 Hz refresh
#define TIMECONST 20 // multiplies DisplayTime to get ms - why not =100?

// LED Pattern Table in PROGMEM - last column is display time in 100ms units
// TODO this could be a lot more compact but not with binary pattern representation
prog_uchar PROGMEM PatternTable[] = {
// blink on and off

B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0011,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0011,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0011,B0111,B0000,B0001,B0011,B0111,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0011,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0011,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0001,B0011,B0111,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0111,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0111,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0011,B0111,B0111,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0111,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0111,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0111,B0111,B0111,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,10,
B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1100,B1110,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1100,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1000,B1100,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B1100,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1000,B1100,B1110,B0000,B0000,B1000,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B1000,B1100,B1110,B0000,B0000,B1000,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B1000,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B1000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1000,B1000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1100,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1110,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0001,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0001,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0000,B0000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B1100,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1110,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0001,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0111,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1110,B1000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1100,B1100,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B1110,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1111,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0111,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,10,
B0001,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0011,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0111,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B0111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0111,B0111,B0111,B0111,B1000,B1000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0011,B0011,B0011,B0011,B0100,B0100,B0100,B0100,B1000,B1000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0010,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0100,B0100,B1000,B1000,B1000,B1000,10,
B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0010,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0100,B0100,10,
B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0010,B0010,B0010,10,
B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,10,
B0010,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0001,10,
B0100,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0100,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0100,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0100,B0010,B0001,B0001,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0000,B0010,B0100,B0000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0010,B0100,B0000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0010,B0100,B0000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0010,B0100,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B0000,B1000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B1000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0010,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0010,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0100,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0100,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1001,B0110,B0110,B1001,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0100,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1101,B0111,B1110,B1011,B1001,B0110,B0110,B1001,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0100,B0010,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1101,B0111,B1110,B1011,B1001,B0110,B0110,B1001,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1101,B0111,B1110,B1011,B1001,B0110,B0110,B1001,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1101,B0111,B1110,B1011,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,

// this is a dummy element for end of table (duration=0) aka !!!DO NOT TOUCH!!!
B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, 0
};

/*
** Defining pins in array makes it easier to rearrange how cube is wired
** Adjust numbers here until LEDs flash in order - L to R, T to B
** Note that analog inputs 0-5 are also digital outputs 14-19!
** Pin DigitalOut0 (serial RX) and AnalogIn5 are left open for future apps
*/

int LEDPin[] = {13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 14, 15};
int PlanePin[] = {16, 17, 18, 19};

// initialization
void setup()
{
int pin; // loop counter
// set up LED pins as output (active HIGH)
for (pin=0; pin<PLANESIZE; pin++) {
pinMode( LEDPin[pin], OUTPUT );
}
// set up plane pins as outputs (active LOW)
for (pin=0; pin<CUBESIZE; pin++) {
pinMode( PlanePin[pin], OUTPUT );
}
}

// display pattern in table until DisplayTime is zero (then repeat)
void loop()
{
// declare variables
byte PatternBuf[PLANESIZE]; // saves current pattern from PatternTable
int PatternIdx;
byte DisplayTime; // time*100ms to display pattern
unsigned long EndTime;
int plane; // loop counter for cube refresh
int patbufidx; // indexes which byte from pattern buffer
int ledrow; // counts LEDs in refresh loop
int ledcol; // counts LEDs in refresh loop
int ledpin; // counts LEDs in refresh loop

// Initialize PatternIdx to beginning of pattern table
PatternIdx = 0;
// loop over entries in pattern table - while DisplayTime>0
do {
// read pattern from PROGMEM and save in array
memcpy_P( PatternBuf, PatternTable+PatternIdx, PLANESIZE );
PatternIdx += PLANESIZE;
// read DisplayTime from PROGMEM and increment index
DisplayTime = pgm_read_byte_near( PatternTable + PatternIdx++ );
// compute EndTime from current time (ms) and DisplayTime
EndTime = millis() + ((unsigned long) DisplayTime) * TIMECONST;

// loop while DisplayTime>0 and current time < EndTime
while ( millis() < EndTime ) {
patbufidx = 0; // reset index counter to beginning of buffer
// loop over planes
for (plane=0; plane<CUBESIZE; plane++) {
// turn previous plane off
if (plane==0) {
digitalWrite( PlanePin[CUBESIZE-1], HIGH );
} else {
digitalWrite( PlanePin[plane-1], HIGH );
}

// load current plane pattern data into ports
ledpin = 0;
for (ledrow=0; ledrow<CUBESIZE; ledrow++) {
for (ledcol=0; ledcol<CUBESIZE; ledcol++) {
digitalWrite( LEDPin[ledpin++], PatternBuf[patbufidx] & (1 << ledcol) );
}
patbufidx++;
}

// turn current plane on
digitalWrite( PlanePin[plane], LOW );
// delay PLANETIME us
delayMicroseconds( PLANETIME );
} // for plane
} // while <EndTime
} while (DisplayTime > 0); // read patterns until time=0 which signals end
}

STEP 11: 4x4x4 Cube Code With Shift Registers, Common Anode Version

// OCT32012 editing changes to adapt this program to work with shift registers,
// and to work with Common Anode LED cube. hippynurd@gmail.com

#include // allows use of PROGMEM to store patterns in flash

#define CUBESIZE 4
#define PLANESIZE CUBESIZE*CUBESIZE
#define PLANETIME 3333 // time each plane is displayed in us -> 100 Hz refresh
#define TIMECONST 20 // multiplies DisplayTime to get ms - why not =100?

// LED Pattern Table in PROGMEM - last column is display time in 100ms units
// TODO this could be a lot more compact but not with binary pattern representation
prog_uchar PROGMEM PatternTable[] = {
// blink on and off

B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0011,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0011,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0011,B0111,B0000,B0001,B0011,B0111,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0011,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0011,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0001,B0011,B0111,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0111,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0111,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0011,B0111,B0111,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0111,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0111,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0111,B0111,B0111,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,10,
B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1100,B1110,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1100,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1000,B1100,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B1100,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1000,B1100,B1110,B0000,B0000,B1000,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B1000,B1100,B1110,B0000,B0000,B1000,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B1000,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B1000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1000,B1000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1100,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1110,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0001,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0001,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0000,B0000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B1100,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1110,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0001,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0111,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1110,B1000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1100,B1100,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B1110,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1111,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0111,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,10,
B0001,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0011,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0111,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B0111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0111,B0111,B0111,B0111,B1000,B1000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0011,B0011,B0011,B0011,B0100,B0100,B0100,B0100,B1000,B1000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0010,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0100,B0100,B1000,B1000,B1000,B1000,10,
B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0010,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0100,B0100,10,
B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0010,B0010,B0010,10,
B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,10,
B0010,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0001,10,
B0100,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0100,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0100,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0100,B0010,B0001,B0001,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0000,B0010,B0100,B0000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0010,B0100,B0000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0010,B0100,B0000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0010,B0100,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B0000,B1000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B1000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0010,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0010,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0100,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0100,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1001,B0110,B0110,B1001,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0100,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1101,B0111,B1110,B1011,B1001,B0110,B0110,B1001,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0100,B0010,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1101,B0111,B1110,B1011,B1001,B0110,B0110,B1001,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1101,B0111,B1110,B1011,B1001,B0110,B0110,B1001,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1101,B0111,B1110,B1011,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,

// this is a dummy element for end of table (duration=0) aka !!!DO NOT TOUCH!!!
B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, 0
};

/*
** Defining pins in array makes it easier to rearrange how cube is wired
** Adjust numbers here until LEDs flash in order - L to R, T to B
** Note that analog inputs 0-5 are also digital outputs 14-19!
** Pin DigitalOut0 (serial RX) and AnalogIn5 are left open for future apps
*/
// Just a note to say we dont do things this way anymore. Data is serialized
// to pin 7 via 74hc595 shift registers, and the planes(layers) are controlled
// by pins 11,10,9,6. The first shift register controls the first 8 pins, the
// second shift register controls pins 9-16.
// Looking down on the cube, the column pin matrix looks like this:

// 16 15 14 13
//
// 12 11 10 9
//
// 8 7 6 5
//
// 4 3 2 1

// My cube is common anode, meaning send 5 volts to the plane(layer), and ground
// the column to illuminate the individual led. This code was originally common cathode.

//OLD
//int LEDPin[] = {13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 14, 15};
//int PlanePin[] = {16, 17, 18, 19};
//NEW
int LEDPin[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15};
int PlanePin[] = {11, 10, 9, 6};
int dataPin = 7; //Data I added these for Shift Register
int clockPin = 12; // Clock
int latchPin = 13; // Latch

// initialization
void setup()
{
int pin; // loop counter
/*
// set up LED pins as output (active HIGH)
for (pin=0; pin pinMode( LEDPin[pin], OUTPUT );
}
*/
// set up pins for serial output
{
pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT);
}

// set up plane pins as outputs (active LOW)
for (pin=0; pin pinMode( PlanePin[pin], OUTPUT );
}
}

// display pattern in table until DisplayTime is zero (then repeat)
void loop()
{
// declare variables
byte PatternBuf[PLANESIZE]; // saves current pattern from PatternTable
int PatternIdx;
byte DisplayTime; // time*100ms to display pattern
unsigned long EndTime;
int plane; // loop counter for cube refresh
int patbufidx; // indexes which byte from pattern buffer
int ledrow; // counts LEDs in refresh loop
int ledcol; // counts LEDs in refresh loop
int ledpin; // counts LEDs in refresh loop
int pinState; //pinState is used to send the correct bit to the data pin

// Initialize PatternIdx to beginning of pattern table
PatternIdx = 0;
// loop over entries in pattern table - while DisplayTime>0
do {
// read pattern from PROGMEM and save in array
memcpy_P( PatternBuf, PatternTable+PatternIdx, PLANESIZE );
PatternIdx += PLANESIZE;
// read DisplayTime from PROGMEM and increment index
DisplayTime = pgm_read_byte_near( PatternTable + PatternIdx++ );
// compute EndTime from current time (ms) and DisplayTime
EndTime = millis() + ((unsigned long) DisplayTime) * TIMECONST;

// loop while DisplayTime>0 and current time < EndTime
while ( millis() < EndTime ) {
patbufidx = 0; // reset index counter to beginning of buffer
// loop over planes
for (plane=0; plane // turn previous plane off (low is off, high is on)
if (plane==0) {
digitalWrite( PlanePin[CUBESIZE-1], LOW );
} else {
digitalWrite( PlanePin[plane-1], LOW );
}

/*
// load current plane pattern data into ports
ledpin = 0;
for (ledrow=0; ledrow for (ledcol=0; ledcol digitalWrite( LEDPin[ledpin++], PatternBuf[patbufidx] & (1 << ledcol) );
}
patbufidx++;
}
*/
// I used code from shiftout, to redo this to serialize the plane data
//ground latchPin and hold low for as long as you are transmitting
digitalWrite(latchPin, 0);
//move 'em out
ledpin = 0;
for (ledrow=0; ledrow for (ledcol=0; ledcol
digitalWrite(clockPin, 0);

// digitalWrite( dataPin, PatternBuf[patbufidx] & (1 << ledcol) );
if (PatternBuf[patbufidx] & (1 << ledcol))
{
pinState= 0; // Flip these bits to suit your cubes common lead (cathode or anode)
}
else
{
pinState= 1; // Flip these bits to suit your cubes common lead (cathode or anode)
}

//Sets the pin to HIGH or LOW depending on pinState
digitalWrite(dataPin, pinState); // this is where data is sent to the shift register.
//register shifts bits on upstroke of clock pin
digitalWrite(clockPin, 1);

ledpin++;
}
patbufidx++;
}
digitalWrite(latchPin, 1);

// turn current plane on (plane high for on)
digitalWrite( PlanePin[plane], HIGH );
// delay PLANETIME us
delayMicroseconds( PLANETIME );
} // for plane
} // while } while (DisplayTime > 0); // read patterns until time=0 which signals end
}

STEP 12: 4x4x4 Cube Code With Shift Registers, Common Anode Version

// OCT32012 editing changes to adapt this program to work with shift registers,
// and to work with Common Cathode LED cube. hippynurd@gmail.com

#include <avr/pgmspace.h> // allows use of PROGMEM to store patterns in flash

#define CUBESIZE 4
#define PLANESIZE CUBESIZE*CUBESIZE
#define PLANETIME 3333 // time each plane is displayed in us -> 100 Hz refresh
#define TIMECONST 10 // multiplies DisplayTime to get ms - why not =100?

// LED Pattern Table in PROGMEM - last column is display time in 100ms units
// TODO this could be a lot more compact but not with binary pattern representation
prog_uchar PROGMEM PatternTable[] = {
// blink on and off

B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0011,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0011,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0011,B0111,B0000,B0001,B0011,B0111,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0011,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0011,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0001,B0011,B0111,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0111,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0111,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0011,B0111,B0111,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0111,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0111,B0111,B0111,B0000,B0111,B0111,B0111,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,10,
B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1100,B1110,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B1110,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1100,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1000,B1100,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B1100,B1110,B1110,B0000,B1000,B1100,B1110,B0000,B0000,B1000,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B1000,B1100,B1110,B0000,B0000,B1000,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B1000,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B1000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1000,B1000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1100,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1110,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0001,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0001,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0000,B0000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B1100,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1110,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0001,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0111,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1110,B1000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1100,B1100,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B1110,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1111,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0111,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0011,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,10,
B0001,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0011,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0111,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B0001,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B0011,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B0111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1110,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0111,B0111,B0111,B0111,B1000,B1000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0011,B0011,B0011,B0011,B0100,B0100,B0100,B0100,B1000,B1000,B1000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0010,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0100,B0100,B1000,B1000,B1000,B1000,10,
B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0010,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0100,B0100,10,
B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0010,B0010,B0010,10,
B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0001,10,
B0010,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0001,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0001,10,
B0100,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0100,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0100,B0010,B0001,B0001,B0100,B0010,B0001,B0001,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,10,
B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,B0100,B0100,B0010,B0010,10,
B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,B1000,B0100,B0010,B0001,10,
B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,B0000,B1100,B0011,B0000,10,
B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,B0000,B0011,B1100,B0000,10,
B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0000,B0010,B0100,B0000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0010,B0100,B0000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0010,B0100,B0000,B0001,B0010,B0100,B1000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0010,B0100,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B0000,B1000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B1000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0010,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0010,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0010,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B1000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0100,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0100,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1001,B0110,B0110,B1001,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0100,B0010,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1101,B0111,B1110,B1011,B1001,B0110,B0110,B1001,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,B0000,B0100,B0010,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1101,B0111,B1110,B1011,B1001,B0110,B0110,B1001,B0000,B0110,B0110,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1101,B0111,B1110,B1011,B1001,B0110,B0110,B1001,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1101,B0111,B1110,B1011,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B1111,B1111,B1111,B1111,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,
B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,B0000,10,

// this is a dummy element for end of table (duration=0) aka !!!DO NOT TOUCH!!!
B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, 0
};

/*
** Defining pins in array makes it easier to rearrange how cube is wired
** Adjust numbers here until LEDs flash in order - L to R, T to B
** Note that analog inputs 0-5 are also digital outputs 14-19!
** Pin DigitalOut0 (serial RX) and AnalogIn5 are left open for future apps
*/
// Just a note to say we dont do things this way anymore. Data is serialized
// to pin 7 via 74hc595 shift registers, and the planes(layers) are controlled
// by pins 11,10,9,6. The first shift register controls the first 8 pins, the
// second shift register controls pins 9-16.
// Looking down on the cube, the column pin matrix looks like this:

// 16 15 14 13
//
// 12 11 10 9
//
// 8 7 6 5
//
// 4 3 2 1

// This code is for common cathnode, meaning ground the plane(layer), and send 5 volts to
// the column to illuminate the individual led.

//OLD
//int LEDPin[] = {13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 14, 15};
//int PlanePin[] = {16, 17, 18, 19};
//NEW
int LEDPin[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15};
int PlanePin[] = {11, 10, 9, 6};
int dataPin = 7; //Data I added these for Shift Register
int clockPin = 12; // Clock
int latchPin = 13; // Latch

// initialization
void setup()
{
int pin; // loop counter
/*
// set up LED pins as output (active HIGH)
for (pin=0; pin pinMode( LEDPin[pin], OUTPUT );
}
*/
// set up pins for serial output
{
pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT);
}

// set up plane pins as outputs (active LOW)
for (pin=0; pin pinMode( PlanePin[pin], OUTPUT );
}
}

// display pattern in table until DisplayTime is zero (then repeat)
void loop()
{
// declare variables
byte PatternBuf[PLANESIZE]; // saves current pattern from PatternTable
int PatternIdx;
byte DisplayTime; // time*100ms to display pattern
unsigned long EndTime;
int plane; // loop counter for cube refresh
int patbufidx; // indexes which byte from pattern buffer
int ledrow; // counts LEDs in refresh loop
int ledcol; // counts LEDs in refresh loop
int ledpin; // counts LEDs in refresh loop
int pinState; //pinState is used to send the correct bit to the data pin

// Initialize PatternIdx to beginning of pattern table
PatternIdx = 0;
// loop over entries in pattern table - while DisplayTime>0
do {
// read pattern from PROGMEM and save in array
memcpy_P( PatternBuf, PatternTable+PatternIdx, PLANESIZE );
PatternIdx += PLANESIZE;
// read DisplayTime from PROGMEM and increment index
DisplayTime = pgm_read_byte_near( PatternTable + PatternIdx++ );
// compute EndTime from current time (ms) and DisplayTime
EndTime = millis() + ((unsigned long) DisplayTime) * TIMECONST;

// loop while DisplayTime>0 and current time < EndTime
while ( millis() < EndTime ) {
patbufidx = 0; // reset index counter to beginning of buffer
// loop over planes
for (plane=0; plane // turn previous plane off (low is on, high is off)
if (plane==0) {
digitalWrite( PlanePin[CUBESIZE-1], HIGH );
} else {
digitalWrite( PlanePin[plane-1], HIGH );
}

/*
// load current plane pattern data into ports
ledpin = 0;
for (ledrow=0; ledrow for (ledcol=0; ledcol digitalWrite( LEDPin[ledpin++], PatternBuf[patbufidx] & (1 << ledcol) );
}
patbufidx++;
}
*/
// I used code from shiftout, to redo this to serialize the plane data
    //ground latchPin and hold low for as long as you are transmitting
    digitalWrite(latchPin, 0);
    //move 'em out
ledpin = 0;
for (ledrow=0; ledrow for (ledcol=0; ledcol
digitalWrite(clockPin, 0);

// digitalWrite( dataPin, PatternBuf[patbufidx] & (1 << ledcol) );
if (PatternBuf[patbufidx] & (1 << ledcol))
    {
      pinState= 1; // Flip these bits to suit your cubes common lead (cathode or anode)
    }
    else
    {
      pinState= 0; // Flip these bits to suit your cubes common lead (cathode or anode)
    }

    //Sets the pin to HIGH or LOW depending on pinState
    digitalWrite(dataPin, pinState); // this is where data is sent to the shift register.
    //register shifts bits on upstroke of clock pin
    digitalWrite(clockPin, 1);

ledpin++;
}
patbufidx++;
}
digitalWrite(latchPin, 1);

// turn current plane on (plane high for on)
digitalWrite( PlanePin[plane], HIGH );
// delay PLANETIME us
delayMicroseconds( PLANETIME );
} // for plane
} // while } while (DisplayTime > 0); // read patterns until time=0 which signals end
}

31 Comments

jasonjason931 7 years ago

I know this forum is a little out dated, but Im hoping for the best! Im down to the last few lines of page 11 that I have had to fix some very minor things but for some reason I can't figure out the following. I'll start from the void loop.

// display pattern in table until DisplayTime is zero (then repeat)

void loop()

{

// declare variables

byte PatternBuf[PLANESIZE]; // saves current pattern from PatternTable

int PatternIdx;

byte DisplayTime; // time*100ms to display pattern

unsigned long EndTime;

int plane; // loop counter for cube refresh

int patbufidx; // indexes which byte from pattern buffer

int ledrow; // counts LEDs in refresh loop

int ledcol; // counts LEDs in refresh loop

int ledpin; // counts LEDs in refresh loop

int pinState; //pinState is used to send the correct bit to the data pin

// Initialize PatternIdx to beginning of pattern table

PatternIdx = 0;

// loop over entries in pattern table - while DisplayTime>0

do {

// read pattern from PROGMEM and save in array

memcpy_P( PatternBuf, PatternTable+PatternIdx, PLANESIZE );

PatternIdx += PLANESIZE;

// read DisplayTime from PROGMEM and increment index

DisplayTime = pgm_read_byte_near( PatternTable + PatternIdx++ );

// compute EndTime from current time (ms) and DisplayTime

EndTime = millis() + ((unsigned long) DisplayTime) * TIMECONST;

// loop while DisplayTime>0 and current time < EndTime

while ( millis() < EndTime )

{

patbufidx = 0; // reset index counter to beginning of buffer

// loop over planes

for (plane=0; plane;); // turn previous plane off (low is off, high is on)

if (plane==0)

{

digitalWrite( PlanePin[CUBESIZE-1], LOW );

}

else

{

digitalWrite( PlanePin[plane-1], LOW );

}

// load current plane pattern data into ports

ledpin = 0;

for (ledrow=0; ledrow for (ledcol=0; ledcol digitalWrite( LEDPin[ledpin++], PatternBuf[patbufidx] & (1 << ledcol) );

}

patbufidx++;

}

// I used code from shiftout, to redo this to serialize the plane data

//ground latchPin and hold low for as long as you are transmitting

digitalWrite(latchPin, 0);

//move 'em out

ledpin = 0;

for (ledrow=0; ledrow;); for (ledcol=0; ledcol;);

digitalWrite(clockPin, 0);

// digitalWrite( dataPin, PatternBuf[patbufidx] & (1 << ledcol) );

if (PatternBuf[patbufidx] & (1 << ledcol))

{

pinState= 0; // Flip these bits to suit your cubes common lead (cathode or anode)

}

else

{

pinState= 1; // Flip these bits to suit your cubes common lead (cathode or anode)

}

//Sets the pin to HIGH or LOW depending on pinState

digitalWrite(dataPin, pinState); // this is where data is sent to the shift register.

//register shifts bits on upstroke of clock pin

digitalWrite(clockPin, 1);

ledpin++;

}

patbufidx++;

}

****************************************************

but this line below is whats give me proplems. says something about putting in a 'while' so I do, but then it says "could not convert 'digitalWrite(((uint8_t)latchPin), 1u)' from 'void' to 'bool'".

digitalWrite(latchPin, 1);

****************************************************

// turn current plane on (plane high for on)

digitalWrite( PlanePin[plane], HIGH );

// delay PLANETIME us

delayMicroseconds( PLANETIME );

} // for plane

} // while } while (DisplayTime > 0); // read patterns until time=0 which signals end

}

So, if someone wouldnt mind helping me out!!

Thanks A Bunch!!

HippyNerd 7 years ago

The repaired code may be posted below somewhere, I havnt looked at this code in a long time, and would prefer to not look at it, its kind of ugly.

PuteraN1 7 years ago

Hi, I built my LED Cube with a common cathode and I can only find scripts for common anode arrangements. Is there any difference between the two and if there is, can anyone help me figure out the code for a common cathode arrangement?

Igan 9 years ago

Reading the common cathode code, I cannot find which are the arduino pins to connect the registers. Are the 16 columns supposed to be conected directly on the arduino? I do not see the clock and latch, nor DS out, can anyone help me?

Igan 9 years ago

Ok I've misreading, but the real code does not compile :c

RobertLu 9 years ago

Ian, you are correct, the posted code on page 12 is wrong on several lines.

In fact each line that contained a '<' is truncated and joined with next line.

Use the code on page 11 looks OK, but the missing formatting (indentation) makes it hard to read.

@HippyNerd: to support your audience you perhaps post the code in a zip file, so the formatting is maintained and no copy-paste errors do occur.

HippyNerd 9 years ago

Yeah, I've been noticing that formatting gets ugly when pasting code. I think that if I attach a file, it doenst have to be compressed plain text should keep its formatting. I will have to repair the cube before I can test any software though :(

Igan 9 years ago

Somehow, I managed to repair the code:

Going thru forums, I found some old code of you. I used it as a guide to change and delete some lines.

But now, I've formatted my pc so I need to search beneath my backups the code. I guess tomorrow or so I'll upload it if I can.

HippyNerd 9 years ago

This code is pretty hacked up, It was kinda hacked up when I got it, and then I did terrible things to it. Its amazing that it works!
This cube design lacks transistors for the planes, which means that the plane pins on the microcontroller are going to take a pretty high load (upto 16 LEDs at one time). I think I also later modified my cube to have resistors on the 16 LED leads.
Honestly, If I was building this cube now, I would use resistors on all 16 LED leads, and transistors on the plan pins. Cleaning the code up would be real helpful too. Making a program to do patterns would be a big benefit also.

RobertLu 9 years ago

You (all) should not build this without the 16 current limiting resistors; otherwise the current will be
uncontrolled high and will overstress the capabilities of the AVR I/O
pin, and that of each LED. There is no real need to use 16 transistors on the data pins because each sinks or sources only one LED at a time; the AVR I/O pin can handle up to 20mA, although the combined current (16x20=320mA) is a bit much for the AVR common power pins. On the 4 planes you must use transistors because it can sink or source the current of up to 16 LEDs at a time.

The resistors have to be calculated such that the LED current is not more than 20mA. For the High intensity LEDs you may calculate for 1 or 5 mA each, unless blinding the audience is intentional.

HippyNerd 9 years ago

I would use 4 transistors, one for each plane pin.
the resistor value, and the current would depend on the LED. most 5mm are 20mA, but you should check the LEDs you are using.
Another option would be to run the LEDs with bigger resistors, so that the plane pins are under 40mA.

Igan 9 years ago

This was my current scheme (I finished this project on the early December).

I guess that some connections on the ICs are a bit unclear but still is undertandsable. The real cube worked 100% perfect.

PuteraN1 7 years ago

Hi I noticed that in the pic above, it is arduino leonardo..... But can I use arduino Uno as well?

Igan 7 years ago

Yes, you can use any other Arduino as long as it has enough pins. Just "rewire" them from the code itself. Good luck!

HippyNerd 9 years ago

That looks real good, although it would be better to put resistors between the LEDs and shift registers *(value would vary, depending on he LEDs used.)

It looks like the shift registers also need 5v and gnd.

RobertLu 9 years ago

I missed something here: the 16 databits are not on the AVR but on two 8-bit shift registers. When using 74HC or 74HCT series, the LED current shall be below 5mA each, and the resistors shall be calculated accordingly.

HippyNerd 9 years ago

Yeah, the original cube that I built was run directly from the microcontroller. the whole point of this instructable was converting it to use shift registers instead, to free up I/O for other things.

Igan 9 years ago

Well, I've found the modified code that I used insert in one of my reports to the university as a plain text.

https://www.mediafire.com/?02lpgwkvg1z4uay

I can't test it right now because I borrowed the ICs from the faculty :\ But should work.

Also, there is a pretty page that does patterns in a graphical mode for the cube.

http://www.robota.nl/en/blog/led-cube-4x4x4-patter...

And finally, a video of mi cube working using the modified code and the demo pattern of the last web.

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/k2qpnoNiwjAlDF9rv...

HippyNerd 9 years ago

This is great Igan. I think that you make an instructable with all your improvements. You can use my pictures, code, whatever you need to make it easier or better.

HippyNerd 9 years ago

I have no idea why you are having trouble, Its pretty hard to say from here.

More Comments

Intro: 4x4x4 LED Cube Upgrade With Shift Registers (74hc595)

STEP 1: Build and Test an LED Cube.

STEP 2: Rewire Your Arduino Connector

STEP 3: Prep Your Chips

STEP 4: Prep Your Wires

STEP 5: Start Building Your Piggybacked Chips (or Install Jumpers)

STEP 6: Solder Up Wires to the Chip Output Pins.

STEP 7: Finish Up the Chips by Soldering Up Their Jumpers

STEP 8: Solder Up Wires to Your Columns

STEP 9: Program Your Cube

STEP 10: 4x4x4 Cube Code for 20 Arduino Pins

STEP 11: 4x4x4 Cube Code With Shift Registers, Common Anode Version

STEP 12: 4x4x4 Cube Code With Shift Registers, Common Anode Version

31 Comments

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