I wanted a small door to open automatically (via Arduino - morning/night) to the outside world. Doing this would relieve us from worrying if the chickens were safe at night and to be able to leave the house when we wanted) This door will be located on the side of the coop and will slide open (vertically) so the girls can up & down their ladder about 18″ to the ground level. (although ladders are really not needed as my chickens can fly straight up to the door without trouble)
I’ve lived with the chickens and the coop for some time now and have learned quite a bit… especially about their habits. This is important, because no matter how much I’d like to automate this coop via my El Pollo Palace Networks Operations Center or the E.P.P.N.O.C. = ) (Arduino Controller) the chickens will ultimately dictate how it’s made and how it will operate.

Step 1: Videos of the Arduino Chicken Coop Door

The Installed Arduino Chicken Door

How I built the Automated Chicken Coop Door

Testing the door with the Arduino

Step 2: The Photocell

Note: for a nicer view of the images, parts, diagrams and code, please visit:
http://davenaves.com/blog/interests-projects/chickens/chicken-coop/arduino-chicken-door/

When I first started this coop project I wanted to use a real-time clock and an Arduino library called Time Lord, but since I was a newbie to Arduino and struggled with the implementation of Time Lord I decided to go with using a photocell resistor instead. I’m actually glad I did since chickens come home to roost based on light, (not time) and with a photocell I won’t have to worry about a real time clock resetting due to power outages or battery failure, I think it will be less prone to problems.

Photocell application and installation
I first soldered the photocellto my cable, applied heat shrink tubing and encased the connection within a 1/4 inch plastic audio connector case. I filled the casing with silicone and capped the very tip with clear plexiglass to project the photocell from the elements. then I simply drilled a hole above the coop door monitor, and finished the outside with a brass grommet.

Step 3: The Door Construction

Note: for a nicer view of the images, parts, diagrams and code, please visit:

http://davenaves.com/blog/interests-projects/chickens/chicken-coop/arduino-chicken-door/

As you can see, the door construction is fairly straightforward. I began framing out the door with 2 x 2s, capped with 2x4s and screwed everything together with 1/2 inch galvanized deck screws. The door itself is a 1/8 inch birch, sandwiching in OSB plywood door locks ~and in the pictures (below)~ is the 1/8th inch acrylic. Note: I have since swapped out the acrylic with more 1/8 inch birch because I cracked the acrylic… being too rough with all the testing. =(

I cut 1/2 inch grooves into the backsides of the 2x2s so the door could slide easily. I gave myself enough room for 1/4″ of play. You can see in the pictures I’ve also rubbed a bar of soap over the edges all moving parts to ensure that they will move freely. If you’re taking on this project I’m assuming you have basic carpentry skills and can simply take a look at the pictures below to come up with similar ideas to build your own. ( which of course is my way of saying I didn’t do a great job documenting this exact process with plans or dimensions) =)

Step 4: The Door Reed Switches

Note: for a nicer view of the images, parts, diagrams and code, please visit:
http://davenaves.com/blog/interests-projects/chickens/chicken-coop/arduino-chicken-door/

At first I was going to use micro switches for this build, but after testing them I felt they would wear out over time, being mechanical-type switches. So instead I chose to use Reed Switches, which are essentially magnets that when you get close in proximity throw an electromagnetic field thereby becoming a switch with open or closed values. ( high/low | 0/1)

Step 5: The Chicken Door Motor

Note: for a nicer view of the images, parts, diagrams and code, please visit:
http://davenaves.com/blog/interests-projects/chickens/chicken-coop/arduino-chicken-door/

I chose a 25 RPM model, but you can certainly buy a different speed (just not *too* fast)

That main images is the motor I purchased. Here’s a saved search of a DC 24V 25 RPM 6mm Dia Shaft Magnetic Gearbox Electric Motor 37mm at Amazon

Step 6: The Chicken Door Installation

Note: for a nicer view of the images, parts, diagrams and code, please visit:
http://davenaves.com/blog/interests-projects/chickens/chicken-coop/arduino-chicken-door/

Step 7: Parts Used for the Arduino Automated Chicken Door

Note: for a nicer view of the images, parts, diagrams and code, please visit:
http://davenaves.com/blog/interests-projects/chickens/chicken-coop/arduino-chicken-door/

(my affiliate links)

Arduino MEGA 2560 Board R3 - by Arduino

(The Arduino Micro Controller to control the entire coop, including the door)

NEOMART L298N Stepper Motor Driver Controller Board Module - by Tontec

(The board that controls the motor)

DFGB37RG-136i Cylinder Shape DC 24V Speed 20 RPM Geared Motor - by Amico

The motor it self (make sure to pick a motor that isn't too fast. I chose the 20rpm model)

White Inbuilt Type Alarm Contacts Door Window Reed Switch - by Amico

(The Reed Switches (magnetic) which signals when to start/top the motor)

20pcs Photo Light Sensitive Resistor Photoresistor Optoresistor 5mm GM5539 5539 - by sunkee-E

(The Photocell that continually reads light levels. In this project, it's instructed to read ever 10mins)

10k Ohm Resistors - 1/4 Watt - 5% - 10K (25 Pieces) - by E-Projects

(10k resistors for the photocell and the reed switches - refer to wiring diagram)

BB830 Solderless Plug-in BreadBoard, 830 tie-points, 4 power rails - by BusBoard Prototype Systems

(To connect all devices and wiring. Tip: apply hot glue to wired connections on breadboard once set)

Polycom SoundPoint IP Universal AC Power Supply 24V DC - by Polycom Inc.

(power supply for 24v motor)

Wall Adapter Power Supply - 9V DC 650mA - by NKC Electronics

(power supply for arduino)

Acrylic Sheet, Transparent Clear, 0.08" Thickness, 12" Width, 24" Length - by Small Parts

(To cover door's internal workings...prevents dust, shavings, feathers, etc.)

Step 8: Chicken Coop Door Status LED

I wanted to give myself a quickie visual aid on the exterior of the coop so I could just take a peek outside and see if the coop door was open or closed.

Pretty simple:

I just used 2 LED (1- red, 1- green) and inserted them into the little globe of one of my extra motion sensors. Filled it with silicone and installed on the exterior of the coop:

Drilled 3/4" hole

Chiseled out the square part edge

Wired it up

Coded it up

Voila... insta-visual aid!

Arduino Chicken Coop Door LEDs Status:

Green: indicating the door is closed and chickens are safely inside. This is what I see when I look outside at the coop.

Red: indicating danger: the door is open and chickens are out.

Red: (flashing) indicating danger: the door is stuck and open. Essentially, the code checks to see if both topSwitch and bottomSwitch circ

Arduino chicken coop door status LED (red, indicating danger: the door is open and chickens are out)

uits are open and if so, blink.

Step 9: Wiring Diagram for the Automatic Chicken Coop Door

Note: for a nicer view of the images, parts, diagrams and code, please visit:
http://davenaves.com/blog/interests-projects/chickens/chicken-coop/arduino-chicken-door/

Notes about wiring of the L298N Stepper Motor Driver Controller Board Module to the Motor:

The board is indeed the l298n (the one in the pic might look different b/c i broke a couple of them while testing – but it’s definitely the same model… sometimes suppliers send the same product but with different layouts)

There are actually 8 wires in total to make the board/motor work (I used only 1 motor – motor b)

On mine:

5v (from arduino)

gnd (from arduino)

enab (to enable the motor b)

int1 (direction 1 – up)

int2 (direction2 – down)

24 v in to l298n board (vms)

24v gnd in to l298n board (gnd)

motor b out + (24 volts to motor)

motor b out – (gnd)

Here’s a closeup of the fritzing diagram:http://davenaves.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/Arduino-Automatic-Chicken-Coop-Door-Fritzing-Project1-1024×997.png

Hope it helps

Step 10: The Arduino Code for the Automatic Chicken Coop Door

Note: for a nicer view of the images, parts, diagrams and code, please visit:
http://davenaves.com/blog/interests-projects/chickens/chicken-coop/arduino-chicken-door/

Insider info
To hopefully save you some time, I’ll let you in on the trick that FINALLY got this door to work with the light levels, debouncing the switches and *the chickens*. (as you’ll see in the code) Check the light levels every 10 minutes to avoid the readings bouncing back and forth between dark/twilight/light during those dawn/dusk minutes. Then, when “dark” is reached (for me i chose >= 0 && <= 3 based on when my chickens actually went & stayed in the coop) enable motor dir down > debounce the switches > stop. Then do the opposite for morning. I’m sure there are different, maybe more efficient methods, but this code has been running flawlessly for a while now and I’m feeling confident enough to go out at night without worrying about predators. Although I still somehow find a reason to check the ChickenCam from time to time. (currently waiting for my new servo motors and night vision web cam to arrive in the mail)

// libraries
<p>// libraries<br> 
</p><p>#include < SimpleTimer.h >    // load the SimpleTimer library to make timers, instead of delays & too many millis statements<br>  #include < OneWire.h >        // load the onewire library</p>/*
(before running the sketch, remove spaces before and after the above ">" "<" characters -  the instructables editor wouldn't publish the includes unless i added those spaces)
*/
 
/*
* Copyright 2013, David Naves (http://daveworks.net, <a rel="nofollow"> http://davenaves.com)
</a>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3
* of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
* 
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
* 
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 
* 02110-1301, USA. 
 
*/
 
 /*
* I'm hoping that if you use/modify this code, you will share your
* coop project with me and the world (pictures, whatever)
* I'm big on sharing.
* Cheers,
* //D
*/
 
//pins
  const int photocellPin = A0;                 // photocell connected to analog 0  
  const int enableCoopDoorMotorB = 7;          // enable motor b - pin 7
  const int directionCloseCoopDoorMotorB = 8;  // direction close motor b - pin 8
  const int directionOpenCoopDoorMotorB = 9;   // direction open motor b - pin 9
  const int bottomSwitchPin = 26;              // bottom switch is connected to pin 26
  const int topSwitchPin = 27;                 // top switch is connected to pin 27
 
// vars
 
// photocell
  int photocellReading;                        // analog reading of the photocel
  int photocellReadingLevel;                   // photocel reading levels (dark, twilight, light)
 
// reed switches top and bottom of coop door
 
// top switch
 
  int topSwitchPinVal;                   // top switch var for reading the pin status
  int topSwitchPinVal2;                  // top switch var for reading the pin delay/debounce status
  int topSwitchState;                    // top switch var for to hold the switch state
 
// bottom switch
 
  int bottomSwitchPinVal;                // bottom switch var for reading the pin status
  int bottomSwitchPinVal2;               // bottom switch var for reading the pin delay/debounce status
  int bottomSwitchState;                 // bottom switch var for to hold the switch state
 
// just need 1 SimpleTimer object
  SimpleTimer coopTimer;
// ************************************** the setup **************************************
 
void setup(void) {
  Serial.begin(9600);
 
// welcome message
  Serial.println(" Checking doCoopDoor: every 10 minutes for light levels to open or close door");
  Serial.println();
 
// coop door  
 
// coop door motor
  pinMode (enableCoopDoorMotorB, OUTPUT);            // enable motor pin = output
  pinMode (directionCloseCoopDoorMotorB, OUTPUT);    // motor close direction pin = output
  pinMode (directionOpenCoopDoorMotorB, OUTPUT);     // motor open direction pin = output
 
// coop door switches
// bottom switch
  pinMode(bottomSwitchPin, INPUT);                   // set bottom switch pin as input
  digitalWrite(bottomSwitchPin, HIGH);               // activate bottom switch resistor
 
// top switch
  pinMode(topSwitchPin, INPUT);                      // set top switch pin as input
  digitalWrite(topSwitchPin, HIGH);                  // activate top switch resistor  
 
  // timed actions setup
  coopTimer.setInterval(600000, readPhotoCell);      // read the photocell every 10 minutes
 
}
 
// functions
 
// operate the coop door
 
// photocel to read levels of exterior light
 
 void readPhotoCell() { // function to be called repeatedly - per cooptimer set in setup
 
    photocellReading = analogRead(photocellPin);
      Serial.print(" Photocel Analog Reading = ");

      Serial.println(photocellReading);
 
//  set photocel threshholds
        if (photocellReading >= 0 && photocellReading <= 3) {
        photocellReadingLevel = '1';
        Serial.print(" Photocel Reading Level:");
        Serial.println(" - Dark");
      }  else if (photocellReading  >= 4 && photocellReading <= 120){
         photocellReadingLevel = '2';
         Serial.print(" Photocel Reading Level:");
         Serial.println(" - Twilight");
      }  else if (photocellReading  >= 125 ) {
         photocellReadingLevel = '3';
         Serial.print(" Photocel Reading Level:");
         Serial.println(" - Light");
       }
     }
 
//debounce bottom reed switch
 
  void debounceBottomReedSwitch() { 
 
    //debounce bottom reed switch
    bottomSwitchPinVal = digitalRead(bottomSwitchPin);        // read input value and store it in val
    delay(10);
    bottomSwitchPinVal2 = digitalRead(bottomSwitchPin);       // read input value again to check or bounce
 
      if (bottomSwitchPinVal == bottomSwitchPinVal2) {        // make sure we got 2 consistant readings!
        if (bottomSwitchPinVal != bottomSwitchState) {        // the switch state has changed!
          bottomSwitchState = bottomSwitchPinVal;
        }
        Serial.print (" Bottom Switch Value: ");             // display "Bottom Switch Value:" 
        Serial.println(digitalRead(bottomSwitchPin));        // display current value of bottom switch;
      }
    }
 
 // debounce top reed switch
  void debounceTopReedSwitch() {
 
    topSwitchPinVal = digitalRead(topSwitchPin);               // read input value and store it in val
    delay(10);
    topSwitchPinVal2 = digitalRead(topSwitchPin);              // read input value again to check or bounce
 
      if (topSwitchPinVal == topSwitchPinVal2) {               // make sure we got 2 consistant readings!
        if (topSwitchPinVal != topSwitchState) {               // the button state has changed!
          topSwitchState = topSwitchPinVal;
        }
        Serial.print (" Top Switch Value: ");                // display "Bottom Switch Value:" 
        Serial.println(digitalRead(topSwitchPin));           // display current value of bottom switch;
      }
    }
 
// stop the coop door motor
  void stopCoopDoorMotorB(){
    digitalWrite (directionCloseCoopDoorMotorB, LOW);        // turn off motor close direction
    digitalWrite (directionOpenCoopDoorMotorB, LOW);         // turn on motor open direction
    analogWrite (enableCoopDoorMotorB, 0);                   // enable motor, 0 speed
  }
 
// close the coop door motor (motor dir close = clockwise) 
  void closeCoopDoorMotorB() {  
    digitalWrite (directionCloseCoopDoorMotorB, HIGH);       // turn on motor close direction
    digitalWrite (directionOpenCoopDoorMotorB, LOW);         // turn off motor open direction
    analogWrite (enableCoopDoorMotorB, 255);                 // enable motor, full speed 
      if (bottomSwitchPinVal == 0) {                         // if bottom reed switch circuit is closed
        stopCoopDoorMotorB();
        Serial.print(" Coop Door Closed - no danger");
      }
    }
 
  // open the coop door (motor dir open = counter-clockwise)
  void openCoopDoorMotorB() { 
    digitalWrite(directionCloseCoopDoorMotorB, LOW);    // turn off motor close direction
    digitalWrite(directionOpenCoopDoorMotorB, HIGH);    // turn on motor open direction
      analogWrite(enableCoopDoorMotorB, 255);           // enable motor, full speed
      if (topSwitchPinVal == 0) {                       // if top reed switch circuit is closed
          stopCoopDoorMotorB();
          Serial.print(" Coop Door open - danger!");
      }
    }
 
  void doCoopDoor(){
 
      if (photocellReadingLevel  == '1') {              // if it's dark
        if (photocellReadingLevel != '2') {             // if it's not twilight
          if (photocellReadingLevel != '3') {           // if it's not light 
            debounceTopReedSwitch();                    // read and debounce the switches
            debounceBottomReedSwitch();
            closeCoopDoorMotorB();                      // close the door
          }
        }
      } 
       if (photocellReadingLevel  == '3') {             // if it's light
        if (photocellReadingLevel != '2') {             // if it's not twilight
          if (photocellReadingLevel != '1') {           // if it's not dark 
            debounceTopReedSwitch();                    // read and debounce the switches
            debounceBottomReedSwitch();
            openCoopDoorMotorB();                       // Open the door
          }
        }
      }
    }
 
// ************************************** the loop **************************************
void loop() {
  //  polling occurs
  coopTimer.run();
  doCoopDoor();
 
}

Lessons Learned

What I've learned about the door, Arduino, light and construction:

Best to check the light levels every 10 minutes to avoid the readings bouncing back and forth between dark/twilight/light during those dawn/dusk minutes
Test your door with your chickens to see if any of them like to hang outside after hours
Testing the actual light values outside is very important (many variables involved: light from neighbor's house, clouds, internal/external coop lights etc.)
Debouncing of your switches within your Arduino code is important (door will jump around and fail as electronic readings vary greatly by the millisecond)
Reach out for help on the Arduino Forums before pulling out your hair. (be nice, do your homework and ask very specific questions)
I changed from micro-switches to reed switches (magnets) because I didn't want the mechanics of the micro-switches to fail over time

What I've learned about the chickens:

Keeping on a light within the coop can keep chickens outside longer (I think b/c the ambient light shines outside) And that's important when it comes to automating this door, so they won't get accidentally locked out.
They can jump and fly (high and far)
They love to roost in safety at night, but want nothing more than to get OUT as soon as it's light out

1 Person Made This Project!

dthomasjr2me made it!

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40 Comments

mysterricash

1 year ago

I am so drawn to learning how to do this Arduino stuff. Tell me; what is your background and how long did it take you to feel very comfortable.Secondly is there any soldering involved? I fail at soldering. thank you for sharing it's a gift for the rest of us

Pkristop

Question 3 years ago on Step 1

Nice project - thanks for sharing! Not only do these projects take time, but documenting them for others is a lot of work.

I want to do something similar, but I live in snow/ice country and I'm concerned about the door freezing in the tracks. Did you have to deal with this? If so, how?

MichaelL626

Question 3 years ago on Introduction

I have about 3 Raspberry Pis now the very first one, the second one and now the Raspberry Pi 3 B+. Could I use the first edition as my main microcontroller instead of an arduino as it is just lying around gathering dust? I believe one can buy addons and plug these into the GPIO pins for eg. I have an LCD screen for one of my Pis and was wondering if there was a microcontroller extension I could use in conjunction with the pi instead of buying an entire new single board? maybe dumb questions but you gotta ask?

MichaelL626

Question 3 years ago on Step 10

Hi Dave, Again amazing instructable but what I was concerned about was what about those hens who like to stay out just that little bit longer than most and does the door have a sensor for a hens body? i.o.w. what if a hen is walking through the door at the exact same time the door is closing? Will the door stop going down to let the hen get in and then close once the hen has gone inside?

MichaelL626

3 years ago on Step 10

Hi Dave, By far the most brilliantly designed and executed Automatic Chicken door an dcoop I have ever seen.
I only hope I will be able to build something like this over the next few years. You've defnitely inspired me though without a doubt! Love the auto chicken feeders using pvc pipe, What a great idea!

cube-convict

Question 4 years ago

It looks like the motor driver board has a 5 V output that could be used to power the arduino instead of having a second power source. Did you investigate that? Does it not work for some reason?

gagon1

Question 4 years ago

Can i ask . I am beginer and I make door with solar power with your code. but I would like to have another switch to make shure if anything is blocking door to close... because if it does it will continue to wind up cord and open door full up, and it will not stop so i will have problem. so can you help me to add switch like the other switches , reed , so if door goes up to much it will stop door and let say turn red led . Please can you help me to add that in code .

Thanx . sory about writing i am from CROATIA . thanx for your work. I am a beginer and have made door and everything with your lesson.. but i have used your code in diferent site , the one with Simpletimer.

TueBjørn

4 years ago

Hi!
Great project! I am about to do something similar. But i was planning to use an RTC module instead of a light sensor. But it's more difficult and using the lightsensor is pretty straight forward.
But i'm worried if a dark cloud blocks the sun and the sensor thinks it's night and then lock the chickens in or out. Has this happend to you or is it not a problem?

I hope you have the time to get back to me :-)
Thank you!

BenjaminB41

6 years ago

Can anyone help me, what should I do to solve this problem?

actuonix

6 years ago

This is an awesome project! For those who may want something a little less involved, I think you could accomplish a similar effect with this setup. Though it's based on light rather than a clock.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mp6cbTtiQzU

JoeW98

6 years ago

This is a great tutorial I am in the process of building my coop now. Mine wont be as pretty as yours because I am on a real tight budget so I am building it with whatever scrap material I find and people give me. But it will actually be nice I think for a Junkyard build LOL. My chickens when they were smaller had a smaller cage and like clock work every night same time the would automatically go in but they started to get bigger and I think a little upset with my tardiness to let them out, Sometimes it would be almost 9 am before I got up or around to letting them out. and they were not happy LOL. So I tried making a bigger cage but they seemed to just hate it and never would go in. Probably because same issue me not letting them out soon enough. So about a few months ago they started sleeping on my patio furniture and I had to chase each one down every night to put in there cage. because they just destroyed the furniture with all the pooping they do. I swear how can suck a small animal poop so much they must have one small hose from the stomach to but or something. So Now I got all the materials together motor H bridge motion detectors ect nice shelf I got for free that makes a perfect coop for them to rest in nice and wide and high off the ground. Anyway so since I banned them from ever comming on to my patio again with a fence and few squirts from the hose every time they try to get on it, and even though I just started on the coup 2 days ago and almost finished they automatically went into the coup tonight. Just gotta let them out early and get this program up and running for the auto doors. But I am gonna try to make a few changes I am gonna skip the Fan and Heater don't need them winters are warm summers are hot and a fan does nothing but make it hotter. I have plenty of shade around the yard and a mist-afire I turn on for them to cool of in the day. I also plan to make the visual check of the temperature ect wireless. I prefer to see what the temp is outside from the comforts of my AC LOL, So I have a NRF2401L transmitters I think might work for that , or 433khz transmitters and receiver that I know will work.and is way easier to get programmed and does not have power issues like the NRF does but on the other hand the 433 does not communicate like a Network. because I have other Ideals I would like to try around the house eventually and I would like to be able to monitor them or control them from one spot. So that is gonna be a challenge. I've only been playing around with Arduino for about 4 months now so I am like a 3 year old learning to speak I have learned to say yes and no but man I am a long ways from forming a sentence if you know what I mean LOL But you really have help me get pointed into the right direction and I thank you for that. If I mange to get it all working like I want I will be glad to share the Code with you. Thanks

grasmachien

8 years ago on Introduction

WAW! I absolutely love your project (and the way you explained it, you would be the greatest teacher ever, thanks!). I'll try to build it, but my chickens are a bit chalenging: they like to hang out in front of their door at night. In fact, this is what happens: one goes in, and stays right in front of the door opening (they always sleep on the floor). The others nicely line up, waiting for the first one to move (which Madame refuses of course). After a while, it gets too dark for them to see anything, and they end up sleeping in front of their coop. So I often have to push them all through the door opening before closing it. So, I'm thinking of adding something (PIR? does that detect fluffy creatures?) indicating chicken presence in front of the door. I don't want the door to automatically open again when that is the case, because I don't want predators to trigger the system. So maybe I'll just add a warning light to indicate I have to go rescue them? Or I could leave the door open as long as there are chickens in front of it? Or leave a light on in their coop as long as they're not all indoors? Has anyone perhaps got a better idea or any experience? Perhaps a way to detect how many chickens are actually IN the coop?

PeterRP

6 years ago

Excellent tutorial! I will try making this for our chickens in the near future!

Introduction: Automatic Chicken Coop Door

Step 1: Videos of the Arduino Chicken Coop Door

Step 2: The Photocell

Step 3: The Door Construction

Step 4: The Door Reed Switches

Step 5: The Chicken Door Motor

Step 6: The Chicken Door Installation

Step 7: Parts Used for the Arduino Automated Chicken Door

Step 8: Chicken Coop Door Status LED

Step 9: Wiring Diagram for the Automatic Chicken Coop Door

Step 10: The Arduino Code for the Automatic Chicken Coop Door

Lessons Learned

1 Person Made This Project!

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40 Comments