This is a class for someone who would like to learn how to build electronics that live on and interact with the body. There are many disciplines of wearable computing and technology; this class focuses on creating circuits using conductive thread and fabric, programming a microcontroller with Arduino and techniques specific to soft circuits.

Building wearable electronics is fun and you can build lots of creative and innovative projects once you nail down the basics and get some hands-on experience. Whether you have a project in mind, or just want to explore the possibilities, this class is for you. In this lesson, I will go over the format of the class, what you will be building, and a short (very short) history of wearable electronics.

This class teaches you the basics and focuses on getting you to think creatively about wearable electronic applications. I go step-by-step with you through all the exercises as you sew and build circuits. Throughout lessons, you will also have opportunities to explore and discover on your own. You will be introduced to sewing, electronics, the combination of the two and the Arduino software. Through the majority of this class, you will be learning several concepts and techniques through building projects and by making tools that will help you through your wearable electronic adventures.

When the microcontroller and the Arduino software is introduced, you will upload code see what it does then I will explain how it works and suggest ways to alter it so you can see how it works.

Step 1: Class Projects

The LED Pin or Patch project is a project that gets you familiar with electricity and introduces you to conductive thread.

Topics:

+ how to work with conductive thread
+ intro to electronics (voltage, resistance, current, parallel and series)
+ the running stitch

The Snap Switch and Modular LilyPad projects speak to techniques and tools that you will want to use time and again if you continue to build wearable projects.

Topics:

+ what a switch is and how to make one
+ how to make different connections when building wearable electronics
+ the basting stitch

The Hi-5 Collector is a project that makes social interaction game-like by introducing a goal to achieve by collecting high-fives. Itteaches you how to design a switch for a specific physical action, make a simple pattern and introduces you to the digital input and how to insulate a soft circuit.

Topics:

+ introduction to Arduino software
+ how to upload and manipulate Arduino sketches
+ digital input and output
+ how to transfer a circuit from alligator clips to fabric
+ the uneven running stitch
+ how to insulate soft circuits

The Slouch Alert is a project that teaches you how to read a body's movements using a handmade flex sensor and alerts you when you are slouching. With the same circuit, I will also go over briefly how to trigger audio files by turning the LilyPad USB into a keyboard and using it with Soundplant, a sound triggering software.

Topics:

+ analog input and output
+ how to make a flex sensor
+ building a circuit out of conductive fabric
+ making the LilyPad USB into a keyboard

LED patch or pin

Snap switch/ground breakout pad

Modular LilyPad

Hi-5 collector

Handmade flex sensor

Slouch Alert

Step 2: What Are Wearable Electronics?

Wearable technology has been around for quite some time. Although purely mechanical, one of the first game-changers was the pocket watch. As we got better at harnessing electricity, inventions like batteries, radios, and the transistor came to be.

The first wearable computer is documented to be a device created by Edward O. Thorpe and Claude Shannon. It was built to cheat at the betting game roulette by predicting where the ball would land on a roulette wheel. The whole setup consisted of a timing device in a shoe, a computer strapped across the chest and an ear piece that delivered a tone in the ear of the wearer.

Wearable electronics can mean a lot of different things. It can include electronic wrist watches you find in the market today and stickers that go on the skin to monitor health designed for the future. The type of wearable electronics we will be exploring in this class are soft circuits. Soft circuits are the practice of building electronic circuits from soft and flexible conductive materials. These materials include thread, yarns, fabric, wools and even soft rubbers like silicone. In this class, you will get to work with conductive thread and fabric and a resistive plastic called Velostat.

Coming from a fashion and textile background, this is what got me into wearable electronics. I find working with conductive thread and fabric promotes a certain level of hand work, craftsmanship, and troubleshooting that you don't get from using wire or circuit boards.

Step 3: Tools and Materials

In this lesson, you will be introduced to the materials and tools needed to take this class and where to buy them. I link to the cheapest options, trying to keep things grouped between a few companies to help with shipping costs for the international folk. If a link is no longer good or you need help finding an item, feel free to message me!

Supply List:

4x 8" x 12" sheets of wool felt
Fitted T-shirt
Sewing needles
Conductive thread
All-purpose thread
Fabric scissors
Craft scissors
Seam ripper
Soft measuring tape
Ruler
Straight pins
Sew-on snaps
Fabric glue
1 foot Shieldit Super conductive fabric
1 foot of Velostat resistive plastic
Disappearing ink fabric marker or tailor's chalk
Iron and ironing board
Sticky back Velcro tape
Heat 'n' Bond
5mm LEDs
Resistor kit
Multimeter
2 sewable coincell battery holder
2 CR2032 batteries
1000mAh Lipoly battery
USB microB cable
LilyPad USB microcontroller
LilyPad vibe board
Sewable LEDs
Flex sensor
Needlenose pliers
Long alligator clip leads
Short alligator clip leads
Computer with Arduino software and USB port
USB hub if computer only has USB 3 ports (newer Macs)
Light diffusion materials like hot glue sticks, parchment paper, or poly-fil

Step 4: Wool Felt

[x4] 8" x 12" sheets of wool felt

100% sheep's wool felt is much nicer than the acrylic felt found in your local fabric store. The acrylic felt will also not be able to tolerate the heat of an iron, it's made of plastic and will melt! Buy a few colors for variety or stock up on your favorite color.

Step 5: Fitted T-shirt

[x1] fitted t-shirt.

The fitted part is important because you will be attaching a sensor to it to read body movements. The sensor will need to be close to the body and held there in order for it to bend and move with you. The shirt should be made of a medium-weight knit because you will be sewing to it and don't want the material to tear easily.

Step 6: Sewing Needles

[x1] pack of sewing needles (embroidery recommended)

This class does not require a sewing machine, instead, you will be hand sewing your projects. If you have a machine, you are welcome to use it.

The needles will be used with regular and conductive thread, the latter can be fairly thick, so choose a needle that has a medium to large sized eye. The trick is to get a needle that has a large eye but isn't too thick. You can end up punching large holes in materials if the needle is too large. Embroidery needles are usually a good choice, they are thin and sharp, but have a larger eye than standard needles.

Step 7: Thread

[x1] bobbin conductive 3-ply thread

Adafruit, who distributes this thread, also sells 2-ply, which is thinner. The one that is more all-purpose is the 3-ply, so that is required. Feel free to purchase the 2-ply to try out for yourself.

[x1] spool polyester all-purpose thread that matches your felt

Only one spool is necessary, but feel free to stock up on other colors or a small kit for variety. Gutermann is my favorite brand, so I've linked to them.

Step 8: Blades and Rulers

[x1] pair of scissors

Ginghers are my favorite for sewing projects, but you can get a sharp pair for cheaper. Keep them dedicated to cutting fabric to keep them sharp. A small pair of scissors is very handy for when you need to get into smaller places but they are not necessary.

[x1] pair of craft scissors

For cutting sticky back velcro, paper, and for all else that is not fabric.

[x1] seam ripper

[x1] soft measuring tape

[x1] straight edge ruler

A grid ruler is great for squaring lines but any straight ruler will do.

Step 9: Straight Pins

[x1] box of straight pins

These are used to hold fabric in place while sewing or prototyping. These are extra fine pins and are made for delicate fabric, this means that they are sharp and thin, so they glide through fabric very easily. Even though they are made for delicate fabric, I think they are the best for general purpose sewing too.

Step 10: Snaps

[x1] 30 pack of sew-on snaps

Step 11: Fabric Glue

[x1] bottle of fabric glue

There are many kinds of fabric glue, depending on what kind of hold and what type of fabric you are applying it to. The one I link to Fabri-Tac, it's the most permanent fabric glue I know of that you can get in a fabric store. It's great and has a very strong hold.

I also use Aleene's Ok to Wash. It can be machine washed, has a low odor and isn't as thick as Fabri-Tac which makes it more manageable. It's a lighter glue I use for securing knots.

Step 12: Iron-on Conductive Fabric

[x1] foot of Shieldit Super conductive fabric with hot melt adhesive backing.

Scroll down the page to find Shieldit Super.

Step 13: Resistive Plastic: Velostat

[1x] foot of Velostat by 3M resistant plastic.

Scroll down the page to find Velostat by 3M.

Step 14: Fabric Marker

[x1] disappearing ink fabric marker

There are several marking tools for fabric out there, I also use tailor's chalk.

Step 15: Ironing Supplies

[x1] iron

[x1] ironing board

Step 16: Sticky Back Velcro

[x1] pack of 24" x 3/4" of sticky back velcro tape.

You can get any width from 5/8" - 1" if you would like to buy it from your local fabric store.

Step 17: Heat 'n' Bond

[x1] package of Heat 'n' Bond

This comes in light-weight or heavy-weight. Either will work for this class. Heat 'n' Bond can also be purchased at your local fabric or craft store.

Step 18: 5mm LEDs

[x1] assorted pack of 5mm LEDs

You technically just need one, but the rest are good for experimentation, plus they are affordable enough that getting a pack of multiples makes more sense in the long run. You will use these down the road if you build more circuits. If you want to purchase them individually, you can do so here.

Step 19: Resistor Kit

[x1] resistor kit

Step 20: Multimeter

[x1] multimeter

An essential tool for circuit building! It can read how much power a battery has left if, you have made good electrical connections, and more.

Step 21: Power

[x2] sewable coin cell holder

[x2] 2032 coin cell batteries

[x1] 1000 mAh Polymer Lithium Ion (LiPo) battery

[x1] USB microB cable

Step 22: Microcontroller

[x1] LilyPad USB microcontroller

The LilyPad USB is sewable and great for beginners. Take a look at the Introducing the Microcontroller lesson if you would like to learn more about this board and what else is available before purchasing one.

Step 23: Vibe Board

[1x] vibe board

Step 24: Sewable LEDs

[x1] 5 piece packs of LilyPad LEDs

These LEDs come in several colors: Pink, Yellow, Blue, Green, White, Red and Purple.

Step 25: Flex Sensor

[x1] 4.5" Spectra Symbol flex sensor

This can be found here or sometimes on sale through Amazon which is linked above.

Step 26: Needle-nose Plier

[x1] needle-nose plier

Rounded nose pliers are preferred but any small plier will do the trick, this is for bending small gauges of wire.

Step 27: Alligator Leads

[x1] 12 pack of alligator leads

[x1] 12 pack of short alligator leads

These are used to clip circuits together when using a sewable microcontroller.

Step 28: Computer

You will be writing programs and uploading them to the microcontroller via a computer's USB port. If you don't already have one, find a computer that you can download software onto and can have access to for the duration of the class.

Step 29: Light Diffusing Materials

These can be thought of as optional right now since I go over techniques that use either hot glue and parchment or polyester filling to diffuse an LED with. Feel free to hold off on these until you get to the lesson where you can choose or stock up on them now.

[x1] mini glue gun + glue sticks

[small] piece of parchment paper

[small] piece of poly-fil