Introduction: Clap-on Switch

A relative asked me one time if i could create a switch that reacts to clapping your hands. So i've orderd some stuff to create a project and decided to make a instructable so everyone could have a awesome switch like that.

The microcontroller is the brain of this project. A sound sensor is connected to the microcontroller, the sensor is sending analog data when sound is detected. The microcontroller is programmed to detect large differences in sound. When a high enough difference is detected, meaning a clap, the microcontroller sends a signal to the relay. The relay switches and the light turns on. When clapping a second time, the light will turn off again.

Supplies

Physical stuff:

  • 1x ATmega328P Xplained Mini with cable for programming
  • 1x 5v relay module 1-channel (KY-019 or similar)
  • 1x Sound sensor module (KY-038 or similar)
  • 1x Breadboard
  • 6x Male-Male jumper wire
  • 1x light socket with cord (or any other device you want to turn on)
  • 1x lightbulb
  • 1x resistor* (I use 220 Ohm)
  • 1x LED*

Software (download):

  • AtmelStudio 7.0(https://www.microchip.com/mplab/avr-support/atmel-studio-7)
  • Putty (www.putty.org)*

* For testing purposes

Step 1: Connections

Connect all the wires as shown in the image.

Step 2: Creating the Program

I like to code in C so this project is written in C.

If you have not yet downloaded and installed the needed software, download and install it now.

Now follow these next steps:

  1. Open AtmelStudio.
  2. Click on "File" -> "New" -> "Project".
  3. Click on "GCC C Executable Project". Give your project a name and location to store. Click "Ok".
  4. Search for the ATmega328P. Click "ATmega328P" -> "Ok".
  5. Click in the Solution Explorer on "main.c" to open the main program.

Step 3: Adding Code

Delete the code already present in main.c

Copy and paste the following code in main.c

#define F_CPU 16000000

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "usart.h"

#define MINIMALVALUE 5
void InitADC();
uint16_t ReadADC(uint8_t ADCchannel);

double val1, val2;

int main(void)
{
	// Initialise the USART
	USART_init(9600);
	USART_putstr("#USART init\n");
	// Initialise the ADC
	InitADC();
	USART_putstr("#ADC init\n");

	// PC1 pin of PORTC output, the rest input.
	DDRC = 0b00000010;
	// set initial values to PORTC low.
	PORTC = 0b00000000;

	while(1)
	{
		//reading potentiometer value
		// read value and store in val1
		val1=ReadADC(0);
		_delay_ms(1);
		// read next value en store in val2
		val2=ReadADC(0);
		char str[10];
		// the ReadADC() gives the value back in integers. If we want to debug or see the value on putty,
		// the value needs to be converted to characters so the USART can print it.
		itoa(val1,str,10);
		USART_putstr(str);
		USART_putstr("\n");
		
		// if the 2 values have a certain difference. A sound is detected and switches a port.
		// MINIMALVALUE can be changed, increasing will make it less sensitive. Decreasing will make it more sensitive
		if(val1-val2 > MINIMALVALUE || val2-val1 > MINIMALVALUE)
		{
			PORTC ^= 0b00000010; // LIGHT ON UC
			_delay_ms(200);
		}
	}
}

void InitADC()
{
	// Select Vref=AVcc
	ADMUX |= (1<<REFS0);
	//set prescaller to 128 and enable ADC
	ADCSRA |= (1<<ADPS2)|(1<<ADPS1)|(1<<ADPS0)|(1<<ADEN);
}

uint16_t ReadADC(uint8_t ADCchannel)
{
	//select ADC channel with safety mask
	ADMUX = (ADMUX & 0xF0) | (ADCchannel & 0x0F);
	//single conversion mode
	ADCSRA |= (1<<ADSC);
	// wait until ADC conversion is complete
	while( ADCSRA & (1<<ADSC) );
	return ADC;
}

Step 4: Adding USART

The USART is a serial communication protocol that can be used on the microcontroller. I use it on the microcontroller to see analog data from the sensor.

The USART is already programmed correctly, containing a header(.h) and source(.c) file. Download the 2 files and add them to your program in AtmelStudio.

Right-click on the project name in the Solution Explorer. Click "Add" -> "Existing Item..." and select the 2 downloaded files.

Attachments

Step 5: Running the Code

Connect the microcontroller to the computer. Search on your computer for "device manager" and open it. Look for "Ports (COM & LPT)" and remember the COM-port the microcontroller is on.

Open PuTTY and click on "Serial" type the COM-port you have found of the microcontroller and click "Open". A terminal pops up, leave it for now.

Go back to AtmelStudio to select the right tool for programming the microcontroller.

  1. Click on the hammer tool.
  2. Select the "mEDBG*ATML" debugger/programmer.
  3. Select interface "debugWIRE".
  4. Click "start without debugging".

The program wil build and write.

When the program runs correctly you would see integer values in puTTY. Using a screwdriver i can change the value seen in puTTY by turning the screw on the sensor. My sensor gives the values from 0 to 1000 when turning the screw all the way. Im turning the screw to 100(10%) of the total value. I have found out that this works for me.

Step 6: Change Sensitivity

To adjust the sensivity when the light turns on you can use 2 options, but choose one not both:

  1. Change sensor screw;
  2. Change code value.

I use option 2. Increasing the MINIMALVALUE wil make it less sensitive, decreasing makes it more sensitive. 

#define MINIMALVALUE 5

Step 7: Switch Anything You Like!

WARNING: Watch out when switching higher voltages!

When you're happy with the sensivity of the sensor you can change the circuit. Change the circuit like the image above. You can now switch anything you like!