Obstacle Avoiding Robot Using Arduino (4 Wheels)

Welcome to the tutorial for the Obstacle Avoiding Robot Car using Arduino, Ultrasonic sensor and L298N Motor Driver.

In case you haven’t watched the YouTube video, I highly recommend that you do, as it will give you a better idea of how the robot might look after it’s done and why you might need a robot like this.

Step 1: Components Required:

Chassis: https://amzn.to/2UKzjQI

Motors: https://amzn.to/2TiySwJ (buy 4)

Wheels: https://amzn.to/2S9a8ts

Arduino Uno: https://amzn.to/2TfOSzq

L298N Motor Driver: https://amzn.to/2UorLTl

Breadboard: https://amzn.to/2WM4vRg

Switch: https://amzn.to/2TjsJjQ

Power Bank: https://amzn.to/2Urt9VD

12V Li-Po Battery: https://amzn.to/2RQwzEp

Li-Po battery charger: https://amzn.to/2DGgR63

Micro Servo Motor: https://amzn.to/2UkZBbX

Ultrasonic Sensor: https://amzn.to/2UnFz0x

Double sided tape: https://amzn.to/2Sa3pQ4

Electrical Tape: https://amzn.to/2UoDWQk

Wires: https://amzn.to/2BaSeNb

Soldering Iron set: https://amzn.to/2WQwnDM

Step 2: Circuit Diagram:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM CORRECTION: THE POWER SUPPLY FROM THE LI-PO BATTERY IS WRONG IN THE PICTURE. THE RED WIRE (POSITIVE) GOES TO THE 12V TERMINAL IN THE MOTOR DRIVER AND THE BLACK ONE (NEGATIVE) GOES TO THE GROUND TERMINAL OF THE DRIVER.

The same connections will apply for 5V motors. Just change the 12V Li-Po battery for standard 9V batteries. You can buy it from any electrical shop. Anyway here’s a link: https://amzn.to/2HFov4F

If you only want to use 2 motors, then the same connections will apply. Just add a fly wheel at the front center and connect the motors from the motor driver. Just don’t short the two side motors, since there aren’t any. Here’s a link for the fly wheel: https://amzn.to/2UoPtin

If any side motors are rotating in the opposite direction, just reverse those motor connection terminals in the L298 Motor Driver. Check the video to see how I arranged all the boards and circuits. You can do your’s like that or however else you like.

Step 3: Programming

In order to use the ultrasonic sensor and calculate the distance between the sensor and a potential object, we will need a particular arduino library file. You can download that here. Just go ahead and download the latest version. Once downloaded, open the RAR file. Click on the NewPing folder and click extract to. Next you have to extract it to your library folder in the arduino file directory. For me, that was “C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries“.

Now that you have the necessary libraries (the libraries for the other components are built into the arduino IDE), you can download this arduino file. If the link doesn’t work just copy the below code and paste into the arduino IDE sketch: (read the “//” comments for better clarification).

<p>#include           //Servo motor library. This is standard library<br>#include         //Ultrasonic sensor function library. You must install this library</p><p>//our L298N control pins
const int LeftMotorForward = 7;
const int LeftMotorBackward = 6;
const int RightMotorForward = 4;
const int RightMotorBackward = 5;</p><p>//sensor pins
#define trig_pin A1 //analog input 1
#define echo_pin A2 //analog input 2</p><p>#define maximum_distance 200
boolean goesForward = false;
int distance = 100;</p><p>NewPing sonar(trig_pin, echo_pin, maximum_distance); //sensor function
Servo servo_motor; //our servo name</p><p>void setup(){</p><p>  pinMode(RightMotorForward, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LeftMotorForward, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LeftMotorBackward, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(RightMotorBackward, OUTPUT);
  
  servo_motor.attach(10); //our servo pin</p><p>  servo_motor.write(115);
  delay(2000);
  distance = readPing();
  delay(100);
  distance = readPing();
  delay(100);
  distance = readPing();
  delay(100);
  distance = readPing();
  delay(100);
}</p><p>void loop(){</p><p>  int distanceRight = 0;
  int distanceLeft = 0;
  delay(50);</p><p>  if (distance <= 20){
    moveStop();
    delay(300);
    moveBackward();
    delay(400);
    moveStop();
    delay(300);
    distanceRight = lookRight();
    delay(300);
    distanceLeft = lookLeft();
    delay(300);</p><p>    if (distance >= distanceLeft){
      turnRight();
      moveStop();
    }
    else{
      turnLeft();
      moveStop();
    }
  }
  else{
    moveForward(); 
  }
    distance = readPing();
}</p><p>int lookRight(){  
  servo_motor.write(50);
  delay(500);
  int distance = readPing();
  delay(100);
  servo_motor.write(115);
  return distance;
}</p><p>int lookLeft(){
  servo_motor.write(170);
  delay(500);
  int distance = readPing();
  delay(100);
  servo_motor.write(115);
  return distance;
  delay(100);
}</p><p>int readPing(){
  delay(70);
  int cm = sonar.ping_cm();
  if (cm==0){
    cm=250;
  }
  return cm;
}</p><p>void moveStop(){
  
  digitalWrite(RightMotorForward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(LeftMotorForward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorBackward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(LeftMotorBackward, LOW);
}</p><p>void moveForward(){</p><p>  if(!goesForward){</p><p>    goesForward=true;
    
    digitalWrite(LeftMotorForward, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(RightMotorForward, HIGH);
  
    digitalWrite(LeftMotorBackward, LOW);
    digitalWrite(RightMotorBackward, LOW); 
  }
}</p><p>void moveBackward(){</p><p>  goesForward=false;</p><p>  digitalWrite(LeftMotorBackward, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorBackward, HIGH);
  
  digitalWrite(LeftMotorForward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorForward, LOW);
  
}</p><p>void turnRight(){</p><p>  digitalWrite(LeftMotorForward, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorBackward, HIGH);
  
  digitalWrite(LeftMotorBackward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorForward, LOW);
  
  delay(500);
  
  digitalWrite(LeftMotorForward, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorForward, HIGH);
  
  digitalWrite(LeftMotorBackward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorBackward, LOW);
 
  
  
}</p><p>void turnLeft(){</p><p>  digitalWrite(LeftMotorBackward, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorForward, HIGH);
  
  digitalWrite(LeftMotorForward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorBackward, LOW);</p><p>  delay(500);
  
  digitalWrite(LeftMotorForward, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorForward, HIGH);
  
  digitalWrite(LeftMotorBackward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorBackward, LOW);
}</p>

Step 4: Done!

Now just compile and upload the code to the Arduino.

It should work perfectly. But if it doesn’t, just comment down here and I’ll clarify it as soon as possible. Please consider subscribing to MY YOUTUBE CHANNEL, I worked really hard on this project (building the robot, programming, video, website tutorial, custom parts links, etc). I have a lot more blogs like this and other fascinating topics on THIS WEBSITE, so please stick around and check a few of them out. Please do follow if you like them.

Thank You.

Comments

[bushi12]

i've got a little problem
these errors keep appearing, can you help me?

Floor_Cleaning:6:11: error: expected unqualified-id before '<' token
Floor_Cleaning:10:34: error: expected unqualified-id before '<' token
Floor_Cleaning:15:20: error: expected unqualified-id before '<' token
Floor_Cleaning:17:10: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
Floor_Cleaning:18:10: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
Floor_Cleaning:19:10: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
Floor_Cleaning:21:3: error: 'servo_motor' does not name a type
Floor_Cleaning:22:3: error: 'ervo_motor' does not name a type; did you mean 'servo_motor'?
Floor_Cleaning:23:8: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
Floor_Cleaning:24:3: error: 'distance' does not name a type
Floor_Cleaning:25:8: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
Floor_Cleaning:26:3: error: 'distance' does not name a type
Floor_Cleaning:27:8: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
Floor_Cleaning:28:3: error: 'distance' does not name a type
Floor_Cleaning:29:8: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
Floor_Cleaning:30:3: error: 'distance' does not name a type
Floor_Cleaning:31:8: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
Floor_Cleaning:32:1: error: expected declaration before '}' token
exit status 1
expected unqualified-id before '<' token

[Tadashi_Hamada]

It might be that you do not have the variables defined or that you have them in the wrong place. All I see are mostly syntax errors, I too am new to Arduino so I would post on the forums to see the problem. But looking at the code above I would remove the "<p>"s and would also put the libraries in different lines as the sensors's library is commented out.

[JavohirN]

Hello everyone, I have been making an Obstacles Avoiding Arduino car with 4 wheels, it is stopping and going back when it sees an obstacle, but itsn't turning right or left,or, when it is turning right or left it isn't going back to it's previous position (not going forward, only going left opr right making an circle). Can you please help, thanks beforehand

[seamster]

Looks like a good little robot! : )

[prakash_ganesan]

That's what i was going for... Thanks.

[mimax]

It seems that the power wiring is incorrect？

[prakash_ganesan]

How so?
It worked perfectly fine for me and for a couple of friends in college...
I even made a video on it on youtube... Check it out.