Introduction: Linkit One Text to Speech
While technology improves everyday, so we all may depend on text to speech on our smart phone, as specially while driving (GPS System). But how would it be if you can make the Linkit One Talk, sounds cool right. In this instructable I'm going to show you how to set up text to speech on your Linkit One. While the quality of audio might not be as great as that of a smart phone but still is is really cool to make your Linkit One talk.
Step 1: Tools and Components
All the components you require for this instructable are -
- Linkit One
- Computer Speakers with Amplifier
- Wires
- Alligator clips
- Micro USB Cable
Step 2: Circuit
There is not much of a circuit all you need to do is connect digital pin 6 form the Linkit One to the speakers with the help of alligator clips. I used a 3.5mm Jack to make the connections much more simpler. You need a speaker with an internal amplifier or you wont be able to hear any output form the Linkit One. And connecting a speaker directly to an Linkit One might burn the board.
Step 3: Code
Copy the below code and paste the below code in the Arduino IDE and then select a suitable COM port and upload the code to the Linkit One.
#include
#include #includeuint16_t pitchPhase, form1Phase,form2Phase,form3Phase; uint16_t pitchPhaseInc,form1PhaseInc,form2PhaseInc,form3PhaseInc; uint8_t form1Amp,form2Amp,form3Amp; uint8_t noiseMod=10;
int8_t sinCalc[256] PROGMEM = { /* This table rolls a lot of functions together for speed. Extracting phase and amplitude from the nybble packed form Sine calculation Exponential amplitude mapping Scaling to appropriate range ROUND( FLOOR(a/16,1) *SIN( 2 * PI() * IF( MOD(a,16), EXP(0.18*MOD(a,16)), 0 ) /16 )*127 ,0) */ 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,2,2,3,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,12,14,17,20,24, 0,4,4,5,6,7,9,11,13,15,18,22,26,31,37,45, 0,5,6,7,8,10,12,14,17,20,24,28,34,41,49,58, 0,5,6,7,9,10,12,15,18,21,26,31,37,44,53,63, 0,5,6,7,8,10,12,14,17,20,24,28,34,41,49,58, 0,4,4,5,6,7,9,11,13,15,18,22,26,31,37,45, 0,2,2,3,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,12,14,17,20,24, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,-2,-2,-3,-3,-4,-5,-6,-7,-8,-10,-12,-14,-17,-20,-24, 0,-4,-4,-5,-6,-7,-9,-11,-13,-15,-18,-22,-26,-31,-37,-45, 0,-5,-6,-7,-8,-10,-12,-14,-17,-20,-24,-28,-34,-41,-49,-58, 0,-5,-6,-7,-9,-10,-12,-15,-18,-21,-26,-31,-37,-44,-53,-63, 0,-5,-6,-7,-8,-10,-12,-14,-17,-20,-24,-28,-34,-41,-49,-58, 0,-4,-4,-5,-6,-7,-9,-11,-13,-15,-18,-22,-26,-31,-37,-45, 0,-2,-2,-3,-3,-4,-5,-6,-7,-8,-10,-12,-14,-17,-20,-24 };
int8_t sqrCalc[256] PROGMEM ={ 0,1,2,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,8,9,11,13,16, 0,1,2,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,8,9,11,13,16, 0,1,2,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,8,9,11,13,16, 0,1,2,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,8,9,11,13,16, 0,1,2,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,8,9,11,13,16, 0,1,2,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,8,9,11,13,16, 0,1,2,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,8,9,11,13,16, 0,1,2,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,8,9,11,13,16, 0,-1,-2,-2,-2,-3,-3,-4,-5,-5,-6,-8,-9,-11,-13,-16, 0,-1,-2,-2,-2,-3,-3,-4,-5,-5,-6,-8,-9,-11,-13,-16, 0,-1,-2,-2,-2,-3,-3,-4,-5,-5,-6,-8,-9,-11,-13,-16, 0,-1,-2,-2,-2,-3,-3,-4,-5,-5,-6,-8,-9,-11,-13,-16, 0,-1,-2,-2,-2,-3,-3,-4,-5,-5,-6,-8,-9,-11,-13,-16, 0,-1,-2,-2,-2,-3,-3,-4,-5,-5,-6,-8,-9,-11,-13,-16, 0,-1,-2,-2,-2,-3,-3,-4,-5,-5,-6,-8,-9,-11,-13,-16, 0,-1,-2,-2,-2,-3,-3,-4,-5,-5,-6,-8,-9,-11,-13,-16 };
// Changing these will also requires rewriting audioOn()
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega8__) #define LED_PIN 13 #define LED_PORT PORTB #define LED_BIT 5 // On old ATmega8 boards, output is on pin 11 #define PWM_PIN 11 #define PWM_VALUE OCR2 #define PWM_INTERRUPT TIMER2_OVF_vect #elif defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__) #define LED_PIN 13 #define LED_PORT PORTB #define LED_BIT 7 #define PWM_PIN 3 #define PWM_VALUE OCR3C #define PWM_INTERRUPT TIMER3_OVF_vect #else #define LED_PIN 13 #define LED_PORT PORTB #define LED_BIT 5 // For modern ATmega168 boards, output is on pin 3 #define PWM_PIN 3 #define PWM_VALUE OCR2B #define PWM_INTERRUPT TIMER2_OVF_vect #endif
void audioOn() { #if defined(__AVR_ATmega8__) // ATmega8 has different registers TCCR2 = _BV(WGM20) | _BV(COM21) | _BV(CS20); TIMSK = _BV(TOIE2); #elif defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__) TCCR3A = _BV(COM3C1) | _BV(WGM30); TCCR3B = _BV(CS30); TIMSK3 = _BV(TOIE3); #else // Set up PWM to 31.25kHz, phase accurate TCCR2A = _BV(COM2B1) | _BV(WGM20); TCCR2B = _BV(CS20); TIMSK2 = _BV(TOIE2); #endif }
void setup() { pinMode(PWM_PIN,OUTPUT); audioOn(); pinMode(LED_PIN,OUTPUT); }
#define FORMANT_SZ 7
enum { _SP,_DOT,_QM,_COM,_HYP,_IY,_IH,_EH,_AE,_AA, _AH,_AO,_UH,_AX,_IX,_ER,_UX,_OH,_RX,_LX, _WX,_YX,_WH,_R,_L,_W,_Y,_M,_N,_NX, _DX,_Q,_S,_SH,_F,_TH,__H,__X,_Z,_ZH, _V,_DH,_CHa,_CHb,_Ja,_Jb,_Jc,_Jd,_EY,_AY, _OY,_AW,_OW,_UW,_Ba,_Bb,_Bc,_Da,_Db,_Dc, _Ga,_Gb,_Gc,_GXa,_GXb,_GXc,_Pa,_Pb,_Pc,_Ta, _Tb,_Tc,_Ka,_Kb,_Kc,_KXa,_KXb,_KXc };
uint8_t formantTable[] PROGMEM = { 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*00 space*/ 0x13,0x43,0x5b,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*01 .*/ 0x13,0x43,0x5b,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*02 ?*/ 0x13,0x43,0x5b,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*03 ,*/ 0x13,0x43,0x5b,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*04 -*/ 0xa,0x54,0x6e,0xd,0xa,0x8,0x0,/*05 IY*/ 0xe,0x49,0x5d,0xd,0x8,0x7,0x0,/*06 IH*/ 0x13,0x43,0x5b,0xe,0xd,0x8,0x0,/*07 EH*/ 0x18,0x3f,0x58,0xf,0xe,0x8,0x0,/*08 AE*/ 0x1b,0x28,0x59,0xf,0xd,0x1,0x0,/*09 AA*/ 0x17,0x2c,0x57,0xf,0xc,0x1,0x0,/*10 AH*/ 0x15,0x1f,0x58,0xf,0xc,0x0,0x0,/*11 AO*/ 0x10,0x25,0x52,0xf,0xb,0x1,0x0,/*12 UH*/ 0x14,0x2c,0x57,0xe,0xb,0x0,0x0,/*13 AX*/ 0xe,0x49,0x5d,0xd,0xb,0x7,0x0,/*14 IX*/ 0x12,0x31,0x3e,0xc,0xb,0x5,0x0,/*15 ER*/ 0xe,0x24,0x52,0xf,0xc,0x1,0x0,/*16 UX*/ 0x12,0x1e,0x58,0xf,0xc,0x0,0x0,/*17 OH*/ 0x12,0x33,0x3e,0xd,0xc,0x6,0x0,/*18 RX*/ 0x10,0x25,0x6e,0xd,0x8,0x1,0x0,/*19 LX*/ 0xd,0x1d,0x50,0xd,0x8,0x0,0x0,/*20 WX*/ 0xf,0x45,0x5d,0xe,0xc,0x7,0x0,/*21 YX*/ 0xb,0x18,0x5a,0xd,0x8,0x0,0x0,/*22 WH*/ 0x12,0x32,0x3c,0xc,0xa,0x5,0x0,/*23 R*/ 0xe,0x1e,0x6e,0xd,0x8,0x1,0x0,/*24 L*/ 0xb,0x18,0x5a,0xd,0x8,0x0,0x0,/*25 W*/ 0x9,0x53,0x6e,0xd,0xa,0x8,0x0,/*26 Y*/ 0x6,0x2e,0x51,0xc,0x3,0x0,0x0,/*27 M*/ 0x6,0x36,0x79,0x9,0x9,0x0,0x0,/*28 N*/ 0x6,0x56,0x65,0x9,0x6,0x3,0x0,/*29 NX*/ 0x6,0x36,0x79,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*30 DX*/ 0x11,0x43,0x5b,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*31 Q*/ 0x6,0x49,0x63,0x7,0xa,0xd,0xf,/*32 S*/ 0x6,0x4f,0x6a,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*33 SH*/ 0x6,0x1a,0x51,0x3,0x3,0x3,0xf,/*34 F*/ 0x6,0x42,0x79,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*35 TH*/ 0xe,0x49,0x5d,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*36 /H*/ 0x10,0x25,0x52,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*37 /X*/ 0x9,0x33,0x5d,0xf,0x3,0x0,0x3,/*38 Z*/ 0xa,0x42,0x67,0xb,0x5,0x1,0x0,/*39 ZH*/ 0x8,0x28,0x4c,0xb,0x3,0x0,0x0,/*40 V*/ 0xa,0x2f,0x5d,0xb,0x4,0x0,0x0,/*41 DH*/ 0x6,0x4f,0x65,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*42 CHa*/ 0x6,0x4f,0x65,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*43 CHb*/ 0x6,0x42,0x79,0x1,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*44 Ja*/ 0x5,0x42,0x79,0x1,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*45 Jb*/ 0x6,0x6e,0x79,0x0,0xa,0xe,0x0,/*46 Jc*/ 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,0x2,0x2,0x1,0x0,/*47 Jd*/ 0x13,0x48,0x5a,0xe,0xe,0x9,0x0,/*48 EY*/ 0x1b,0x27,0x58,0xf,0xd,0x1,0x0,/*49 AY*/ 0x15,0x1f,0x58,0xf,0xc,0x0,0x0,/*50 OY*/ 0x1b,0x2b,0x58,0xf,0xd,0x1,0x0,/*51 AW*/ 0x12,0x1e,0x58,0xf,0xc,0x0,0x0,/*52 OW*/ 0xd,0x22,0x52,0xd,0x8,0x0,0x0,/*53 UW*/ 0x6,0x1a,0x51,0x2,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*54 Ba*/ 0x6,0x1a,0x51,0x4,0x1,0x0,0xf,/*55 Bb*/ 0x6,0x1a,0x51,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*56 Bc*/ 0x6,0x42,0x79,0x2,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*57 Da*/ 0x6,0x42,0x79,0x4,0x1,0x0,0xf,/*58 Db*/ 0x6,0x42,0x79,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*59 Dc*/ 0x6,0x6e,0x70,0x1,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*60 Ga*/ 0x6,0x6e,0x6e,0x4,0x1,0x0,0xf,/*61 Gb*/ 0x6,0x6e,0x6e,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*62 Gc*/ 0x6,0x54,0x5e,0x1,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*63 GXa*/ 0x6,0x54,0x5e,0x4,0x1,0x0,0xf,/*64 GXb*/ 0x6,0x54,0x5e,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*65 GXc*/ 0x6,0x1a,0x51,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*66 Pa*/ 0x6,0x1a,0x51,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*67 Pb*/ 0x6,0x1a,0x51,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*68 Pc*/ 0x6,0x42,0x79,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*69 Ta*/ 0x6,0x42,0x79,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*70 Tb*/ 0x6,0x42,0x79,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*71 Tc*/ 0x6,0x6d,0x65,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*72 Ka*/ 0xa,0x56,0x65,0xc,0xa,0x7,0x0,/*73 Kb*/ 0xa,0x6d,0x70,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*74 Kc*/ 0x6,0x54,0x5e,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,/*75 KXa*/ 0x6,0x54,0x5e,0x0,0xa,0x5,0x0,/*76 KXb*/ 0x6,0x54,0x5e,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0 /*77 KXc*/ };
uint16_t pitchTable[64] = { // Covers A1 to C7 58,61,65,69,73,77,82,86,92,97, 103,109,115,122,129,137,145,154,163,173, 183,194,206,218,231,244,259,274,291,308, 326,346,366,388,411,435,461,489,518,549, 581,616,652,691,732,776,822,871,923,978, 1036,1097,1163,1232,1305,1383,1465,1552,1644,1742, 1845,1955,2071,2195 };
uint8_t frameList[] PROGMEM = { #if 1 _Da,3,0,39,_Db,1,0,39,_Dc,1,3,39,_EY,8,6,39,_YX,20,3,39, // Dai.. _Z,10,0,36,_IY,35,3,36, // ..sy _Da,3,0,32,_Db,1,0,32,_Dc,1,3,32,_EY,8,6,32,_YX,20,3,32, // Dai.. _Z,10,0,27,_IY,35,3,27, // ..sy _Ga,2,0,29,_Gb,2,0,29,_Gc,2,0,29,_IH,10,3,29,_V,5,0,29, // Give _M,2,0,31,_IY,10,3,31, // me _YX,5,0,32,_AO,10,0,32,_RX,5,0,32, // your _AH,25,0,29,_NX,5,0,29, // an.. _S,2,0,32,_ER,10,0,32,_RX,3,0,32, // ..swer _Da,3,0,27,_Db,1,0,27,_Dc,1,3,27,_UX,80,3,27,_WX,5,0,27, // do _AY,5,20,34,_YX,10,0,34,_M,8,0,34, // I'm __H,5,0,39,_AX,30,0,39,_F,10,0,39, // half _Ka,3,0,36,_Kb,3,0,36,_Kc,4,0,36,_R,5,0,36,_EY,30,0,36, // cra.. _Z,5,0,32,_IY,40,0,32, // ..zy _AO,10,0,29,_LX,5,0,29, // all _F,5,0,31,_AO,10,0,31, // for _DH,5,0,32,_AH,10,0,32, // the _L,5,0,34,_AH,20,0,34,_V,5,0,34,// love _AA,10,0,36,_V,5,0,36,// of _Y,10,0,34,_UX,80,0,34, // you _IH,10,0,36,_Ta,2,0,36,_Tb,1,0,36,_Tc,2,0,36,// It _W,2,0,37,_OH,10,0,37,_N,1,0,37,_Ta,1,0,37,_Tb,1,0,37,_Tc,1,0,37,// won't _Ba,2,0,36,_Bb,1,0,36,_Bc,2,0,36,_IY,10,0,36,// be _AH,15,0,34,// a _S,2,0,39,_Ta,2,0,39,_Tb,2,0,39,_Tc,2,0,39,_AY,1,10,39,_YX,10,0,39,// sty.. _L,3,0,36,_IH,10,0,36,_SH,2,0,36,// ..lish _M,5,0,34,_AE,10,0,34,// ma.. _R,5,0,32,_IH,60,0,32,_Ja,2,0,32,_Jb,2,0,32,_Jc,2,0,32,// ..rriage _AY,5,10,34,_YX,5,0,34,// I _Ka,2,0,36,_Kb,2,0,36,_Kc,2,0,36,_AH,20,0,36,_N,2,0,36,_Ta,2,0,36,_Tb,2,0,26,_Tc,2,0,36,// can't _AX,15,0,32,// a.. _F,5,0,29,_AO,20,0,29,_R,2,0,29,_Da,1,0,29,_Db,1,0,29,_Dc,1,0,29,// ..fford _AX,15,0,32,// a _Ka,1,0,29,_Kb,1,0,29,_Kc,1,0,29,_AE,12,0,29,// ca.. _R,5,0,27,_IH,45,0,27,_Ja,2,0,27,_Jb,2,0,27,_Jc,2,0,27,// ..rriage _Ba,1,0,27,_Bb,1,0,27,_Bc,1,0,27,_AH,10,0,27,_Ta,1,0,27,_Tb,1,0,27,_Tc,1,0,27,// but _Y,5,0,32,_UH,10,10,32,_L,5,0,32,// you'll _L,3,0,36,_UH,10,0,36,_Ka,1,0,36,_Kb,1,0,36,_Kc,1,0,36,// look _S,2,0,34,_W,2,0,34,_IY,20,0,34,_Ta,2,0,34,_Tb,2,0,34,_Tc,2,0,34,// sweet _AX,15,0,27,// a.. _Ka,2,0,32,_Kb,2,0,32,_Kc,2,0,32,_R,2,0,32,_AA,20,0,32,_S,5,0,32,// ..cross _DH,5,0,36,_AH,10,0,36,// the _S,2,0,34,_IY,10,0,34,_Ta,2,0,34,_Tb,2,0,34,_Tc,2,0,34,// seat _AA,10,0,36,_V,5,0,36,// of _AE,15,0,37,// a _Ba,2,0,39,_Bb,2,0,39,_Bc,2,0,39,_AY,5,5,39,_YX,5,0,39,// bi.. _S,5,0,36,_IH,10,0,36,// ..cy.. _Ka,2,0,32,_Kb,2,0,32,_Kc,2,0,32,_L,9,0,32,// ..cle _M,2,0,34,_EY,5,10,34,_YX,10,0,34,_Da,2,0,34,_Db,2,0,34,_Dc,2,0,34,// made _F,5,0,27,_OY,1,5,27,_RX,5,0,27,// for _Ta,2,0,32,_Tb,2,0,32,_Tc,2,0,32,_UX,50,0,32,// two #endif _Ta,0,0,61 };
int frameTime = 15; // ms uint16_t basePitch; int formantScale;
void loop() { formantScale = 54;//random(20,80);//54; uint8_t *framePos = frameList; while(1) { int n; uint8_t startFormant,staticFrames,tweenFrames; uint16_t startPitch,nextPitch; uint8_t nextFormant; int16_t startForm1PhaseInc,startForm2PhaseInc,startForm3PhaseInc; uint8_t startForm1Amp,startForm2Amp,startForm3Amp; uint8_t startMod; uint8_t *formantPos;
// Read next framelist item startFormant = pgm_read_byte(framePos++); staticFrames = pgm_read_byte(framePos++);
if (!staticFrames) break; // End of phrase
tweenFrames = pgm_read_byte(framePos++);
startPitch = pitchTable[pgm_read_byte(framePos++)]; nextFormant = pgm_read_byte(framePos); nextPitch = pitchTable[pgm_read_byte(framePos+3)]; pitchPhaseInc = startPitch; formantPos = formantTable + startFormant * FORMANT_SZ; form1PhaseInc = startForm1PhaseInc = pgm_read_byte(formantPos++)*formantScale; form2PhaseInc = startForm2PhaseInc = pgm_read_byte(formantPos++)*formantScale; form3PhaseInc = startForm3PhaseInc = pgm_read_byte(formantPos++)*formantScale; form1Amp = startForm1Amp = pgm_read_byte(formantPos++); form2Amp = startForm2Amp = pgm_read_byte(formantPos++); form3Amp = startForm3Amp = pgm_read_byte(formantPos++); noiseMod = startMod = pgm_read_byte(formantPos++);
for (;staticFrames--;) delay(frameTime); if (tweenFrames) { uint8_t* formantPos; int16_t deltaForm1PhaseInc,deltaForm2PhaseInc,deltaForm3PhaseInc; int8_t deltaForm1Amp,deltaForm2Amp,deltaForm3Amp; int8_t deltaMod; uint8_t nextMod; int16_t deltaPitch; tweenFrames--; formantPos = formantTable + nextFormant * FORMANT_SZ; deltaForm1PhaseInc = pgm_read_byte(formantPos++)*formantScale - startForm1PhaseInc; deltaForm2PhaseInc = pgm_read_byte(formantPos++)*formantScale - startForm2PhaseInc; deltaForm3PhaseInc = pgm_read_byte(formantPos++)*formantScale - startForm3PhaseInc; deltaForm1Amp = pgm_read_byte(formantPos++) - startForm1Amp; deltaForm2Amp = pgm_read_byte(formantPos++) - startForm2Amp; deltaForm3Amp = pgm_read_byte(formantPos++) - startForm3Amp; deltaMod = pgm_read_byte(formantPos++) - startMod; deltaPitch = nextPitch - startPitch; deltaMod = nextMod - startMod; for (int i=1; i<=tweenFrames; i++) { form1PhaseInc = startForm1PhaseInc + (i*deltaForm1PhaseInc)/tweenFrames; form2PhaseInc = startForm2PhaseInc + (i*deltaForm2PhaseInc)/tweenFrames; form3PhaseInc = startForm3PhaseInc + (i*deltaForm3PhaseInc)/tweenFrames; form1Amp = startForm1Amp + (i*deltaForm1Amp)/tweenFrames; form2Amp = startForm2Amp + (i*deltaForm2Amp)/tweenFrames; form3Amp = startForm3Amp + (i*deltaForm3Amp)/tweenFrames; pitchPhaseInc = startPitch + (i*deltaPitch)/tweenFrames; noiseMod = startMod + (i*deltaMod)/tweenFrames; delay(frameTime); } } } delay(300); }
SIGNAL(PWM_INTERRUPT) { int8_t value; static int8_t noise; int16_t phaseNoise = noise * noiseMod; noise += noise<<2; noise++; // noise' = 5*noise+1 form1Phase += form1PhaseInc; value = pgm_read_byte(sinCalc+(((form1Phase>>8) & 0xf0) | form1Amp)); form2Phase += form2PhaseInc; value += pgm_read_byte(sinCalc+(((form2Phase>>8) & 0xf0) | form2Amp)); form3Phase += form3PhaseInc; value += pgm_read_byte(sqrCalc+(((form3Phase>>8) & 0xf0) | form3Amp));
value = (value * (0xff^(pitchPhase>>8)))>>8; pitchPhase += pitchPhaseInc; if ((pitchPhase+phaseNoise) < pitchPhaseInc) { form1Phase = 0; form2Phase = 0; form3Phase = 0; } PWM_VALUE = value + 0x80; }
Step 4: Finishing
After you are done uploading the code turn on the speakers and reset the board you should now hear the Linkit One sing. While the sound might seem robotic it is still cool that you can make it sing despite the low ram on the Linkit One board.
