Introduction: Guitar Tip Coffee Table | Fusion 360 & CNC
Fab Academy is a digital fabrication certification course run by Neil Gershenfeld, director of MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms, that teaches "How to Make (almost) Anything"
While being a student of Fab Academy 2017, one of the weekly assignments was to MAKE SOMETHING BIG!
My idea is to make a Coffee Table, which I would like to place in our FabLab Kamp-Lintfort, the miracle place where ideas become reality) To be creative, I will build a table in the shape of a guitar tip, the part where the strings are connected!
So Let's get started...
Step 1: Tools & Materials
Software:
- Fusion 360 (or any other 3D software)
- Rhinoceros 3D (or any other CAD which supports .dxf files)
Materials:
- 18mm plywood sheet (or any other wood)
- 3mm acrylic sheet
Tools:
- CNC Milling Machine
- Usual Working Tools (hammer, screws, etc.) may need
MOTIVATION & Good Mood :)
Step 2: Coffe Table | 3D Design in Fusion 360
I was inspired by the FENDER guitar tips, which look really nice in my opinion, and are suitable for becoming a coffee table :p
I start the sketch with a simple rectangle, which will be the reference working area, which means the dimensions of my table should not exceed this area. The dimensions are 600mm x 1100mm
Step 3: Coffe Table | 3D Design in Fusion 360
Using simple shapes like circle, lines, and spine lines, I create the general layout of my table
Step 4: Coffe Table | 3D Design in Fusion 360
I also wanted to have a smoother shape, that is why I make some Fillets at all the corners. I used the radius of 30mm for some corners, and 10mm for the others (check picture)
While I was designing, a cool idea came to my mind!
To add some more spices to the design, I will place on top of the table a sheet of acrylic. It will make the surface of the table totally flat, as well as give it a visual sexiness :D
I decided to make a small Offset of 30mm and place the acrylic sheet in the middle! (check picture)
Step 5: Coffe Table | 3D Design in Fusion 360
Now I want to add the decorative holes, the part where the strings are connected to the guitar. I do not think that they will have any use, but this will make it easier to recognize that this is a part of a guitar!
I drew a circle with the diameter = 70mm, and using the Rectangular Pattern I make six holes equally distributed from each other.
And now I extrude my sketch by pressing E shortcut button, and extrude it by the thickness of the material I am planning to use (18mm in my case).
The inside offset part, I want it to be 3mm engraved, because I will place a 3mm acrylic sheet on top of it, that is why, I extrude it by 15mm (18mm - 3mm).
The holes for the strings, I want them to be 1mm inside the engraved offset, which means I extrude it by 14mm (18mm - 3mm - 1mm)
Step 6: Joint Design
Now I want to make the joints for the legs.
I change the view to Back, and design the joints on the back side of the table by creating a New sketch.
The idea is to make the joints look like a cross. Using simple lines, and taking into account the thickness of the material, I designed the joints.
Step 7: Joint Design
And here comes the Limitation of the CNC machine. The tool diameter of the machine that i am planning to use is 4mm, and the tool has a rounded shape. Because I want the joint to have a 90deg. angle, I have to make something called Pockets. This will allow the tool to go inside the pocket, and will leave the joint with a 90deg. angle.
To be on a safe side, I made the pockets of 6mm diameter, starting from the corner of the cross, and then trimming the unnecessary lines.
The placement of the joints on the main table are picked more or less randomly, the only criteria to keep in mind is the load distribution. Try to place them in a way that they form a uniform triangle, and support the whole area of the table
Step 8: Joint Design
I did not want to have a through cut, because I wanted to keep the top face of the table the way it is, that is why, I had to kind of engrave this joints half way through.
I extruded the joints inside by 10mm pressing E button.
According to my calculations, I have 18mm material thickness, minus 3mm engrave offset on top, minus 1mm holes, and I am left with 14mm. If I go 10mm from the bottom side with the joints, I still remain with 4mm safety material!
To have a joint of 1cm inside, 18mm material thickness, I guess it is going to work!
Hope that it will be enough for the table to be strong and stiff.
Step 9: Legs Design
Next I have to design the legs.
I started with the joint, which is 18mm thick,10mm high, and 50mm wide.
I measured the length of an existing coffee table, and tried to keep the dimensions. So the total length of the leg without the joint is 400mm
Next to the joint on top, I tried to widen the area of the leg, and increase the stiffness of the structure.
Step 10: Legs Design
After I extruded the sketch by 18mm, I converted the new bodies into Components. This will allow me to assemble them, and have a visual representation of whats happening!
In the Assemble menu, I choose Join, and select the points of each component that I want to join.
Before doing that, I have to turn the component at 90deg. by using the Move command
After I assembled the first leg, I also copied the whole thing, because I need 3 legs in total
Step 11: Exporting As .DXF
And these are the parts that I get at the end: the actual table, with the joints on the back side, and the legs
After I double check all the dimensions, make sure that everything fits, I export the sketches as .dxf file for further proceedings
Step 12: CNC Milling
Let's mill it!
To cut my design, I will be using the big CNC monster.
A CNC (computer numerically controlled) is a machine that uses a cutting bit that rotates at a very high speed to remove material from a part. The machine reads a pre‐programmed computer file telling it where and how to cut, usually .GCode file. A cutting bit is rotated at a very high RPM by a spindle motor, which can move the bit up and down. This mechanism is moved left, right, front, and back by a cross arm. The machine is therefore known as a three‐axis router because it can move on the X, Y & Z axis. The machine can do two dimensional cutouts and etching, as well as three‐dimensional relief work.
In FabLab Kamp-Lintfort we have a CNC portal milling machine by e(sign: Easy Worker MasterPro 2513
It’s working area is 2600 x 1400 x 300mm and it comes with a vacuum table. We primarily use it for wood milling but with its HSD Spindel (3.9KW; 24.000U/min) it is also capable to mill metals easily.
Step 13: CNC Milling
The material which I will be using is 18mm Plywood
At first, I place the wood sheet on the CNC bed, and after I aligned it, switch on the vacuum.
After I exported the .dxf file, I used Rhinoceros3D to edit the design before importing it into the machine CAM software.
Because I was planning to do a double side job, the important thing was to keep the same position while flipping the wood, which is kind of hard to achieve!
To accomplish this, we used a little trick, which consists of making reference holes. So this is how it works:
In Rhino3D I designed 4 holes at each of the corners, where I set my Zero X and Y axis. And the idea is that after I flip the sheet, I set the zero again inside the hole! To set the X,Y and Z Zero Positions, I home the machine by pressing the home button in the software (or on the remote control).
Step 14:
Next I have to find the Z axis, which I do using the special tool which comes with the machine
Important thing is to place it on the bed of the machine!
Step 15: CNC Milling
Now I can launch the first job, which is making the reference holes.
The settings that I used you can find on the picture
I press Calculate Tool path to simulate the job and make sure that there are no collisions, after press to start the milling
Step 16: CNC Milling
After the machine finished the job, I can choose the new X and Y axis, by placing the tool right in the center of the hole
Step 17: CNC Milling
Before cutting the actual design, I decided to make a small test, to see the outcome.
In Rhino3D I made a small design of a square, engraved by 3mm, and a circle in the middle engraved by 1mm more.
Exactly the test of what I was planning to do in my design.
After the test, I can be sure that I have the right Zero, I have the right settings, and I can launch my actual design.
Step 18: CNC Milling
I will start with engraving the offset on the upper part
The result and short video of the process find above.
Step 19: CNC Milling
Now I can engrave the holes by one more millimeter.
While waiting for the machine to finish the first job, I designed an inscription of FabLab, which I will launch together with the holes:
Step 20: CNC Milling
Now its time to flip the wood sheet!
Honestly, it was a pain in the ass to align the holes on the old position. Luckily, I marked the holes inside, so it was easier to align!
I was really surprised, but we aligned it so well, that I did not have to position the X and Y axis again, it was exactly in the same position as before :p
And I launched the next job, which is the engraving of the joints, using the same settings as before, changing only the Final Z to 8mm
Step 21: CNC Milling
And finally, the last job of the outside cut and the legs
Step 22: Problem
I do not know if you noticed on the video, but there is actually a little mistake
When the machine just started the job, I noticed that something is wrong, and realized that this happened due to an error in the settings. I had to specify if it was an Inside Cut or an Outside Cut.
In my case, it should be an outside cut, to keep the real dimensions, but I set it as inside cut by mistake)
Better late than never... I realized my mistake on time, and stopped the job!
I fixed the settings, and continued the job. After everything was done, I launched a new job only with one leg, the one that got ruined
Step 23: Putting It All Together
After all the pieces are done, I used the sandpaper to smooth the edges, and make everything look NICE
First, I joined the legs, and fortunately they fit pretty well! And then I joined the legs to the table.
And HERE WE ARE!
Step 24: Engraving the Top | Laser Cutter
Next, I started to prepare the acrylic sheet to place it on the top. Because I already had the .dxf file, I just imported it in Rhino3D again, and added some inscriptions to engrave
Step 25: Engraving the Top | Laser Cutter
In my design, I had two different jobs, one is engraving, which I did first, and second one was the actual cut.
I used color mapping to differentiate between two, and set also the order of the jobs.
The settings that I used, find on the picture above
Step 26: AWESOME | Congratulations
YOU MADE IT, my friend! Must be really stubborn and patient :D
Hope that you enjoyed going through this INSTRUCTABLE, learned something new, and HAD FUN reading this :)
We are THE MAKERS, my friends, and this is JUST THE BEGINNING..
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Best Regards,
Dumitru ALBOT
DIY Portfolio: Dumitru ALBOT
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/albotdima/
