AUTOMATIC WATER CONTROL.... WITH AUTO SHUT DOWN WATER PUMP : 8 Steps

it automatically shut downs water pump wen water tank is full

Components Required
Power supply (6v)
NE 555 timer IC
Resistors (100Ωx2, 10kΩ)
Relay (6V, 30A)
BC 548 transistor x2
1N4007 Diode

Step 1: 555 Ic

Automatic water level controller circuit is a simple engineering project. It can automatically switch ON and OFF the domestic water pump set depending on the tank water level. You can implement this motor driver circuit at your home or college using less costly components.

Step 2: Transistor

The main advantage of this water level controller circuit is that it automatically controls the water pump without any user interaction.
The heart of this pump controller circuit is a NE 555 IC; Here we have manipulated the flip flop inside the 555 timer IC. Our project consists of two water level sensors, one fixed at the top and other at the bottom. Working of this circuit is almost similar to a bi stable mutlivibrator.

Step 3: Sensor

low medium n high

Step 4: Wiring

Working of Automatic water tank level controller
We know the property of 555 timer IC, i.e. its output goes HIGH when voltage at the second pin(trigger pin) is less than 1/3 Vcc.
Also we can reset back the IC by applying a LOW voltage at the 4th pin (Reset pin).
In this project 3 wires are dipped in water tank. Let us define two water levels- Bottom (Low) level and Top (Up) level. One of the wire or probe is from Vcc.
The probe from bottom level is connected to the trigger (2nd) pin of 555 IC. So the voltage at 2nd pin is Vcc when it is covered by water.
When water level goes down, the 2nd pin gets disconnected(untouched) from water i.e. voltage at the trigger pin becomes less than Vcc. Then the output of 555 becomes high.
The output of 555 is fed to a BC548 transistor, it energizes the relay coil and the water pump set is turned ON.
While the water level rises, the top level probe is covered by water and the transistor becomes ON. Its collector voltage goes to Vce(sat) =0.2.
The low voltage at the 4th pin resets the IC. So the output of 555 becomes 0V. Hence the motor will turn OFF automatically.
For simple demonstration of this project you can use a DC motor directly at the output of 555 instead of relay.
For practical implementation, you must use a relay. Rating of relay is chosen according to the load (Motor). 32 Ampere relay is best suited for domestic applications.

Step 5: Circuit Diagram

circuit diagram

Working of Automatic water tank level controller
We know the property of 555 timer IC, i.e. its output goes HIGH when voltage at the second pin(trigger pin) is less than 1/3 Vcc.
Also we can reset back the IC by applying a LOW voltage at the 4th pin (Reset pin).
In this project 3 wires are dipped in water tank. Let us define two water levels- Bottom (Low) level and Top (Up) level. One of the wire or probe is from Vcc.
The probe from bottom level is connected to the trigger (2nd) pin of 555 IC. So the voltage at 2nd pin is Vcc when it is covered by water.
When water level goes down, the 2nd pin gets disconnected(untouched) from water i.e. voltage at the trigger pin becomes less than Vcc. Then the output of 555 becomes high.
The output of 555 is fed to a BC548 transistor, it energizes the relay coil and the water pump set is turned ON.
While the water level rises, the top level probe is covered by water and the transistor becomes ON. Its collector voltage goes to Vce(sat) =0.2.
The low voltage at the 4th pin resets the IC. So the output of 555 becomes 0V. Hence the motor will turn OFF automatically.
For simple demonstration of this project you can use a DC motor directly at the output of 555 instead of relay.
For practical implementation, you must use a relay. Rating of relay is chosen according to the load (Motor). 32 Ampere relay is best suited for domestic applications.