Obstacle Avoiding Robot (Arduino)

Here i'm going to instruct you about making an Obstacle Avoiding Robot based on Arduino. I hope to do step by step guide on making this robot in very easy way. An obstacle avoiding robot is a fully autonomous robot which can be able to avoid any obstacle which it face when it move. Simply, when it met an obstacle while it moving forward, automatically stop moving forward and makes a step back. Then it looks it's two sides left & right and starts to move the best possible way; which means either in left direction if there is another obstacle in right or in right direction if there is another obstacle in left side. The obstacle avoiding robot is very helpful and it is the base of many large projects such as Automatic cars, robots used in Manufacturing factories, even in robots used in spacecrafts.

Step 1: What You Need in This Project:

1. Arduino UNO - https://www.ebay.com/p/Arduino-UNO-R3-Board-With-...
2. Smart robot car chassis with 2 x toy car wheels and 1 x Universal wheel (or ball casters) - https://www.ebay.com/itm/Motor-New-Smart-Robot-Ca...
3. Two DC motors - https://www.ebay.com/itm/Arduino-Smart-Car-Robot-...
4. L298n motor driver - https://www.ebay.com/itm/New-L298N-DC-Stepper-Moto...
5. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sonar sensor - https://www.ebay.com/itm/Ultrasonic-HC-SR04-HC-SR0...
6. TowerPro micro servo 9g - https://www.ebay.com/itm/6X-TowerPro-SG90-Mini-Gea...
7. 7.4V 1300mah Lipo battery - https://www.ebay.com/itm/VOK-Lipo-Battery-for-RC-H...
8. Jumper wires (male-to-male, male-to-female)

9. Mini breadboard

10. Ultrasonic sonar sensor mounting bracket

11. Screws and nuts
12. Screwdriver
13. Soldering iron
14. Double sided tape(optional)
15. Hot glue gun(optional)

Step 2: Assembling the Chassis

Solder two wires to each DC motor. Then fix two motors to the chassis using the screws. If you need any clarification, please watch this youtube video https://www.google.lk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&sou... and it will show you how to assemble the Smart 2WD Robot car chassis. Finally attach the Universal wheel (or ball caster wheel)

Step 3: Mount the Components

Mount the Arduino UNO, L298n motor driver and TowerPro servo motor on the chassis. Note: when mounting the arduino board, leave enough space to plug the USB cable, since later you have to program the arduino board by connecting the it to the PC via a USB cable.

Step 4: Preparing the Ultrasonic Sensor

Plug four jumper wires to the Ultrasonic sensor and mount it on the mounting bracket. Then mount the bracket on the TowerPro micro servo which has already installed on the chassis.

Step 5: Wiring Components

L298n motor driver:

+12V → Lipo battery (+)

GND → Lipo battery (- ) important: connect the GND to lipo battery (-) and to arduino board any GND pin

+5V → arduino Vin

In1 → arduino digital pin 7

In2 → arduino digital pin 6

In3 → arduino digital pin 5

In4 → arduino digital pin 4

OUT1 → Motor 1

OUT2 → Motor 1

OUT3 → Motor 2

OUT4 → Motor 2

Breadboard:

Connect two jumper wires to arduino board 5V and GND pins, then connect both wires to breadboard. now you can use this as +5V supply.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sonar sensor:

VCC → breadboard +5V

Trig → arduino analog pin 1

Echo → arduino analog pin 2

GND → breadboard GND

TowerPro micro servo 9g:

orange wire → arduino digital pin 10

red wire → breadboard +5V

brown wire → breadboard GND

Step 6: Programming Arduino UNO

1. Download and Install the Arduino Desktop IDE
   • windows - https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Windows
   • Mac OS X - https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/MacOSX
   • Linux - https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Linux
2. Download and paste NewPing library (Ultrasonic sensor function library) file to the Arduino libraries folder.
   • Download the NewPing.rar below
   • Extract it to the path - C:\Arduino\libraries
3. Download and open obstacle_avoiding.ino
4. Upload the code to the arduino board via a USB cable

Step 7: Power the Robot

Connect the Lipo battery to the L298n motor driver as follows:

Lipo battery (+) → +12V

Lipo battery (- ) → GND

Step 8: Great !!!

Now your robot is ready to avoid any obstacle....

I would be happy to answer any questions you have

email me: [e-mail]

search me on facebook and linkedin for more projects - Danusha nayantha

Thank You

Comments

[shripadvpotphode]

what is the total cost of robot in indian ruppee

[wkvbwanni]

umm why is the Ena and Enb or what ever pins are not connected and it must be connected to work right

[RiyaGeo6789]

I have rechecked the connections and GND are given as per the schematic but the wheels are not rotating. Please help me fix this

[Aarav Singh]

When I verified sketch he saw a redefinition of void. what I do?

[Aarav Singh]

When I verify scratch he show redefinition of void setup. What are you do?

[gkilb]

I couldn't find a castor, so used an upside-down Lego figure as a skid.- my wife's idea !

[bikeman2]

I've had about a dozen HS students make this, tutorial is easy for them to follow, however they all run in circles. switching motors doesn't make any difference. Have studied the code and for the life of me can't find the problem.

[bikeman2]

I am a teacher using this robot in my course. We are having trouble getting the motors to react, they don't rotate. The servo reacts correctly when we pass our hand in front of the ultrasonic but the motors do not rotate. We have triple checked the circuit and are fairly confident that is correct. Have measured the lithium battery and we have 8.4 V at full charge.

[nortok00]

Hello. I'm gathering the components needed to build this but I'm confused about the mini breadboard. All of the minis I found don't have power rails however when I looked at your pictures the only part of the breadboard I saw used are the power rails (they look detachable) so my questions are:
1. Are the power rails the only part of the breadboard you are using in this project? I ask this because I found a couple other Instructables like this that are using the entire breadboard for connecting some of the components.
2. What mini breadboard are you using (you don't have a link under the supply list) that has detachable power? Or are you simply removing the rail from a regular breadboard?

[Nayantha KGD]

Hello.
You can use any type of breadboard either mini or regular one. Here I have used only the rails of a mini breadboard. In a breadboard (most of the types) has two ways of connection lines, vertically & horizontally. Please study the connection pattern in a breadboard. Once you get the idea, you can decide your connections in the robot.

[singhyoshima994]

Only wheels are moving forward.Ultrasonic sensor is not working. Even wheels rom is low. Please advice me...... i need this urgent.

[uthpala17]

PLZ HOW CONNTCT YOU

[uthpala17]

Robot not working.only goes fowarad
.how to code newpin to hitapp.plz send code

[uthpala17]

Robot not working.only goes fowarad
.how to code newpin to hitapp.plz send code

[Nayantha KGD]

Check your connections again

[uthpala17]

Connections ok double checked.all programs done.causes.roboot not workings.plz help me.

[uthpala17]

Pls send me newpin code

[Nayantha KGD]

NewPing library has attached here, please find it and follow the given instructions to install it. You have to download it, unzip it and copy paste it to the arduino installed directory.

[uthpala17]

Pls tell me how to copy newpin library ide software pls

[uthpala17]

Connection ok