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LED Cube 8x8x8

LED Cube 8x8x8
Create your own 8x8x8 LED Cube 3-dimensional display!

We believe this Instructable is the most comprehensive step-by-step guide to build an 8x8x8 LED Cube ever published on the intertubes. It will teach you everything from theory of operation, how to build the cube, to the inner workings of the software. We will take you through the software step by step, both the low level drivers/routines and how to create awesome animations. The software aspect of LED cubes is often overlooked, but a LED cube is only as awesome as the software it runs.

About halfway through the Instructable, you will actually have a fully functional LED cube. The remaining steps will show you how to create the software.

A video is worth a thousand words. I'll just leave it up to this video to convince you that this is the next project you will be building:


I made this LED cube together with my friend chiller. The build took about 4 days from small scale prototyping to completed cube. Then another couple of hours to debug some faulty transistors.

The software is probably another 4-5 days of work combined.

 
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Step 1Skills required

Skills required
At first glance this project might seem like an overly complex and daunting task. However, we are dealing with digital electronics here, so everything is either on or off!

I've been doing electronics for a long time, and for years i struggled with analog circuits. The analog circuits failed over half the time even if i followed instructions. One resistor or capacitor with a slightly wrong value, and the circuit doesn't work.

About 4 years ago, I decided to give microcontrollers a try. This completely changed my relationship with electronics. I went from only being able to build simple analog circuits, to being able to build almost anything!

A digital circuit doesn't care if a resistor is 1k ohm or 2k ohm, as long as it can distinguish high from low. And believe me, this makes it A LOT easier to do electronics!

With that said, there are still some things you should know before venturing out and building this rather large project.

You should have an understanding of:
  • Basic electronics. (We would recommend against building this as your very first electronics project. But please read the Instructable. You'll still learn a lot!)
  • How to solder.
  • How to use a multimeter etc.
  • Writing code in C (optional. We provide a fully functional program, ready to go)
You should also have patience and a generous amount of free time.

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1538 comments
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May 22, 2012. 7:14 AMsjowett says:
Hi There I've got the ATMega 324A PU 1106 and unfortunately am having some issues. Using avrdude it reports that the register name does not match (aparently the register is 0x1e9515) I've forced avrdude with the -F command and everything looks ok but the 2 status LED's do not flash. (what is the flash rate of the 2 leds?) Does anybody know what the difference between a 'P' and an 'A' version. After some searching I'm struggling to find any easy to read info on this subject. Anyway I guess I'll go out and try find an 'old' AT mega32 16PU as in the photo above! Any advice would be appreciated - great instructable!
May 22, 2012. 2:33 AMangelo.conforti says:
I apologize for my English but I am using a translator.
First, I sincerely thank the creator of this project, I followed everything to the letter everything works fine. To simplify things I used the Arduino.
I wonder if you can add other animations, always with arduino. In part with ATMEGA, the animation of fireworks that is beautiful, but what is not in programming with Arduino. How can I do?? Thank you again.
May 22, 2012. 2:36 AMangelo.conforti says:
May 21, 2012. 11:35 AMloup123456789 says:
This one it is good ?

http://www.powersupplydepot.com/Power_Supplies/Bench_Supplies/0-18V,_0-3_A_Variable_Benchtop_Power_Supply_9600_PS.asp


If not can you send me a good one.



May 14, 2012. 3:50 PMarighi1 says:
hey guys Just have this important Question please help me out
I want to know how much can be the value of the resistace pull up (Rc) besides I have pull a resistance Rb=1 k to transistor NPN MPS 2222 A
May 17, 2012. 9:22 AMristdaro says:
Resistor values assuming you are following CHR's design

I used the following on my working cube:

R2=10K
R3-R18 220 ohm
R20-R28 4k7 ohm

Hope this helps
May 17, 2012. 3:47 PMarighi1 says:
hi again, Just want you to know that I used this value in R3-R18 and it's 1 k
I want to ask wht the value I suposed to do in R20-R28
May 17, 2012. 4:29 PMristdaro says:
If you read my previous post

R20-R28 should 4K7 ohms or 4.7k ohms or 4700 ohms if you prefer

As for using 1k resistors on the base leg of the transistors this value is oo high. Read the posts and you will see that 220 ohms is the correct value. assuming you are using them in parallel as CHR did in his circuit design.

I have a working cube based on these values so I can assure you they are correct.
Feb 17, 2012. 1:05 PMfluetke says:
Hi everyone, I finally got my weird IC problems solved, but neither me nor my electronics technician buddy can explain what caused these problems or what fixed them. They were suddenly gone. Either way, here it is:


At the moment, it only runs the default animations as I didn't have time to programm new ones, but one of the future goals is to have winamp or vlc visualizations running on the cube. 
Also I forgot to drill a hole for the RS232 mode btn, hence the cable coming out under the front.

Let me once again, thank you and the community for this great instructable and all the helpful comments.
May 17, 2012. 1:44 PMtrimdell says:
Hola disculpa puedes ayudarme con tu programación por fa por que me esta fallando el cubo led ya que hay algo que no funciona bien no se prenden 3 filas

gracias
May 17, 2012. 5:25 AMz00t says:
hi everyone,

by looking through the comments i have finally gotten all the info to complete my shopping list =))))

i was just wondering if anyone can tell me what pull-up resistors they used for the control board with the transistor array. there seems to be some confusion. thanks alot in advance.
May 13, 2012. 4:14 AMryanprocter says:
would this work with an arduino uno. that has an atmega328 in it
May 13, 2012. 3:01 AMinnercitydk says:
Awesome instructional Chr!

I found this instructional that can be used as a reference to a complete wiring of the backside of the AVR board. It helped me a lot along with the Addendum instructional.

http://www.instructables.com/id/My-8x8x8-LED-Cube/
Jun 15, 2011. 10:26 AMr.mulder says:
My PCB's have just arrived. Since I have some PCB's spare, drop me a note if you are interested. Photo's are attached, some compontents are still missing on the photo.
It are two printed circuits, 10 x 8cm, stackable, real neat.
Jan 22, 2012. 9:22 AMr.mulder says:
The boards keep refining whilst they remain functional the same. After the green and blue I now have a bunch of orange/red ones. The latest one have the orientation of transistors in both TO18/72 and TO92 housing.
May 10, 2012. 9:27 PMbdmsoft says:
Hi I wold like to have PCB how to get it ..
May 11, 2012. 12:37 AMr.mulder says:
Hi, either send me a DM via this website, or write me an email to roel.mulder at gmail.com and I'll send you the info.
Dec 30, 2011. 2:42 PMr.mulder says:
As Bruce pointed out, the transistors on the right photo are orientated incorrect, see picture by Bruce below.
Dec 30, 2011. 1:52 PMdabamrak says:
Ah from you I bought the spare :-). Tnx for the refund on the shippingcosts! Today I received my order from Futurlec and I'm very sattisfied. So now the work starts!
Dec 7, 2011. 9:57 PMmartin31c says:
So, any news on the PCB boards?
Dec 7, 2011. 8:32 PMrclay701 says:
Sent PM re PCBs

Rick
Dec 7, 2011. 7:55 AMmartin31c says:
yes im interested please let me know i can get my hands on them
martin31c@yahoo.com
Jul 31, 2011. 5:21 PMsortega2 says:
hey i'm really interested in the PCB's how much are you selling them for and is it possible for me to buy em from you with all the components already soldered to them ?
Jul 31, 2011. 11:57 PMr.mulder says:
An earlier reply seems to have disappeared. Please drop me an email to roel.mulder at gmail.com for the boards. I'm not going to solder you the LED matrix though.
Jun 27, 2011. 5:21 PMqwertyboy says:
Just wondering, but where did you order your boards from?
Jun 27, 2011. 11:00 PMr.mulder says:
Well, I took the trouble to develop them myself, based on the design here. A PCB is kinda neat in comparison to an experimentation board.
Jun 20, 2011. 8:15 AMlazardj says:
for how much are you selling them? and where are you from? :)
May 9, 2012. 3:00 PMarighi1 says:
hi, I Just wanna ask if I can use 14.7456 MHz crustal instead of the crystal 15
waiting fr yr answer thank y a looot
May 9, 2012. 12:26 AMpandyaketan says:
Awsome work!
But most enthusiasts would only be able to make projects similar to mine!
;-DDD

reg
aketan
May 3, 2012. 11:34 AMjwestenberg says:
So I finished my cube a while ago and everything looks and works great.

Now I am trying to get the rs232 mode to work. I bought a usb to ttl converter module built and ran the software on linux and put the cube in rs232 mode.

Although the cube lit up I had no succes. The Led's are just flashing randomly. If you try very hard you might recognize some patterns but mostly it just seems random.

I also downloaded the software that gives you a virtual cube where you can put lights on or off by clicking on the virtual cube. This also doesn't work like it should. When I let the software put the entire cube on, just 4 leds on 1 row flas on and of 1 time. When I turn the cube on and off a few times every time just a few leds every time in a different row will light.

When I turn 1 led on just a random led will turn on untillI turn it off again..

Does anybody have any idea what might be wrong?????

This is a link to the converter i bought: http://www.ebay.com/itm/170798767126?ssPageName=STRK:MEWNX:IT&_trksid=p3984.m1497.l2649
May 3, 2012. 10:30 PMniuzhiyong58 says:
you mean PC send datas to MCU to let the device work?,It sounds great.Maybe the data you send to MCU have some problem ?
May 4, 2012. 12:55 AMjwestenberg says:
The pc sends data to the maxim chip just like it is explained in this instructible.
I don't think there is something wrong with the data I send because it is the standard program I used from this instructible.
May 7, 2012. 10:26 AMristdaro says:
Check Tx and Rx on the MAX232 as they are reversed on CHR's circuit diagram
T1 in at the MAX232 should connect to pin 15 TXD PD1 at the ATMEGA end and R1 out to pin 14 RXD PD0
May 7, 2012. 5:22 AMenSYS says:
I think lfuse should have been 0b11101110 for external osc to work.
May 5, 2012. 4:06 AMgokhank says:
8x8x8 LED cube is working 100%. rs all included in part 232. Ubuntu 11.10. make nautilus open terminal in the open. instructables and chr ederim.jwestenberg thank you very much. is the only way to help his comment oldu.windows.
instructables,chr,jwestenberg, thank you
Apr 19, 2012. 8:01 PMmarka356 says:
I have a Arduino Uno and 75HC595 shift registers, I am having trouble on how to connect them to the Arduino and no schematic for the controller also a 74HC238 any help is appreciated and will the code you work with this set up. I have the cube built and LEDs tested.
Apr 23, 2012. 12:47 PMmatt.e.jenkins says:
I have a similar problem and question. I am building a cube with a Arduino Uno and 74hc595 shift registers. I don't know how your 75hc595s differ from my 74hc595s. I started a forum at http://arduino.cc/forum/index.php/topic,102706.0.html
If you learn anything can you let me know?
Thanks,
Matt
Apr 23, 2012. 6:45 PMmarka356 says:
The only thing I have found close is in the link

http://www.mushroo.me/home/voxel-shield/voxel-shield-overview

another one is with a netduino mini here is the link

http://wiki.netduino.com/Print.aspx?Page=LEDCube

My team at ITT Tech is going with the netduino for our project since we need to get it done and all the code is there we used 100 ohm resistors instead of the 68 ohm.
Hopefully this helps.
Thanks for the reply
May 3, 2012. 9:58 AMmatt.e.jenkins says:
I found just what i was looking for at
http://jacksonliam.blogspot.com/2012/03/led-cube-8x8x8-part-1-theory.html
He build it just like I am going to and the code is given.
I hope this helps someone.
Matt
May 3, 2012. 10:19 AMmarka356 says:
Thank you Matt. I will give that a try since we had no luckiest with netduino.
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Author:chr
I like microcontrollers and LEDs :D