No-Power Holiday Lights!
Intro: No-Power Holiday Lights!
Strings of bright lights are popular for everything from huge animated Christmas displays to teenage bedroom decor. They're not perfect, though. They eat power. Bulbs can burn out (sometimes taking down the whole strand, depending on the design.) They need to be close to an outlet. Using electricity in the rain or snow isn't the safest thing in the world, either.
I designed this project to be an alternative. These "lights" don't use any source of power, and as long as they get some bright light during they day you'll get at least an hour of glow from them after dark. You can make the "bulbs" any shape and size, and design the length of the strand for the application. They require some effort up front, but can be blissfully ignored once installed.
The science involved here is the use of phosphorescent materials. Phosphors absorb light and slowly release it, creating the glowing effect. Technically, your bulbs will glow all of the time, but during the day it isn't very visible (they just look like pastel bits of plastic) and at night the glow starts out bright, but fades over time. More colors are becoming available all the time - I've used six different colors for my bulbs, instead of just the traditional green glow in the dark. I have found at least 11 different colors online, so you really do have a great number of options.
I did a bit of testing, and found that sunlight was the best for creating bright lights, but florescent and incandescent lights did a surprisingly good job of recharging the glow, too.
I designed this project to be an alternative. These "lights" don't use any source of power, and as long as they get some bright light during they day you'll get at least an hour of glow from them after dark. You can make the "bulbs" any shape and size, and design the length of the strand for the application. They require some effort up front, but can be blissfully ignored once installed.
The science involved here is the use of phosphorescent materials. Phosphors absorb light and slowly release it, creating the glowing effect. Technically, your bulbs will glow all of the time, but during the day it isn't very visible (they just look like pastel bits of plastic) and at night the glow starts out bright, but fades over time. More colors are becoming available all the time - I've used six different colors for my bulbs, instead of just the traditional green glow in the dark. I have found at least 11 different colors online, so you really do have a great number of options.
I did a bit of testing, and found that sunlight was the best for creating bright lights, but florescent and incandescent lights did a surprisingly good job of recharging the glow, too.
STEP 1: Supplies and Equipment
Some of the steps are family friendly, but there are a few that require safe handling and are definitely not suitable for kids. Read all of your product information before you get started and take every possible precaution to keep yourself safe.
Materials:
-white cardstock
-resin - this is Envirotext Light, an epoxy type resin is best for this project (I only used a tiny bit, you can buy a smaller package)
-phosphorescent/glow powders - available all over the internet, this site has a wide range
-string - nylon is my first choice for outdoor use, pretty much anything will hold up indoors
Equipment:
-paper punch
-drill, dremel, or other method of making holes in plastic - I used a 1/16th inch drill bit
-pennies
-waxed paper or other surface protector
-dust mask - keep the powder out of your lungs
-safely glasses - keep flying bits of plastic out of your eyes
-gloves - disposable plastic for resin, leather for drilling your pieces
-mixing cups and stirring devices for your type of resin - I used waxed cups with volume markings and popsicle sticks, that won't work for all resins, check the instructions in your package
Materials:
-white cardstock
-resin - this is Envirotext Light, an epoxy type resin is best for this project (I only used a tiny bit, you can buy a smaller package)
-phosphorescent/glow powders - available all over the internet, this site has a wide range
-string - nylon is my first choice for outdoor use, pretty much anything will hold up indoors
Equipment:
-paper punch
-drill, dremel, or other method of making holes in plastic - I used a 1/16th inch drill bit
-pennies
-waxed paper or other surface protector
-dust mask - keep the powder out of your lungs
-safely glasses - keep flying bits of plastic out of your eyes
-gloves - disposable plastic for resin, leather for drilling your pieces
-mixing cups and stirring devices for your type of resin - I used waxed cups with volume markings and popsicle sticks, that won't work for all resins, check the instructions in your package
STEP 2: Punch Your Pieces
White cardstock is best because a white background will help your glow colors pop. Using a different color of cardstock won't ruin it, your colors just won't be as bright. Also, don't use paper, it's not strong enough for resin.
Punch a piece of paper for each bulb. I used a 1 inch circle, but you can obviously make your bulbs whatever shape and size you want, and you can cut instead of punching. Make letters for a fancy happy birthday sign, hearts for valentine's day, morse code dots and dashes, whatever you want.
Punch or cut everything you plan to use ahead of time.
Punch a piece of paper for each bulb. I used a 1 inch circle, but you can obviously make your bulbs whatever shape and size you want, and you can cut instead of punching. Make letters for a fancy happy birthday sign, hearts for valentine's day, morse code dots and dashes, whatever you want.
Punch or cut everything you plan to use ahead of time.
STEP 3: Prepare Your Workspace
Cover your work surface with waxed paper, newspaper, etc. I use waxed paper because it lays out flat, and drips peel off so I can keep using the same piece for a while.
Place a penny on your surface, then a punched piece on top of it. The penny is there to keep the cardstock off the work surface. Make sure the penny is smaller than the cardstock piece, or find some other flat object to set each piece on. You want any extra resin to drip off the cardstock.
Arrange as many penny/cardstock stacks onto your work surface as you can without any touching. It's okay if you don't have the pennies and/or space for all of your bulbs - make some, let them harden, then make more.
Place a penny on your surface, then a punched piece on top of it. The penny is there to keep the cardstock off the work surface. Make sure the penny is smaller than the cardstock piece, or find some other flat object to set each piece on. You want any extra resin to drip off the cardstock.
Arrange as many penny/cardstock stacks onto your work surface as you can without any touching. It's okay if you don't have the pennies and/or space for all of your bulbs - make some, let them harden, then make more.
STEP 4: Mix the Resin
This is the time for gloves, a dust mask, safety glasses and anything else you can come up with to keep the resin off your skin and the dust out of your lungs. This stuff is toxic now, but once it's mixed and hardened it's very, very safe (but still don't eat it, which really shouldn't be something I have to tell you.)
Envirotex is a two part resin that you mix in an equal 1:1 ratio. I used 10ml of each part (20ml total) and was able to cover 20-25 circles with that much resin.
Pour one part of your resin into the cup, up to whatever volume you're planning to use. Add some powder. I wasn't very scientific - I just put a generous layer of powder in. (If you're planning to make a bunch it would be wise to do some samples with weighed or measured powder and compare the effects.) Stir in the powder, then add the other part of your resin. Stir this together for one minute, making sure to periodically scrape down the sides.
*THIS IS IMPORTANT* Transfer the mixed resin into another container, and give it another stir. This is how you avoid having permanent "wet" spots on your finished pieces.
Envirotex is a two part resin that you mix in an equal 1:1 ratio. I used 10ml of each part (20ml total) and was able to cover 20-25 circles with that much resin.
Pour one part of your resin into the cup, up to whatever volume you're planning to use. Add some powder. I wasn't very scientific - I just put a generous layer of powder in. (If you're planning to make a bunch it would be wise to do some samples with weighed or measured powder and compare the effects.) Stir in the powder, then add the other part of your resin. Stir this together for one minute, making sure to periodically scrape down the sides.
*THIS IS IMPORTANT* Transfer the mixed resin into another container, and give it another stir. This is how you avoid having permanent "wet" spots on your finished pieces.
STEP 5: Pour the Resin
Immediately start to cover your paper in resin. You can pour from your cup, but I had the best results with using my popsicle stick like a spoon to drip a bit of resin onto the paper. The resin will self level and spread, so only put enough on to cover about 50% of the surface.
After applying resin to 10 or so pieces, look back and first and assess if it needs a little more resin. If it's covered or close to covered, leave it alone. It it has large gaps add one drop, then check again in a bit.
Keep working. Resin will harden up surprisingly quickly at times.
After applying resin to 10 or so pieces, look back and first and assess if it needs a little more resin. If it's covered or close to covered, leave it alone. It it has large gaps add one drop, then check again in a bit.
Keep working. Resin will harden up surprisingly quickly at times.
STEP 6: Leave It Alone
After you've used up your resin the pieces will probably have bubbles. Read the package directions, but my choice is generally to breath on them to pop the bubbles. The carbon dioxide you exhale does a great job of taking care of the bubbles.
Breath on them until the bubbles are gone, then walk away. It will be pretty easy to tell when the job is done.
Leave the parts to set up for 24 hours. For real. JUST LEAVE THEM ALONE. All you can do now is ruin a good job.
Breath on them until the bubbles are gone, then walk away. It will be pretty easy to tell when the job is done.
Leave the parts to set up for 24 hours. For real. JUST LEAVE THEM ALONE. All you can do now is ruin a good job.
STEP 7: The Back of the Bulb
Resin doesn't dry, it hardens. There's no water in the process. Chemicals in the resin react and that causes it to harden. The reaction generates heat, and resin will harden faster in a warm room than in a cool one.
Once your bulbs are hardened, remove them from their support pennies. If drips of resin have stuck the pennies use a pair of pliers to pop the resin off. This works better when the resin is nor more than a few days old.
You have a decision to make at this point. If the string will be indoors and against something like a wall or the bulbs will be glued to something, they're done.
If the bulbs will be seen from both sides or used outdoors you'd better cover the back, too. You can use resin with the same color of glow powder for the brightest lights, resin with a white resin dye added to it to help with the color pop, or clear resin for the backing.
You can also add more layers for a thicker, more domed piece. Do a test - some resins layer very well and some don't.
Once your bulbs are hardened, remove them from their support pennies. If drips of resin have stuck the pennies use a pair of pliers to pop the resin off. This works better when the resin is nor more than a few days old.
You have a decision to make at this point. If the string will be indoors and against something like a wall or the bulbs will be glued to something, they're done.
If the bulbs will be seen from both sides or used outdoors you'd better cover the back, too. You can use resin with the same color of glow powder for the brightest lights, resin with a white resin dye added to it to help with the color pop, or clear resin for the backing.
You can also add more layers for a thicker, more domed piece. Do a test - some resins layer very well and some don't.
STEP 8: Drill the Holes
If you'll be stringing these up you'll need holes.
If you have a way to clamp the pieces use it. Otherwise wear leather gloves and keep your fingers away from the drill bit. Wear a dust mask to avoid inhaling dust and wear eye protection to keep bits of plastic shrapnel from blinding you.
Slowly drill each piece.
Brush off any dust immediately.
If you're planning to glue these to something you can (obviously) skip this step.
If you have a way to clamp the pieces use it. Otherwise wear leather gloves and keep your fingers away from the drill bit. Wear a dust mask to avoid inhaling dust and wear eye protection to keep bits of plastic shrapnel from blinding you.
Slowly drill each piece.
Brush off any dust immediately.
If you're planning to glue these to something you can (obviously) skip this step.
STEP 9: String Them
To avoid having to pull miles of string through each piece, here's an easy way to knot them onto a cord:
Select the approximate point on the string where you want the bulb hanging.
Fold the string at that point.
Push the folded part of the string through the front of the bulb.
Bring that loop down and around the bottom of that bulb.
Tighten.
Continue adding bulbs until you have the light strand you want!
Select the approximate point on the string where you want the bulb hanging.
Fold the string at that point.
Push the folded part of the string through the front of the bulb.
Bring that loop down and around the bottom of that bulb.
Tighten.
Continue adding bulbs until you have the light strand you want!
STEP 10: Use Them!
Hang them somewhere with some daytime sun and they'll keep glowing night after night for years.
The glow powder and resin combo has the potential to be useful in all sorts of situations. I know I would have loved to have some glowing nightlights when I was kid. Or, turn it around and make glowing eyes for the plush animals nightmares are made of.
If you make these take a picture and post it in the comments!
The glow powder and resin combo has the potential to be useful in all sorts of situations. I know I would have loved to have some glowing nightlights when I was kid. Or, turn it around and make glowing eyes for the plush animals nightmares are made of.
If you make these take a picture and post it in the comments!
33 Comments
Xamu 12 years ago
technoplastique 12 years ago
Monsterguy 12 years ago
...but that's all just conjecture, based on almost nothing :)
Xamu 12 years ago
Following your train of thought, if we think about this project along the lines of a taillight in a vehicle, you're right! The light released from the powder does not go in just one direction. The light goes away from the reflector (in this case, cardstock) AND also towards the reflector (cardstock) and is reflected back. (This is why white cardstock works better than other colors. It's a better reflector.)
To further add to the overall conjecture :o) . . . I suspect that having a shiny, more efficient reflector (aluminum foil on cardstock or perhaps a stiff bit of Mylar film) will make the glow appear brighter.
How much? Hard to say but since the efficiency of the glow powder as a light source is relatively low to begin with, any inexpensive improvement is probably worthwhile.
I further believe that in sunlight the resin color would have a deeper shade and appear more jewel-like. That's because light must pass through the colored resin before being reflected [more efficiently] and back through the resin.
Chester's idea of plastic report covers is interesting because the glow would be seen better from both sides of the disk. It would probably appear dimmer because there would be no reflecting of the light off the substrate, BUT . . . if you used a colored plastic, new possibilities open up. Green glow powder on a red plastic would appear green from one side and (some shade of) yellow from the other (assuming that it was only coated on one side).
It would also probably look prettier in the sunlight because it would be translucent if not transparent.
jpnagle59 12 years ago
technoplastique 12 years ago
0jack 12 years ago
moffett8 12 years ago
chestersgarage 12 years ago
technoplastique 12 years ago
Green_Primus 12 years ago
technoplastique 12 years ago
I also might test spraying on a coat of a sticky clear paint, dusting the powder over that, and then spraying on another clear coat when the first layer dries. That would circumvent the airbrush and powder problem and still give you a 3D object finish!
Green_Primus 12 years ago
1) Spray "PingPongBall" with adhesive,
2) Roll ball in "Dust",
3) Clear coat,
4) repeat 1 thou 3..
technoplastique 12 years ago
jpnagle59 12 years ago
technoplastique 12 years ago
anishi 12 years ago
this paint was used by someone making a "night bike"{https://www.instructables.com/id/Night-Bike/} it would be great for this too!
technoplastique 12 years ago
Xamu 12 years ago
technoplastique 12 years ago