Introduction: SMART CAR PARKING
Now days finding parking in busy areas is very hard and there is no system to get the details of parking availability online. Imagine if you can get the parking slot availability information on your phone and you don’t have roaming around to check the availability. This problem can be solved by the IoT based smart parking system. Using the IoT based parking system you can easily access the parking slot availability over the internet. This system can completely automate the car parking system. From your entry to the payment and exit all can be done automatically.
So here we are building an IOT based Car Parking System using NodeMCU, five IR sensors, and two servo motors. Two IR sensors are used at entry and exit gate to detect the car while three IR sensors are used to detect the parking slot availability. Servo motors are used to open and close the gates according to the sensor value. Here we are using the Adafruit IO platform to show publish the data on cloud which can be monitored from anywhere in the world.
Supplies
Step 1: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
In this Smart Parking System using IOT, we are using five IR Sensors and two servo motors. IR sensors and Servo motors are connected to the NodeMCU. NodeMCU controls the complete process and sends the parking availability and parking time information to Adafruit IO so that it can be monitored from anywhere in the world using this platform. Two IR sensors are used at entry and exit gate so that it can detect the cars at entry and exit gate and automatically open and close the gate. We previously used Adafruit IO cloud in many IoT projects, follow the link to learn more.
Two servo motors are used as entry and exit gate, so whenever the IR sensor detects a car, the servo motor automatically rotates from 45° to 140°, and after a delay, it will return to its initial position. Another three IR sensors are used to detect if the parking slot is available or occupied and send the data to NodeMCU. Adafruit IO dashboard also has two buttons to manually operate the entry and exit gate.
This is how this complete setup for Smart Parking System using IOT will look:
Step 2: ARDUINO PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE
To program NodeMCU with Arduino IDE go to File–>Perferences–>Settings.
Enter https:// arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json into the ‘Additional Board Manager URL’ field and click ‘Ok’.
Now go to Tools > Board > Boards Manager.
In Boards Manager window, Type esp in the search box, esp8266 will be listed there below. Now select the latest version of the board and click on install.
After installation is complete, go to Tools >Board >and select NodeMCU 1.0(ESP-12E Module). Now you can program NodeMCU with Arduino IDE.
Complete code for this Smart Parking System using IOT is given at the end of this tutorial, here we are explaining the program step by step so that you can easily understand the working of this code.
First, include all the required libraries. ESP8266 Wi-Fi and Servo.h libraries are already installed in the IDE. You can download the NTP client and Adafruit MQTT libraries from the below links:
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> #include <Servo.h> #include <NTPClient.h> #include <WiFiUdp.h> #include <NTPClient.h>; #include <WiFiUdp.h> #include "Adafruit_MQTT.h" #include "Adafruit_MQTT_Client.h"
Step 3: PROGRAMMING CODE
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <Servo.h>
#include <NTPClient.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <NTPClient.h>;
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include "Adafruit_MQTT.h"
#include "Adafruit_MQTT_Client.h"
const char *ssid = "vivo Y73"; // Enter your WiFi Name
const char *pass = "harika13"; // Enter your WiFi Password
#define MQTT_SERV "io.adafruit.com"
#define MQTT_PORT 1883
#define MQTT_NAME "Harika13"
#define MQTT_PASS "aio_wgsC31nrFbTOuSsbvIoi0UPMXVO9"
WiFiUDP ntpUDP;
NTPClient timeClient(ntpUDP, "pool.ntp.org", 19800,60000);
Servo myservo; //servo as gate
Servo myservos; //servo as gate `````````````````````````````
int carEnter = D0; // entry sensor
int carExited = D2; //exi sensor
int slot3 = D3;
int slot2 = D5;
int slot1 = D6;
int count =0;
int CLOSE_ANGLE = 80; // The closing angle of the servo motor arm
int OPEN_ANGLE = 0; // The opening angle of the servo motor arm
int hh, mm, ss;
int pos;
int pos1;
String h, m,EntryTimeSlot1,ExitTimeSlot1, EntryTimeSlot2,ExitTimeSlot2, EntryTimeSlot3,ExitTimeSlot3;
boolean entrysensor, exitsensor,s1,s2,s3;
boolean s1_occupied = false;
boolean s2_occupied = false;
boolean s3_occupied = false;
WiFiClient client;
Adafruit_MQTT_Client mqtt(&client, MQTT_SERV, MQTT_PORT, MQTT_NAME, MQTT_PASS);
//Set up the feed you're subscribing to
Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe EntryGate = Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe(&mqtt, MQTT_NAME "/f/EntryGate");
Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe ExitGate = Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe(&mqtt, MQTT_NAME "/f/ExitGate");
//Set up the feed you're publishing to
Adafruit_MQTT_Publish CarsParked = Adafruit_MQTT_Publish(&mqtt,MQTT_NAME "/f/CarsParked");
Adafruit_MQTT_Publish EntrySlot1 = Adafruit_MQTT_Publish(&mqtt,MQTT_NAME "/f/EntrySlot1");
Adafruit_MQTT_Publish ExitSlot1 = Adafruit_MQTT_Publish(&mqtt,MQTT_NAME "/f/ExitSlot1");
Adafruit_MQTT_Publish EntrySlot2 = Adafruit_MQTT_Publish(&mqtt,MQTT_NAME "/f/EntrySlot2");
Adafruit_MQTT_Publish ExitSlot2 = Adafruit_MQTT_Publish(&mqtt,MQTT_NAME "/f/ExitSlot2");
Adafruit_MQTT_Publish EntrySlot3 = Adafruit_MQTT_Publish(&mqtt,MQTT_NAME "/f/EntrySlot3");
Adafruit_MQTT_Publish ExitSlot3 = Adafruit_MQTT_Publish(&mqtt,MQTT_NAME "/f/ExitSlot3");
void setup() {
delay(1000);
Serial.begin (9600);
mqtt.subscribe(&EntryGate);
mqtt.subscribe(&ExitGate);
timeClient.begin();
myservo.attach(D4); // servo pin to D6
myservos.attach(D7); // servo pin to D5
pinMode(carExited, INPUT); // ir as input
pinMode(carEnter, INPUT); // ir as input
pinMode(slot1, INPUT);
pinMode(slot2, INPUT);
pinMode(slot3, INPUT);
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass); //try to connect with wifi
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.print(ssid); // display ssid
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
Serial.print("."); // if not connected print this
delay(500);
}
Serial.println();
Serial.print("Connected to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
Serial.print("IP Address is : ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); //print local IP address
}
void loop() {
MQTT_connect();
timeClient.update();
hh = timeClient.getHours();
mm = timeClient.getMinutes();
ss = timeClient.getSeconds();
h= String(hh);
m= String(mm);
h +" :" + m;
entrysensor= !digitalRead(carEnter);
exitsensor = !digitalRead(carExited);
s1 = digitalRead(slot1);
s2 = digitalRead(slot2);
s3 = digitalRead(slot3);
if (entrysensor == 1) { // if high then count and send data
count= count+1; //increment count
myservos.write(OPEN_ANGLE);
Serial.print("opened");
delay(3000);
myservos.write(CLOSE_ANGLE);
Serial.print("closed");
}
if (exitsensor == 1) { //if high then count and send
count= count-1; //decrement count
myservo.write(OPEN_ANGLE);
Serial.print("opened");
delay(3000);
myservo.write(CLOSE_ANGLE);
Serial.print("closed");
}
if (! CarsParked.publish(count)) {}
if (s1 == 1 && s1_occupied == false) {
Serial.println("Occupied1 ");
EntryTimeSlot1 = h +" :" + m;
//Serial.print("EntryTimeSlot1");
//Serial.print(EntryTimeSlot1);
s1_occupied = true;
if (! EntrySlot1.publish((char*) EntryTimeSlot1.c_str())){}
}
if(s1 == 0 && s1_occupied == true) {
Serial.println("Available1 ");
ExitTimeSlot1 = h +" :" + m;
//Serial.print("ExitTimeSlot1");
//Serial.print(ExitTimeSlot1);
s1_occupied = false;
if (! ExitSlot1.publish((char*) ExitTimeSlot1.c_str())){}
}
if (s2 == 1&& s2_occupied == false) {
Serial.println("Occupied2 ");
EntryTimeSlot2 = h +" :" + m;
//Serial.print("EntryTimeSlot2");
//Serial.print(EntryTimeSlot2);
s2_occupied = true;
if (! EntrySlot2.publish((char*) EntryTimeSlot2.c_str())){}
}
if(s2 == 0 && s2_occupied == true) {
Serial.println("Available2 ");
ExitTimeSlot2 = h +" :" + m;
//Serial.print("ExitTimeSlot2");
//Serial.print(ExitTimeSlot2);
s2_occupied = false;
if (! ExitSlot2.publish((char*) ExitTimeSlot2.c_str())){}
}
if (s3 == 1&& s3_occupied == false) {
Serial.println("Occupied3 ");
EntryTimeSlot3 = h +" :" + m;
//Serial.print("EntryTimeSlot3: ");
//Serial.print(EntryTimeSlot3);
s3_occupied = true;
if (! EntrySlot3.publish((char*) EntryTimeSlot3.c_str())){}
}
if(s3 == 0 && s3_occupied == true) {
Serial.println("Available3 ");
ExitTimeSlot3 = h +" :" + m;
//Serial.print("ExitTimeSlot3: ");
//Serial.print(ExitTimeSlot3);
s3_occupied = false;
if (! ExitSlot3.publish((char*) ExitTimeSlot3.c_str())){ }
}
Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe * subscription;
while ((subscription = mqtt.readSubscription(5000)))
{
if (subscription == &EntryGate)
{
//Print the new value to the serial monitor
Serial.println((char*) EntryGate.lastread);
if (!strcmp((char*) EntryGate.lastread, "ON"))
{
myservos.write(OPEN_ANGLE);
Serial.print("opened");
delay(3000);
myservos.write(CLOSE_ANGLE);
Serial.print("closed");
}
}
if (subscription == &ExitGate)
{
//Print the new value to the serial monitor
Serial.println((char*) EntryGate.lastread);
if (!strcmp((char*) ExitGate.lastread, "ON"))
{
myservo.write(OPEN_ANGLE);
Serial.print("opened");
delay(3000);
myservo.write(CLOSE_ANGLE);
Serial.print("closed");
}
}
}
}
void MQTT_connect()
{
int8_t ret;
// Stop if already connected.
if (mqtt.connected())
{
return;
}
uint8_t retries = 3;
while ((ret = mqtt.connect()) != 0) // connect will return 0 for connected
{
mqtt.disconnect();
delay(5000); // wait 5 seconds
retries--;
if (retries == 0)
{
// basically die and wait for WDT to reset me
while (1);
}
}
}
