Building Machines From Paperclips by biochemtronics
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Several months ago I awoke one morning with an idea for a project. I had gone to bed thinking about a presentation I am going to make to a group of middle and high school technology teachers in a couple of months. I wanted to come up with a simple and inexpensive projects they could use to teach their students some aspect of technology and hopefully inspire their creativity. During the night I dreamed of making machines out of paperclips and this project was born. As for the cost of this project - the wood and paperclips cost me 37 cents. 

I already had several projects I was working on at the time so I thought about the idea for a couple of months before I actually sat down with a box of paperclips and started trying to make a machine. During those months I figured out the design and process for making the machine parts and a way to assemble them. I found that I only needed a few items and tools to get started. I found the process to be easy. Paperclip machines are interesting to design and build, and fun to operate when finished. I think the sculptural form of these machines take on an artistic element as well.

For educators this project is a great way to teach students the physics of mechanical machines including cranks, levers, fulcrum points, rotary and linear motion all while stirring their curiosity and developing their mechanical aptitude. In PLTW: this could go under Modeling and Design as a miniature working model or as a machine prototype in manufacturing or structural systems.  It could also go under the Power/Energy section.  In STEM: it could go under nearly all of the categories. Many thanks to dauphin 1974 who shared a link to a project called FAT Friday at MIT. http://web.mit.edu/museum/programs/fat.html) In that program groups and individuals build machines and then link them together in a row to create a chain reaction. I would think it would be pretty simple to come up with a way to do something similar with paperclip machines. That would allow a whole class of students to each build their own paperclip machine and then link them all together to create a chain reaction. 

PS - If I win the Grand Prize in the Shop Bot Contest - and I sure hope I do - I will use it to make proto boards for this project and others for middle and high school students in the STEM program.

Here is a video of the paperclip machine I built.

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Step 1: The Versatile Paperclip

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As a life-long Maker, I have always been one to tinker with all sorts of common objects. In meetings I am the guy who takes his ink pen apart and reassembles it over and over again. At dinner I tinker with my drinking straw and the wrapper it came in. One of my favorite things to tinker with are paperclips. I have always been fascinated by their ingenious yet simple form and function. I know they are just bent pieces of wire but they can also be much more than that. A quick search on Instructables shows that I am not alone in my fascination for making things with paperclips. People in the Instructables community have posted all sorts of paperclip projects. There are toy helicopters, earrings, a chandelier, various geometric shapes, lock picks, catapults and trebuchets all made from paperclips. This Instructable will be one more in that long list of things to do with paperclips.
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mythbuster1633 says: Feb 23, 2013. 3:44 AM
This looks really great. i love having something to make.
wooohhhoooo9 says: May 11, 2012. 10:52 PM
can you help me with the assemblying? I did the parts already
biochemtronics (author) says: May 13, 2012. 5:31 PM
I am sorry but it would be nearly impossible for me to provide detailed assembly instructions here for all of the possible parts configurations. Most of the parts have to be assembled as you make them. A perfect example is the hand crank and the leg stands it is mounted on. You can pre-make the leg stands, but It is simply impossible to get the crank onto the stands after you have bent it. You have to bend the crank as you mount it to the stands. You will just have to experiment with this on your own and figure out your own way of doing it. That is the fun of a project like this. Also, when you finish - it will be your's - and not a copy of someone else's.
wooohhhoooo9 says: May 12, 2012. 4:21 AM
oh and can you please name the parts on the completed sculpture picture because i can't figure out which part is which :)
triple-a says: Apr 25, 2012. 2:19 AM
wow that was awesome!!!
tzq33tdq says: Apr 10, 2012. 11:25 PM
one word... EPIC!!!!!! this is an awesome, ingenius machine!!! how did you figure it all out?!?!?! EPIC!!!!!
mr.frob says: Mar 27, 2012. 7:17 PM
Way cool! Now I know how to pass my time at the office!
erechtin says: Feb 28, 2012. 5:36 AM
We love this project and my daughter has created it for her science expo-can anyone please help us and list the different simple machine components that create the complex machine? I hope we did it right-we think there is a lever and pulley simple machine.
THANKS for this!
flamekiller says: Mar 24, 2012. 1:58 AM
I see levers and a wheel and axle (the crank).
Alex Mercer says: Mar 21, 2012. 8:12 AM
Use a motor (optional) and a hand drill. Color it and make it beautiful.
Da Person who plays paintball. says: Mar 22, 2012. 8:06 AM
Great design, but a few things you could do with it.

1. You could build a machine to wind up a trebuchet, catapult, etc...

2. You could incorporate batteries into it and make it out of paperclips, batteries, and electical tape.

Those are just a couple ideas.
hrodriguez7 says: Jan 24, 2012. 4:12 PM
dude, THATS SICK!
now ijust have to make one...
Alex Mercer says: Mar 21, 2012. 8:13 AM
Not 'have to', 'can'.
Little Mom on the Prairie says: Feb 28, 2012. 12:04 PM
This is really cool :) Thank you for sharing!
amsiladi says: Feb 7, 2012. 9:15 AM
The soldering idea is interesting. however, I think you could avoid a lot of difficulty by finding a wire with a gauge similar to that of the paperclips you are using. Of course the drawback is that you wouldn't get to say that the machine is made of paperclips.
slithien says: Feb 1, 2012. 10:50 AM
would i be able to use a block of polystyrene instead of wood for the base?
biochemtronics (author) says: Feb 1, 2012. 12:12 PM
Any solid plastic block should work so long as it can hold the pieces firmly and the holes don't become enlarged during operation.
ben_k says: Jan 31, 2012. 8:56 PM
Great instructable! I made something similar this past summer, but out of forged steel:

Shiseiji says: Jan 30, 2012. 12:40 PM
I wish I had the imagination to think of things like this, but I am really grateful you share your ideas. Love it. I love automata period, and this can be done sitting in my chair while my significant other watches something I have zero interest in. What a perfect instructabe!

Ron
thewoodcarver says: Jan 26, 2012. 4:51 PM
Very nice work .there use to be a mail order company that sold a wire bending jig for making fishing lures going to have to look and see if I still have it around here somewhere and see what I can make ...If I cant find it your instructions are so well written and shown that even I can follow them
Shiseiji says: Jan 30, 2012. 12:31 PM
Wire bending jig:
http://www.micromark.com/economical-strip-and-wire-bending-jig,7070.html

Metal Forming Plier Set:
http://www.micromark.com/metal-forming-pliers-set-of-4,7068.html
Tice Co says: Jan 28, 2012. 12:49 PM
Great instructable! I really liked the fact that to do this project you don't have a lot of startup cost. The only things I had to buy were the paperclips, a plier and a drill bit (spend about 10 euro's). I had a go at it and this is the result:



I found it quite hard to create an original design. I hardly have any technical knowledge, so it was hard to think up new (usable) parts. I ended up copying most of your design. Would be nice to have a list of cranks, levers etc. with instructions on how to assemble them.
SevaKaptur says: Jan 28, 2012. 4:34 AM
Few times ego i had try make mechanic birb the same way. But you make better than me. Now i'll try again!!
Exocetid says: Jan 27, 2012. 6:34 AM
This is really good. I am an EE professor and I recognize a great STEM awareness building project when I see one. This could easily be done by middle schoolers.

I could see some refinements: pre-drilled bases and precut wire segments that have had sharp ends smoothed. Other than that, leave all the bending and shaping in.

For HS students, just a bag of clips and a board along with the tools ;-)

Go collegiate and add the soldering idea.

I see competitions!

...again, great idea and execution.
dauphin1974 says: Jan 26, 2012. 6:43 AM
Very cute idea. Have you heard about FAT Friday at MIT? (http://web.mit.edu/museum/programs/fat.html). They have people build small machines and then link them all in a row to create a chain reaction. I've been trying to think of something that would be like that - but was small enough and easy enough for a bunch of 5th graders or cub-scouts to make themselves. This inspires me. Good idea!
biochemtronics (author) says: Jan 26, 2012. 7:08 AM
Thank you for a great idea. I hope you don't mind, but I put your suggestion and link into step one where hopefully more people can read it.
dauphin1974 says: Jan 27, 2012. 5:48 AM
Sounds like a fine idea - keep up the good work. If I make anything I'll send you pix... :-)
thePhantomoftheOpera says: Jan 27, 2012. 1:37 AM
This is AWESOME. I mean it, this is the coolest thing I have seen yet. ;-) My thought was that you could conceivably add a little mannequin-type figure; so that it dances or does something when you turn the crank. Also, couldn't you conceivably use a rubber band(and a stopper to control the speed? I'm just dumb) to wind it up? *headshake* Sorry, it's 4:30 in the morning. Thank you so much for posting this! I agree with the other commenters; like I just told my wife, this is the clearest Instructable I've ever seen. The instructions and videos are SO easy to keep track of... FANTASTIC job.
nachiketa says: Jan 26, 2012. 8:15 PM
Fantastic ! It's really nice one.
Kyling Zhang says: Jan 26, 2012. 5:27 PM
nice machines!i 'd like to make one by my own. thanks for the sharing!
bahnw says: Jan 26, 2012. 2:55 PM
In college in a power mechanics class our instructor used a similar problem for the design of cams. He gave us a board with a hole randomly placed and 2 x's on the top of the board and 2 on the side of the board. The object was to design a machine that by moving a lever between the two marks on the side would through levers make a wire that would move up and down to push cotton balls into the hole.
bytes2go says: Jan 26, 2012. 12:40 PM
If you think this is neat...
Google 'Arthur Ganson' and check out the kinetic wire sculptures he creates...
Tower of six gears is amazing wire piece
The Flower Lady says: Jan 26, 2012. 12:38 PM
You never cease to amaze me Mr. Biochemtronics! This project blends art and technology . Can't wait to see what you come up with next......your biggest fan.
raviolikid says: Jan 26, 2012. 11:32 AM
This is wonderful! Your directions are clear and the videos really helped me see what the machines were doing! I wonder if I could possibly do this with my elementary school arts and engineering club? I'll have to give it a shot myself and then see what I think.

Thanks for the time you put into making your informative 'ible!
sb4 says: Jan 26, 2012. 10:48 AM
Yeah, I like it! Very nice craftsmanship!

In third grade I spent ours making electric "buzzers" with simple classroom materials including paper clips. Insulated wire (that was the most exotic material) was wound around a nail for the electromagnet, and a bunch of paper clips for the buzzer arm and the make-and-break contact, powered by a D cell battery. Thumbtacks held it all down on a wood board. Can't remember if the nail was held down horizontally by some hammered "staples" possibly.

They rarely worked well in spite of my efforts, although occasionally I got a hopeful buzz. Maybe now I can revisit that and do a little better. I think I needed some inertial mass on the buzzer arm to give it some momentum, and maybe more wire on the electromagnet. I sure more batteries would have helped, but the challenge is to do it with a single D cell. I'd like to see a little buzzer competition arise.

nepperhanman says: Jan 26, 2012. 10:04 AM
A beautiful project and a nice piece of desk art. I could see a Jr. Achievement program making these and having a demand for the product.

One thought - to make it uber attractive to kids (ok, and to me too!) I think it needs to DO something . If there was a small bell at the top of the verticle shaft so that every turn would ring the bell ...

Great job. Thanks for sharing
lobo0x7 says: Jan 26, 2012. 9:51 AM
nice 'ible

all you people interested in wire machines (or mechanisms) must to check this out:
http://www.arthurganson.com/

enjoy!
f5mando says: Jan 26, 2012. 9:43 AM
This is very inventive, and a cool instructable! You have been outdone by a dentist by the name of Michael Clair who used paperclips for root canal work:http://www.naturalnews.com/034775_dentist_paper_clips_root_canal.html

Maybe he can submit an instructable for that while he's doing porridge!
For the record- I like your application better.
karlpinturr says: Jan 26, 2012. 7:16 AM
Not sure how much it matters, but your first pic for step 3 says the drill shanks are cut to 5mm and 10mm, but your text says 10mm and 20mm - can you clarify?
biochemtronics (author) says: Jan 26, 2012. 7:30 AM
Good catch. Thanks. I have corrected the proble.
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