Troubleshooting PCBs is often a challenge, with factors such as size, number of layers, signal analysis, and types of components playing a large role. But there are a number of methods & practices that you can use to ensure a systematic approach to troubleshooting PCBs.

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Step 1: Get the Right Tools for the Job

Make sure that you have the right tools available to help you with your troubleshooting. This includes tools ranging from basic tools such as multimeters, test probes, continuity testers & wire cutters, to advance tools such as LCR meter, oscilloscope, power supply, and logic analyzer.

Step 2: Visual Inspection First!

Perform a thorough visual inspection of the PCB before getting on with the troubleshooting process. This will help you in determining defects such as overlapped traces, burnt out components, signs of overheating, missing & bulging components.

Step 3: Perform a Physical Inspection

Power up the PCB & perform a physical inspection. Search for hot spots by either lightly touching the surface of the PCB or by simply using a thermal camera. On finding a hot part, cool it down with short blasts of canned air & test the circuit operation with the affected part at lower temperatures. While touching a live circuit, make sure that only one hand makes actual contact with the PCB board in order to prevent a fatal electrical shock from traveling through your heart.

Step 4: Conduct IC Testing

Check every IC on the PCB board for anomalous behavior using a logic analyzer & an oscilloscope. Keep an eye out for any operational discrepancies. Most ICs can be easily identified by the markings present on top the IC cover.