RAK811 Based LoRa Node Powered by AA Batteries

by Galopago

59010

Intro: RAK811 Based LoRa Node Powered by AA Batteries

LoRa node conceived for experimentation. Easy to interface to multiple kind of sensors. Designed to fit inside a generic waterproof enclosure, just add a pair of AA alkaline batteries and deploy!

Core component: RAK811 LoRa module.

STEP 1: Key Features

  • Open source Hardware & Software

  • Powered by 2xAA (1.5v) batteries.

  • Waterproof & wall mountable.

  • RAK811=SX1276+STM32L151. No additional μC needed.

  • Build environment: RAK RUI API, or STM32 CUBE LoRa stack.

  • Prototyping/expansion area.

  • Pad for a spring antenna or U.FL connector for external ant

STEP 2: Bill of Materials

STEP 3: Printed Circuit Boards

STEP 4: Software

STEP 5: Customization

The project is divided in four main aspects: power source, enclosure, antenna and expansion which can be modified for the exact requirements. Finally a sample application is given as a way to show how to implement your own sensor solution.

Power source
The device can work from 1.8v up to 3.7v. There are many alternatives to power it:

  • 2 x AA alkaline batteries. JP1 jumper positions 1-2 shorted

  • 1 x 14500 lithium battery. JP1 jumper positions 2-3 shorted.

    The BT2 battery holder could be removed, freeing up some PCB space.

  • External power applied to J1 screw terminal. BT1 and BT2 battery holders could be removed, freeing up even more PCB space.

Enclosure

The PCB fits inside a “generic” unbranded 83x58x33mm waterproof plastic enclosure. These enclosures came in multiple flavors: gray, white, black, clear lid, wall mounting tabs. The board is fixed to the enclosure by two self tapping screws.


STEP 6: Expansion

The prototyping area contains through hole soldering pads routed to all pins of RAK811 module, plus some small amount of free connected pads for prototyping. Connections for outside detachable sensors are provided via W,X,Y,Z screw terminals. If the vast prototyping area isn’t enough, female pin headers could be soldered and an expansion board could be plugged in. Notice that RAK811-LF and RAK811-HF have slighter differences in some i/o pins Antenna options

Internal spring antena soldered on J6, JP2 jumper positions 1-2 shorted. External antenna using U.FL. connector, JP2 jumper positions 2-3 shorted. Provisioning

As the code was derived from a RAK Wireless existing product, it uses de same AT commands for provisioning using UART. Here is the manual with the complete AT commands. Sample application

STEP 7: Sample Application

The sample applications consist in a LoRa magnetic switch sensor
which transmits a packet when the switch opens or closes. A very small reed switch is installed in one of the walls inside enclosure. Breakout board was used to install the supplementary electronic components: Led indicator, pullup resistors, test button, and voltage divider for battery monitoring. Any other kind of switch sensor (ball inclination sensor, spring vibration sensor, etc.) could be added! PVDF wire was used to make connections because the insulation resists pretty well soldering iron abuse!. For more information about the PCB or the firmware, don’t forget to read the linked repositories.

STEP 8: Optional Components: