Hello everyone in this instruct able. I will show you step by step instruction on how to make simple rf(radio frequency) RC(remote control) car .This can be made by any beginners within one hour

I will be discussing on the working of all integrated circuit (IC) and modules used in this robot

And there is no programming required for making this bot

_______________UPDATE__________________

THE UPDATED VERSION OF THIS ROBOT IS AVAILABLE HERE

Step 1: UPDATED VIDEO

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! UPDATE !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

THE UPDATED VERSION OF THIS ROBOT IS AVAILABLE HERE

Step 2: OLD VIDEO

Step 3: Materials Required

RF transmitter receiver module
prototype board x2
HT12E encoder
HT12d decoder
L293D Motor driver
7805 step down regulator
Heat sink for 7805
470uf capacitor x 2
0.1ufcapacitor x 2
1M resistor
1K resistor
50k resistor
12v dc motor(RPM depends on your choice,i have used 100 RPM)
12v power supply
dc power jack x 2(optional)

Step 4: Power Supply

Both rf transmitter and receiver circuit need separate power supply

The receiver circuit need to powered using 12v supply and transmitter circuit can be powered using 9v battery
First we will start with the power supply circuit. The power supply is simplest one. the power supply circuit consist

IC 7805 which regulates the 12v supply to 5v (if cant get a 12v supply you can use a 9v supply)
0.1uf & 470uf capacitor
And 1k resistor for status led

NOTE: Use heat sink for 7805 because we are dropping 7v (12-5 )so lots of heat will be produced to burn the regulator so use heat sink is recommended

PIN DESCRIPTION OF 7805 IC

Pin 1 -- Input voltage (5v-18v ) [V in]
Pin 2 -- Ground [gnd]
Pin 3 -- Regulated Output (4.8v - 5.2v]

Step 5: What Is RF MODULE ???

This RF module consist of an RF Transmitter and an RF Receiver. The transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) pair operates at a frequency of 434 MHz. An RF transmitter receives serial data and transmits it wireless through RF through its antenna connected at pin 4. The transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps - 10Kbps.The transmitted data is received by an RF receiver operating at the same frequency as that of the transmitter.

The RF module is used along with a pair of encoder and decoder. The encoder is used for encoding parallel data for transmission feed while reception is decoded by a decoder. HT12E-HT12D

PIN DESCRIPTION

RF TRANSMITTER

Pin 1 -- Ground [GND]

Pin 2 -- Serial Data Input Pin [DATA]

Pin 3 -- Power supply; 5V [Vcc]

Pin 4 -- Antenna output pin [ANT]

RF RECEIVER

Pin 1 -- Ground [GND]

Pin 2 -- Serial data output pin [DATA]

Pin 3 -- Linear output pin (Not connected) [NC]

Pin 4 -- Power supply;5v [Vcc]

Pin 5 -- Power supply;5v [Vcc]

Pin 6 -- Ground [GND]

Pin 7 -- Ground [GND]

Pin 8 -- Antenna Input pin [ANT]

Step 6: Transmitter Circuit

The transmitter circuit consist of

HT12E encoder
RF transmitter module
Two DPDT switch
and 1M resistor

I have 2 trasmitter circuit one with DPDT switch and one with push button

The DPDT switch connections is shown in fig 6

HT12E PIN DESCRIPTION

Pin (1- 8) -- 8 bit address pin for output [ A0,A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7 ]

Pin 9 -- Ground [ Gnd ]

Pin (10,11,12,13) -- 4 bit address pin for input [ AD0,AD1,AD2,AD3 ]

Pin 14 -- Transmission enable , Active low [TE]

Pin 15 -- Oscillator input [ Osc2 ]

Pin 16 -- Oscillator output [ Osc1 ]

Pin 17 -- Serial data output [ Output ]

Pin 18 -- Supply voltage 5V (2.4V-12V) [ vcc ]

A0-A7 -- These are 8 bit address pin for the output.

GND -- This pin should also be connected to the negative of the power supply.
TE -- This are the transmission enable pin.

Osc 1,2 -- These pins are the oscillator input and output pins.This pin are connected to each other with a external resistor.

Output -- This is an output pin. The data signals is given out from this pin.

Vcc -- The Vcc pin connected to positive power supply, It is used to power the IC.

AD0 - AD3 -- These are the 4 bit address pins.

Step 7: RECEIVER CIRCUIT

The receiver circuit consist of 2 IC(HT12D decoder , L293D motor driver),RF receiver module
Wire the circuit as per the receiver schematic (fig 1)
There is 2 led in the receiver board ,one lights up when power supply is given to the receiver and the other led lits when power supply is given to transmitter circuit
the led near the IC HT12D should lit when power is given at the transmitter if not there is something wrong with your connection or your RF TX RX module

NOTE: Use red wire for positive and black for negative if there is any problem with the circuit it will be easy for debugging the circuit

HT12D PIN DESCRIPTION

Pin (1- 8) -- 8 bit address pin for output [ A0,A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7 ]

Pin 9 -- Ground [ Gnd ]

Pin (10,11,12,13) -- 4 bit address pin for input [AD0,AD1,AD2,AD3 ]

Pin 14 -- Serial Data Input [Input]

Pin 15 -- Oscillator input [ Osc2 ]

Pin 16 -- Oscillator input [ Osc1 ]

Pin 17 -- Valid transmission [ VT ]

Pin 18 -- Supply voltage 5V (2.4V-12V) [ vcc ]

PIN DESCRIPTION FOR HT12D

VDD and VSS: This pin are used to provide power to the IC, Positive and Negative of the power supply respectively

DIN: This pin is the serial data input and can be connected to a RF receiver output.

A0 – A7: This are the address input . Status of these pins should match with status of address pin in HT12E (used in transmitter) to receive the data. These pins can be connected to VSS or left open

D8 – D11: This are the data output pins. Status of these pins can be VSS or VDD depending upon the received serial data through pin DIN.

VT: stand for Valid Transmission. This output pin will be HIGH when valid data is available at D8 – D11 data output pins.

OSC1 and OSC2: This pin are used to connect external resistor for internal oscillator of HT12D. OSC1 is the oscillator input pin and OSC2 is the oscillator output pin

L293D DESCRIPTIONS

The L293D is a Motor Driver IC it allows the motor to drive on both direction. L293D is a 16-pin IC with eight pins, on each side, dedicated to the controlling of a motor which can control a set of two DC motors at a same time in any direction. With one L293D we can control 2 dc motors ,There are 2 INPUT pins, 2 OUTPUT pins and 1 ENABLE pin for each motor. L293D consist of two H-bridge. H-bridge is the simplest circuit for controlling a low current rated motor.

PIN DESCRIPTION

PIN FUNCTION NAME

Pin 1 -- Enable pin for motor 1 [Enable 1 ]

Pin 2 -- Input pin 1 for Motor 1 [Input 1 ]

Pin 3 -- Output pin 1 for Motor 1 [Output 1]

Pin 4,5,12,13 -- Ground [ GND ]

Pin 6 -- Output Pin 2 for Motor 1 [ Output 2 ]

Pin 7 -- Input pin 2 for motor 1 [ Input 2 ]

Pin 8 -- Power supply for motors(9-12v) [Vcc]

Pin 9 -- Enable pin for motor 2 [ Enable 2 ]

Pin 10 -- Input pin 1 for motor 1 [Input 3 ]

Pin 11 -- Output pin 2 for motor 1 [Output 3]

Pin 14 -- Output 2 for motor 1 [ Output4 ]

Pin 15 -- Input 2 for motor 1 [ Input 4 ]

Pin 16 -- supply voltage ; 5V [ Vcc1 ]

Step 8: Choose Your Motor

Choosing a motor is very important and it totally depends on the type of robot (car) you are making

if you are making a smaller one use 6v Bo motor

If you are making a larger one which nee to carry larger weights ten use an 12v dc motor

CHOOSE YOUR RPM FOR YOUR MOTOR

RPM, which stands for revolutions per minute, is the amount of times the shaft of a DC motor completes a full spin cycle per minute. A full spin cycle is when the shaft turns a full 360°. The amount of 360° turns, or revolutions, a motor does in a minute is its RPM value

You should be very careful while choosing the rpm don't choose motors of higher rpm cause i will be difficult to control it and remember SPEED IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO TORQUE

Step 9: MAKING THE CHASSIS

Making the chassis is very simple for making the only two things are required

clamp
hard cardboard ,piece of wood or any thick sheet for making the base and some screws

Take the sheet place the clamp on it mark the places drilling holes for inserting screws
Drill holes at four corner
Screw the clamp tightly
Insert the motor in the clamp ,
Place the circuit on chassis connect the motors to the circuit
Give 12v power supply to the circuit

for details check the photos

Step 10: DEBUGGING OPTIONAL( If There Is Problem With Circuit )

In this part we will be discussing on debugging the circuit

First of all don't be angry just keep calm

for debugging we will split the circuit in different

First we will be debugging the

L293D IC

Place the IC on a bread board and give 5v and Gnd to the IC and then give the 12v to pin 8. connect the enable pins of the motors to 5v .Now give power to the input of one motors and check the output pins with a multimeter. If it shows nothing then there is problem with you motor driver

POWER SUPPLY

Most of the problems arise in the power supply circuit is due to short circuit so for checking power off the circuit and use a multimeter to check whether there is any connection between Negative and positive

DECODER AND ENCODER

For debugging the decoder and encoder IC connect pin 7 of HT12E to pin 14 of HT12D ,Connect push buttons at pin 10,11,12,13 of HT12E and connect 4 leds at pin 10,11,12,13 of the decoder ( connect as per Decoder and Encoder Debugging circuit [fig 3]) The leds should light up when switches are pressed

If your bot is still not working then there would be problem with the RF module we can debug it so replace the module.

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