Introduction: Writing Machine Using Wood

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A CNC writing machine is an automated writing device that may be used to type any kind of text or draw any kind of design on paper. For the CNC writing machine to function, the x and yaxes are needed. Together, the x and y axes produce a 2D image on a sheet of plain paper.

Supplies

We need following materials to make writing machine.


Mechanical Parts :

  • Wood
  • 8 mm Threaded Rod 31 cm long (2 pcs)
  • 8 mm Threaded Rod 38 cm long (2 pcs)
  • 8 mm Plain Steel Rod 30 cm long (4 pcs)
  • 8 mm Plain Steel Rod 6 cm long (2 pcs)
  • LM8UU Slider bearing (6 pcs) 
  • F623ZZ 10x4x3 mm bearing (4 pcs)
  • Stepper motor Pulley GT2 (2 pcs)
  • GT2 6mm Belt 1.5 meter 
  • 8 mm Nut (16 pcs)
  • 3mm screw

Electrical Parts :

  • Arduino Uno (1 pc) 
  • CNC Shield V3 Expansion board (1 pc) 
  • A4988 Stepper Motor Driver (2 pcs) 
  • Nema 17 Stepper Motor ( 2 pcs) 
  • SG90 Servo Motor (1 pc ) 
  • 12 Volt 1 A Adapter
  • 2 pin Short Jumper ( 6 pcs )
  • Stepper Motor Wire ( 2 pcs)
  • Mg90 servo motor extension wire (1 pc)
  • Type B Arduino Cable


Tools :

  1. Drill Machine
  2. Computer
  3. Scale and Pen
  4. Saw
  5. Screwdriver

Step 1: Cutting Wood

As seen in the picture, take a long wood strip that is 45 mm broad and cut it into 75 mm.

Mark a 75 mm line with a pen first, then cut it with a saw. Make four identical cuts, then verify that they are precisely 45 mm broad and 75 mm long.

Step 2: Make Holes

At this point, mark four locations to drill 8 mm holes for steel rods. Mark four points ten millimeters from the corner and use an 8 mm drill bit in your drill machine. As seen in the photos, carefully drill each of the four holes.

Next, create a single, rectangular cutout at the top, as seen in the picture, and round the corner using sand paper.

Step 3: Make X and Y Axis Slider

Take out two 31-cm threaded rods, two 38-cm threaded rods, and four 30 cm steel rods. Now, feed an 8 mm nut through the 31 cm threaded rods and insert in to bottom wooden holes. Take another nut now, and slowly tighten both of them. Next, arrange the other end in this manner.

Create a framework similar to this for the other two threaded rods.

Step 4: Make Sliding Mechanism

Now, pass LM8UU bearings through all of the 30 cm long, 8mm steel rods. After that, feed the rods into the wooden components' top holes as indicated by the drawings.

Two axes are now created. Y is the long axis while x is the short axis.

Step 5: Make Pen Holder Slider

Now, cut three 20 mm long and one 45 mm long wooden strips. Create two holes in a wooden block measuring 45 mm by 20 mm. Next, drill the same holes in a second wooden block. 

Right now Using 65 mm steel rods, insert the LM8UU bearing through the rods and into the holes as shown in the pictures. 

Attach this structure to a wooden block of 45 mm by 65 mm.

Step 6: Pen Holder

Drill a 3 mm hole in the pen holder slider's center, as shown in the picture. Take a 45 x 20 mm block now, and attach one thread as seen in the photo. After that, insert the thread into the 3 mm hole and stick the block to the LM8UU Bearings.

Step 7: Complete X and Y Axis

Now, place a wooden block on the Y axis of the LM8UU bearings and the pen holder on the X axis of the LM8UU bearings.

Check that the X and Y axis sliders are operating correctly now.

Step 8: Attach Stepper Motor

Now grab two GT2 stepper motor pulleys and two Nema 17 stepper motors. Attach the stepper motor to the wooden side of the X axis by applying glue to one side, as shown in the photo. Place the second stepper motor on the wooden side of the Y axis. 

Using a key, insert the GT2 pulleys into the stepper motor shaft. 

Step 9: F623ZZ Bearings

Create a 3 mm hole in the center of the wooden block on the right side, then insert two F623ZZ bearings using a 3 mm bolt. Fit in this manner along the X and Y axes.

Step 10: GT2 Belt Placement

Place tiny wooden pieces on the slider's rear as shown in the picture. Next, take a 70 cm long GT2 6mm belt and attach it according to the Slider X and Y photos.

Step 11: Stepper Motor Wire

To get the belt tight, now tighten the nuts on the threaded rods. Next, use the stepper motor wire to move spirally on the Y axis threaded rod as shown in the picture.

Step 12: Controller

To build the controller, you'll need an Arduino Uno, a CNC Shield V3 Expansion board, two A4988 Stepper Motor Drivers, and six short jumpers.


As shown in the picture, install the CNC Shield V3 Expansion board to the Arduino Uno. Next, attach a short jumper to the CNC shield as indicated by the diagram. As seen, insert the last two A4988 drivers into the CNC shield.

Step 13: Placement of Controller

Now, using a glue gun, apply some glue to the Y-axis wooden block. Position the controller on top of it and let it cool.

Step 14:

Now, use glue to attach the X and Y axes. Put the MG90 Servo motor on the pen holder as shown in the illustration. Next, insert the thread into the shaft coupling and secure the servo motor. Trim extra thread, then fasten rubber band as shown in the image.

Step 15: Pen Mount

Now take a geometry rounder and use a cutter to cut the pen mount.Using adhesive, attach this pen mount straight on the pen holder.

Step 16: Wiring

Refer to the wiring using pictures now, and connect the stepper motor wire to the CNC shield. Next, using the pictures, attach one end of the MG90 Servo motor extension wire to the servo motor and the other end to the cnc shield.

Step 17: Power Supply

Now take a 12 volt, 1 amp converter, and connect the Arduino Uno and computer to the Type B Arduino cable while attaching the positive and negative wires to the aluminum shield according to the diagram.

Step 18: Firmware Installation


Next, attach an Arduino Uno to a computer using a USB pin. Next, choose the Arduino Uno board and port on your computer by opening the Arduino IDE software.

Next, open the firmware in the Arduino IDE by using the file - open menu. then upload the firmware to the Arduino Uno.

Inkscape may be used to create designs, which can then be exported to the Universal Gcode Sender application. After that, click "start" to start writing on paper.

Step 19: Working

Now enjoy writing of this machine.