Introduction: DIY Arduino Geiger Counter
Hello everybody! How do you do? This is project How-ToDo my name is Konstantin, and today I want to show you how i made this Geiger counter. I started to build this device almost from the beginning of last year. Since then it has gone through 3 complete rework and my laziness. The idea to make a dosimeter appeared from the very beginning of my passion of electronics, the topic of radiation was always interesting to me.
Step 1: Theory
So actually dosimeter is very simple device, we need the sensing element, in our case - the Geiger tube, power for it, usually it is about 400V DC and an indicator, in the simplest way is just a speaker. When ionizing radiation striking the wall of Geiger counter and knocked out electrons from it, it makes the gas in the tube conductive, so power goes directly to the speaker and it clicks, you can much better explanation on the web if interested. I think everyone will agree that clicks are not the most informative indicator, although it will be able to warn about the increasing radiation, but counting them with a stopwatch for an accurate results is kind of weird, so I decided to add display some brains.
Step 2: Design
Lets move to the practice, for the brain I choose arduino nano, program is very simple it's counting pulse of the tube for a certain time and display it on LCD, also it's show nice radiation warning sing and battery level. As a power source I use 18650 battery, but arduino needs 5v, so I DC-DC bust converter and li-ion charger to make devise completely autonomous.
Step 3: High Voltage DC-DC
I have hard time working on a high voltage power supply, originally I build it by myself, wound a transformer about 600 turns in secondary coil , drive it with MOSFET transistor and PWM from arduino. It's working, but I want to keep things simple, it's better when u can just buy 5 modules, solder 10 wires and get working devise then winding a coil, adjusting PWM, I want anyone to be able to repeat it. So I found high voltage DC-DC bust converter, it's strange but it's hard to find and most popular module has about 100 sales. I ordered it, made a new case, but when start to test - it gives out a maximum of 300V but the description says up to 620v, I tried to fix it, but the problem probably was in transformer. Whatever, I bought another module and it came in different size description says the same... I returned money but keep this module because it gives 400v we need, but anyway maximum 450 instead 1200 (something is really wrong with Chinese measuring devises... ) I made a new case, again.
Step 4: Components
And so in the end we have a design almost entirely consisting of modules:
- High voltage step up DC-DC ( Aliexpress OR Amazon )
- Charger ( Aliexpress OR Amazon )
- 5v DC-DC bust converter ( Aliexpress OR Amazon )
- Arduino nano ( Aliexpress OR Amazon )
- OLED display there is 128*64 but in final I'm using 128*32 ( Aliexpress OR Amazon )
- Also we need transistor 2n3904 ( Aliexpress OR Amazon )
- Resistors 10M and 10K ( Aliexpress OR Amazon )
- Capacitor 470pf ( Aliexpress OR Amazon )
- Switch button ( Aliexpress OR Amazon )
Battery, optional active piezo buzzer and Geiger counter itself, I'm using old made in USSR tube, called STS-5 it's pretty cheap and easy to find on ebay or amazon, also it's going to work with a SBM-20 tube or any other, you just need to write parameters to a program, in my case the value of micro-roentgen per hour is equal to the number of tube pulse in 60 second. And well, the case printed on a 3d printer .
Also there are pretty cheap Geiger Counter Kits u might be interested. ( Aliexpress OR Amazon )Step 5: Assembly
Lets start an assembly, the first thing to do is to set the voltage on the high voltage DC-DC with this potentiometer, for STS-5 it is approximately 410V. Then simply solder all the modules together by this circuit, I use solid wires, it will increase stability of construction and it is possible to assemble the device on the table, and then just insert it into the case. An important point, we need to connect in and out minus of the high voltage converter, I simply solder a jumper. Since we can't just connect an arduino to the 400v, we need a simple transistor circuit, I make it point-to-point wiring and wrapped it in a heat shrink tube, a 10MΩ resistor from + 400V was fixed right into the connector. It's better to make a cupper foil bracket for the tube, but I just twist a wire around, it's working fine, don't reverse plus and minus of Geiger counter. I connect display to the detachable cable, insulate it carefully, it's very near to the high voltage module. Some hot glue. And assembly is done!
Step 6: Final
Put it in the case and we are to test it. But I don't anything for tests, by the way Background radiation is looks fine. What can I say, is this devise working? Yes, sure. But I see a lots of way to upgrade it, for example large display so u can draw graphics, Bluetooth module, or use Sievert instead of Roentgen. I'm okay with device, but if u will upgrade it, please share! So thats all I got for today, hope u like it, and if u do please share this video in social media, it's really helps. Thanks for watching, see u next time!
Find me on social media:
https://www.youtube.com/c/HowToDoEng
https://www.instagram.com/konsta.kogan/

Second Prize in the
Arduino Contest 2017
1 Person Made This Project!
- SMAdam made it!
71 Comments
Question 18 days ago
Is there any software for0.95 inch 7pin Full Color 65K Color SSD1331 SPI OLED Display Module? I look threw my display and found that one.
Jack
Question 19 days ago
How can I get a case made? What would be the cost? I receive all the parts and now I'm going to start building it
5 months ago
Hi, does anyone have a program for a large display 1.3" 128x64 OLED display I2C for which there is a 3D box from Thingiverse?
Reply 4 months ago
Hi astalalavista, I made my own code based off the doz.ino code below in the comments. Im using an Adafruit 1.3" 128x64 OLED display I2C and its working fine, until I plug in the 400v dc-dc boost converter... Im using some different parts, for example, the tube is an SBT-9, which has an alpha window, im also using the more modern Arduino Nano RP2040 connect and two high value resistors for a voltage dividor to measure the battery voltage.
There is also a button to cycle between microSieverts, Counts Per Minute and Total Counts. My code is made with the SBT-9 in mind, so if you use another tube, you'll have to change the values in void "microSieverts_Hr()" function to get accurate readings.
Reply 4 months ago
Hi,
Thank you very much for your reply. I will try your edit in the future. I managed to modify the program from Moritz v. Sivers PKE meter Geiger counter.
Question 10 months ago on Step 1
Hello!
I noticed that your arduino program for this project is unavailable, would you kindly repost a new link for downloading it?
Answer 10 months ago
I found a copy of the software at VK, here is a link. Hope this helps for those looking for this project.
Arduino Project Name: doz.ino
https://vk.com/docs-65537935
Reply 10 months ago
/* Or Just Copy Paste this for your Geiger Project
* I hope this helps, and remember keep on crafting :3
* SCL - A5
* SDA - A4
*
*
* Voltmeter - A3
*
* PWM - D9
* Input - D2
*
* buzzer - D7
*
*/
#include <Bounce2.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>
#define OLED_RESET 4
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(OLED_RESET);
#define NUMFLAKES 10
#define XPOS 0
#define YPOS 1
#define DELTAY 2
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
unsigned long previousMillis1 = 0;
const long interval = 40000;
const long interval1 = 500;
static const unsigned char PROGMEM lcd_bmp[] =
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static const unsigned char PROGMEM logo[] =
{ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3F,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
static const unsigned char PROGMEM bt1[] =
{ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
#if (SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT != 32)
#error("Height incorrect, please fix Adafruit_SSD1306.h!");
#endif
const int buttonPin = 2;
const int ledPin = 13;
int buttonState = 0;
int bt = 0;
int pbt = 0;
int s1 = 0;
unsigned long j;
unsigned long CR = 0;
unsigned long cs;
int sec;
/////////////////////////////////
float input_voltage = 0.0;
float temp=0.0;
///////////////////////////////////
Bounce bouncer = Bounce();
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C); // initialize with the I2C addr 0x3C (for the 128x32)
display.display();
display.clearDisplay();
display.drawBitmap(0, 0, logo, 128, 32, WHITE);
display.display();
delay(2000);
display.clearDisplay();
TCCR1A = TCCR1A & 0xe0 | 2;
TCCR1B = TCCR1B & 0xe0 | 0x09;
analogWrite(9,22 ); // на выводе 9 ШИМ=10%
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); //
pinMode (7, OUTPUT); // buzzer
pinMode(2 ,INPUT); // кнопка на пине 2
digitalWrite(2 ,HIGH); // подключаем встроенный подтягивающий резистор
bouncer .attach(2); // устанавливаем кнопку
bouncer .interval(5); // устанавливаем параметр stable interval = 5 мс
}
void loop() {
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
unsigned long currentMillis1 = millis();
if (bouncer.update())
{ //если произошло событие
if (bouncer.read()==0)
{ bt++;
}
}
if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval) {
previousMillis = currentMillis;
CR = bt;
bt = 0;
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
if (bt != pbt) {
pbt = bt;
s1 = 1;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////VOLTMETER PIN A3////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int analog_value = analogRead(A3);
input_voltage = (analog_value * 5.0) / 1024.0;
if (input_voltage < 0.1)
{
input_voltage=0.0;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////TEXT ON DISPLAY//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
display.clearDisplay();
display.setTextSize(2);
display.setTextColor(WHITE);
display.setCursor(10,0);
display.clearDisplay();
display.println(CR);
display.setCursor(10,18);
display.println(bt);
display.setCursor(40,18);
display.println();
display.setTextSize(1);
display.setCursor(40,0);
display.println("mR/hr");
/////////////////////////////////////////////////BATTERY INDICATION////////////////////////////////////////////
display.drawBitmap(0, 0, fl, 128, 32, WHITE);
if (input_voltage > 3.3) {
display.drawBitmap(0, 0, bt1, 128, 32, WHITE);
if (input_voltage > 3.4) {
display.drawBitmap(0, -5, bt1, 128, 32, WHITE);
if (input_voltage > 3.5) {
display.drawBitmap(0, -10, bt1, 128, 32, WHITE);
if (input_voltage > 3.6) {
display.drawBitmap(0, -15, bt1, 128, 32, WHITE);
if (input_voltage > 3.8) {
display.drawBitmap(0, -20, bt1, 128, 32, WHITE);
}
}
}
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////RADIATION ICON AND BUZZER/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
if (s1 == 1){
display.drawBitmap(-10, 0, lcd_bmp, 128, 32, WHITE);
digitalWrite (7, HIGH); // buzzer ON
}
else
{
digitalWrite (7, LOW); // buzzer OFF
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
if (currentMillis1 - previousMillis1 >= interval1) {
previousMillis1 = currentMillis1;
if (s1 == 1){
s1=0;
}
}
display.display();
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1 year ago
Hi! Thank you for making your wonderful idea open source! I was thinking instead of using a HV module with a geiger-muller tube, using a bpw34 photodiode with a preamp for the signal. Possibly a simple mono audio amplifier. What do you think?
Thank you
Reply 1 year ago
Val did you make this ???, I would be interested in the code change and the component changes, thank you ahead of time.
Reply 1 year ago
I did not. It did not work unfortunately. I worked with a tiny geiger tube bought from ukraine and a different 400vdc amplifier https://m.aliexpress.com/item/32678790143.html?gatewayAdapt=Pc2Msite .
It worked for a while. But i suspect the gm tube burnt. Still a cool gadget.
Question 1 year ago
do you have a link for the source code? the one in the video description does not work anymore :( and i have already built the device
Answer 1 year ago
https://create.arduino.cc/editor/blackdogsurvival/7aacedef-a5e5-41ce-ab10-819312b6c80a/preview
Reply 1 year ago
thank you very much :)
2 years ago on Step 6
Hello, i made it and test it with Selen 75 it works fine. Good job.
2 years ago on Introduction
Question: is your dosage rate in miliR or microR? it makes a very large difference in exposure over time as well as how acute your counter is registering! :) TY in advance for the info!
Tip 3 years ago
Hello, Great project, I made one and it works fine! But you need to adjust the high voltage with the 10MOhm resistance ! Many thanks!
Reply 2 years ago
Hi! do you mean to adjust voltage to 400 V between the geiger poles once you've connected the 10M resistance??
Thank u!
Reply 2 years ago
Yes if I remember well
Reply 2 years ago
Thanks so much! I'll try it!