Diy Thermal Camera Telephoto Converter
Intro: Diy Thermal Camera Telephoto Converter
I recently purchased a Seek RevealPro Thermal Camera, which boasts a 320 x 240 thermal sensor with >15 Hz frame rate at an incredibly affordable price.
One of the only issues that I have with this camera is that it comes with a fixed 32° field-of-view lens. This is OK for general thermal inspection, but it’s a real disadvantage when trying to use the camera for close-up work to assess dissipation on printed circuit boards or identifying a faulty or undersized component. On the opposite side of the distance range, the 32° FOV lens makes it difficult to see and measure the temperature of objects at a distance, or of smaller objects at normal distances.
diy "macro" magnifying adapters have been described, but I'm not aware that anyone has shown yet how to build a telephoto converter for one of these cameras.
STEP 1: Simple Telescopes
Imaging an object at a distance with a thermal camera requires a simple telescope made with lenses that work in the 10 µm range. A basic refracting telescope that has two optical elements, an objective and an eyepiece. The objective is a large lens that collects light from a distant object and creates an image of that object in the focal plane. The eyepiece is just a magnifying glass through which the thermal camera can view the virtual image.
As shown in the figure, there are two basic configurations for a refractive telescope: A Keplerian telescope has a converging lens eyepiece and a Galilean telescope has a diverging lens eyepiece. The image as viewed through the Keplerian telescope is inverted, while that produced by a Galilean telescope is upright. The telescope by itself is not an image forming system. Rather, the thermal camera attached to the telescope ultimately forms the image through its own optics.
The magnification of a Keplerian telescope is determined by the ratio between the focal lengths of the objective and eyepiece lenses:
Magnification_Keplerian = fo/fe
The Galilean telescope uses a positive objective and a negative eyepiece, so its magnification is given by:
Magnigication_Galilean = -fo/fe
The size of the objective is also important because the larger its diameter, the more light it can collect, and the better it can resolve close objects.
STEP 2: Selecting Lenses Suitable for Thermal Imaging
Thermal cameras measure the intensity of infrared light at around 10 µm. This is because objects emit blackbody radiation peaking at around that wavelength in accordance with Wien's displacement law. However, normal glass doesn’t transmit light at those wavelengths, so the lenses used in thermal imaging must be made of either Germanium or Zinc Selenide which allow radiation in the 10 µm range to pass through.
Germanium (Ge) lenses are most commonly used for thermal imaging applications because of their broad transmission range (2.0 - 16 µm) in the spectral region of interest. Germanium lenses are opaque to visible light and have a glassy-gray metallic look. They are inert to air, water, alkalis, and most acids. Germanium has an index of refraction of 4.004 at 10.6 µm, and its transmission properties are highly temperature sensitive.
Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) is much more commonly used with CO2 lasers. It has a very broad transmission range (600 nm - 16.0 µm). Because of low absorption in the red portion of the visible spectrum, ZnSe lenses are commonly used in optical systems that combine CO2 lasers (which commonly operate at at 10.6 µm), with inexpensive visible-red HeNe or semiconductor alignment lasers. Their transmission range includes part of the visible spectrum, giving them a deep orange tint.
New infrared lenses can be purchased from Thorlabs, Edmund Optics, and other optical component suppliers. As you can imagine, these lenses are not cheap – Ø1/2" Ge plano-convex lenses from Thorlabs are priced at around $140, while ZnSe lenses are around $160. Ø1” Ge lenses sell for around $240, while ZnSe at this diameter cost around $300. Surplus finds or Far-East offerings are thus best to make the macro and telephoto adapters. ZnSe lenses from China can be bought on eBay® for around $60.
STEP 3: Telephoto Converter Design
I was able to find a Ø1” Ge plano-convex lens with a focal length of 50 mm (similar to a Thorlabs LA9659-E3) and a Ø1/2" Ge plano-convex lens with a focal length of 15 mm (similar to a Thorlabs LA9410-E3) to make my Keplerian telephoto converter. The magnification is thus:
Magnification = fo/fe = 50mm/15mm = 3.33
Telephoto adapters of other magnifications are easy to design using the simple formulas shown above. Please note that the main lens tube’s length may need to be changed, since the distance between the lenses should be close to f0 + fe.
STEP 4: Collect Components for the Telephoto Converter
You will need the following components to construct a telephoto converter like mine (all are Thorlabs parts):
LA9659-E3 Ø1" Ge Plano-Convex Lens, f = 50 mm, AR-Coated: 7-12 µm $241.74
LA9410-E3 Ø1/2" Ge Plano-Convex Lens, f = 15 mm, AR-Coated: 7-12 µm $139.74
SM1V05 Ø1" Adjustable Lens Tube, 0.31" Travel Range $30.25
SM1L15 SM1 Lens Tube, 1.50" Thread Depth, One Retaining Ring Included $15.70
SM1A1 Adapter with External SM05 Threads and Internal SM1 Threads $20.60
SM05L03 SM05 Lens Tube, 0.30" Thread Depth, One Retaining Ring Included $13.80
SM1RR SM1 Retaining Ring for Ø1" Lens Tubes and Mounts $4.50
Total with new germanium lenses $466.33
Housing only$84.85
I housed my telephoto converter in an optical tube made with Thorlab’s SM1 and SM05 tube components. I placed the objective lens at the front of a SM1V05 adjustable lens tube to allow focusing by making it possible to adjust the distance between the lenses. An external SM1 ring is used to lock the focus. Using brand-new parts from Thorlabs you can expect to spend around $466. If you use ZnSe lenses from eBay® and new parts for the housing you’ll probably spend around $200.
The enclosure for the telescope doesn’t need to be as fancy as mine. PVC pipes with some arrangement for focusing (e.g. lens mounted on threaded cap) will work perfectly OK. However, I really like Thorlabs’ SM Tubes because they are relatively inexpensive and perfectly suited for the construction of this type of optical instruments. In addition, the threaded side of the eyepiece’s SM05L03 sits perfectly against the retainer ring of the Seek RevealPRO’s lens.
STEP 5: Construction Step 1: Remove Ring From SM1L15 Tube
Using your fingers or a spanner wrench (e.g. Thorlabs SPW602 which sells for $26.75) remove the SM1 retainer ring that comes inside the SM1L15 tube.
STEP 6: Construction Step 2: Prepare Components for the Assembly of the Objective Lens
Prepare the components that you’ll need for the assembly of the objective lens:
- SM1V05 adjustable lens tube
- Two SM1 retainer rings (one of them comes from the SM1L15 lens tube as shown in prior step)
- Ø1" Ge Plano-Convex Lens, f = 50 mm, AR-Coated: 7-12 µm (or similar)
STEP 7: Construction Step 3: Insert SM1 Retainer Ring Into SM1V05 to a Depth of 6mm
Using a spanner wrench or your fingers, insert one retainer ring into the SM1V05 adjustable lens tube to a depth of approximately 6mm. This may need to change depending on the lens that you chose as your objective. The idea is to allow the lens to sit sufficiently behind to make it possible to use a retainer ring on the other side of the lens.
STEP 8: Construction Step 4: Insert Objective Lens and Outer Retainer Ring
Insert the objective lens with its convex side facing outward and then fix in place using the second retainer ring. Be careful not to over-tighten, since this may damage the lens! If you use tweezers or other tool instead of a spanner wrench be careful not to scratch the lens.
STEP 9: Construction Step 5: Prepare Components for Eyepiece
Prepare the components that you’ll use to assemble the eyepiece:
- SM05L03 lens tube
- SM5 retainer ring (removed from SM05L03 tube)
- Ø1/2" Ge Plano-Convex Lens, f = 15 mm, AR-Coated: 7-12 µm (or similar)
STEP 10: Construction Step 6: Assemble Eyepiece
Assemble the eyepiece by inserting the eyepiece lens into the SM05L03 tube. The convex side should face the external threads (down in the following picture). Fix the lens in position with the SM05 retainer ring. Preferably, use a SM05 spanner wrench (e.g. Thorlabs SPW603, which sells for $24.50) to insert and tighten the SM05 retainer ring. Be careful not to over-tighten, since this may damage the lens! If you use tweezers or other tool instead of a spanner wrench be careful not to scratch the lens.
STEP 11: Construction Step 7: Mount Eyepiece to SM1-to-SM05 Adapter
Screw the eyepiece lens assembly onto a SM1A1 SM1-to-SM05 adapter.
STEP 12: Construction Step 8: Final Assembly
Finally, screw the eyepiece lens assembly (mounted on the SM1A1 adapter) and the objective lens assembly onto the SM1L15 lens tube. This completes the assembly of the Keplerian telephoto converter.
STEP 13: Use the Telephoto Converter
Place the telephoto converter in front of the thermal camera’s lens and start exploring! You should focus the lens by turning the objective lens assembly until the sharpest image of your subject is obtained. The external SM1 ring that comes with the SM1V05 adjustable lens tube can be used to lock the focus setting.
You may want to consider permanently attaching a Thorlabs SM05NT ($6.58) SM05 Locking Ring (ID 0.535"-40, 0.75” OD) to your camera’s lens mount so that you can quickly mount macro or telephoto converters in front of the camera’s lens without affecting its original functionality.
Lastly, remember that a Keplerian telescope inverts the image, so you will see the thermal picture upside-down on your camera’s screen. It takes just a little bit of practice to get used to the fact that pointing the camera with the telephoto converter installed needs movements in the opposite direction of the image.
STEP 14: Performance
I’m very pleased with the results. The figures show some sample images of the telephoto converter in use. The left panes show the image captured through the Seek RevealPRO’s fixed lens. The right panes show the same scene using the ×3.33 telephoto converter. I added an orange rectangle to the images on the left panes to indicate the region magnified by the telephoto converter. The rectangle’s dimensions are 1/3.33 those of the image frame, demonstrating that the magnification achieved by the telephoto converter is indeed ×3.33.
Of course, the lens systems used in the Seek RevealPRO and the telephoto converter are extremely simple, so distortions and vignetting are to be expected. As shown in the photos of my backyard neighbors and of a portion of the sky, vignetting is most apparent when using the telephoto converter to image subjects at a large distance. Nevertheless, details that cannot be seen with the unaided camera are very apparent using the telephoto converter.
STEP 15: Sources
The following are sources for the materials mentioned in this Instructable:
- Seek - www.thermal.com
- Thorlabs – www.thorlabs.com
- Edmund Industrial Optics - www.edmundoptics.com
Note: I am not affiliated in any way with these companies.
Further Reading and Experiments
For more interesting experiments on physics and photography of the unseen world, please look through my books (click here for my books on Amazon.com) and go to my websites: www.diyPhysics.com and www.UVIRimaging.com.
4 Comments
Esinem 3 years ago
1) What effect would using a larger eye piece lens have? I'm finding it hard to find small diameter lenses cheap.
2) It seems hard to find cheap FL 15mm lenses. What effect would it have using something around FL 25mm for the eye-piece and around FL 75mm for the front one? I'm guessing that would give 3x magnification based on the formula. Would it mean a bigger inter-lens distance and less light transmission like a normal camera lens? If so, would it cause a significant loss of performance?
Any suggestions for suitable lenses at bargain basement prices?
ajw107 3 years ago
1) Why did you go Keplerian instead of Galilean, when this would have solved the upside problem? Is it because convex is easier to obtain than concave lenses?
2) Which lens material is better for both macro and telephoto lenses. Ge or ZnSe? Ge sounds good, but has the temperature problem, ZnSe seems easier to acquire.
3) You mention getting a SM05NT locking ring to make things more stable and allow easy switching of lenses. Would this work by gluing the locking ring on the Seek and then you can just screw/unscrew the lenses as needed? I ask as I'll be using this on a Seek Compact Pro (picture attached).
Any advice you can give is greatly appreciated.
MaximeA8 5 years ago
Vipitis 6 years ago
Great project, but rather on the expensive side. I got a 3D printer and can possible design and print housing and mounting option myself. I need 2 lens elements and I don't want to spent more then 100€ on it so I will have a look around eBay. The Lepton core in my phone as a really small sensor and therefore only a tiny image plane is needed. TPLogic offered me a lens assembly for 300$, but I think I can undercut them.
The focussing will make a great difference and the lower fov will increase angular resolution. You should take multiple images and stich them together to archive even higher resolutions!