Glowing Color-Changing Guitar

In the kingdom of rock and roll it is important to set oneself apart. With millions of people in this world who can play the guitar, simply playing well is just not going to cut it. You need something extra to rise up as a rock god. Consider this guitar the mystical glowing ax bestowed upon you by the Rock Goddess of Bangs; The fabled ax that will lay waste to nonbelievers and shred through the aether with the transcendent glory of rock. With this weapon of unfathomable power, you will be an explosion of light and sound rising up above the writhing masses.

While there are a couple of other glowing guitars out there, this one by and large sets itself apart. For starters, it is frosted to diffuse the glow of the LEDs. This means that the whole body glows instead of being just edge-lit, and you can also see it during the daytime. The other unique feature of this guitar is that it responds to the music being played. The brightness is adjusted by the volume, and the color is controlled by the duration that it is being played. So, the harder you rock, the more colors you will see.

Step 1: Go Get Stuff

You will need:

(x1) Clear acrylic guitar *
(x1) Arduino Micro
(x1) Addressable 3-color LED strip
(x1) LM741 op-amp
(x2) 2N5457 transistors -- alternate: NTE457
(x1) 10M resistor **
(x2) 2.2M resistor **
(x1) 470K resistor **
(x4) 100K resistor **
(x2) 47K resistor **
(x2) 10K resistor **
(x1) 1K resistor **
(x1) 10uF capacitor ***
(x2) 1uF capacitor ***
(x3) 0.1uF capacitor
(x1) 1N4733A zener diode
(x1) Proto Board
(x1) 3' mono audio cable
(x2) 4 x AA battery holder
(x1) Power jack
(x20) 4-40 x 1/2" bolts
(x1) 6" x 6" x 0.025" glossy stainless steel
(x1) 2-part epoxy
(x1) 12" x 24" x 1/6" sheet of acrylic
(x1) electric guitar string set

* Finding a clear guitar is the tricky bit. Best course of action is to search Amazon or Google.
** Carbon film resistor kit. Only kit necessary for all labeled parts.
*** Electrolytic capacitor kit. Only kit necessary for all labeled parts.

Please note that some of the links on this page contain Amazon affiliate links. This does not change the price of any of the items for sale. However, I earn a small commission if you click on any of those links and buy anything. I reinvest this money into materials and tools for future projects. If you would like an alternate suggestion for a supplier of any of the parts, please let me know.

Step 2: Unstring the Guitar

Wind down each of the tuning machine heads and remove all of the strings.

Step 3: Take of the Neck

Detach the neck from the body of the guitar by removing the four screws at the base of the neck.

Step 4: Remove the Control Plate

Unscrew the control plate from the body of the guitar.

Make note of where the wires from the pickups and output jack are connecting to the controls.

Once you are sure you have a record of the wiring connections, cut the wires to free the control plate entirely from the guitar.

Step 5: Remove the Bridge

Remove the screws holding the bridge to the guitar body, and free it from the guitar.

In my case, one of the pickups came along with it. If you have a guitar in which the pickups are not attached to the bridge, remove the pickups seperately.

Step 6: Remove the Jack

Remove the output jack from the guitar body.

Step 7: Remove the Pickguard

Remove the screws holding the pickguard to the guitar body and any of the remaining pickups.

Step 8: Detach the Strap Buttons

Unscrew both of the strap buttons from the body of the guitar.

The body should now have nothing attached to it.

Step 9: Cut

Cut the LED strip into a 16" and a 20" section (or however long you deem appropriate for your guitar).

Solder 18" wires to both ends of the 16" LED strip.

Step 10: Route

Using a router table, make one channel that runs between the strap button mounting holes that is 20" long, by 0.25" deep, by 0.6" wide.

Next, make another channel that is 16" long by 0.25" deep by 0.6" wide that starts at the edge of the audio jack mounting holes and runs the legnth of the bottom of the guitar.

These channels will hold the two LED strips. Thus, if your LED strip is longer, you will need longer channels.

Step 11: Drill

Drill a 1/4" diameter hole from the edge of the routed LED channel that is closest to the control comparment down on through the side of the guitar into the compartment itself.

Drill another 1/4" hole from the back side of the guitar straight down until it intersects with the opposite edge of the same routed channel.

Drill a similar 1/4" hole to meet the closest edge of the other routed channel.

Step 12: Trace

Place the battery holders and circuit board on the back side of the guitar in a spot where there is room to route a channel large enough to fit both battery holders and the circuit board.

In my case I found they fit upon the back side perfectly between the two pickup channels.

Step 13: Route

Using a straight edge clamped to the body of the guitar as a guide, follow along the perimeter of the tracing with a plunge router. This will require readjusting the guide for each face of the perimeter.

Once the perimeter is cut, route out all of the material that is remaining on its inside.

This should approximately leave a 6.25" x 2.85" x 0.65" rectangular electronics compartment.

Step 14: Wire Channels

Route two straight channels that are approximately 1/4" wide by 1/4" deep from from each of the 1/4" holes drilled in the back of the guitar to the electronics compartment. These channels will be used to route the wires connecting the two LED strips.

Step 15: Insert the Strip

Take the wires connected to the one LED strip and pass them through the long 1/4" hole that goes into the control compartment. Pass the other set of wires through the 1/4" hole that goes out the back of the guitar body.

Pass the wires that have come out the back through the other 1/4" hole into the other LED compartment.

Solder them to appropriate terminals on the other LED strip such that the two strips are wired in parallel.

Step 16: Cut, Bend, Glue and Clamp

Cut a 20" x 0.6" strips of 1/16" acrylic, and also a 16" x 0.6" strip of 16" acrylic.

Once you have the two strips, now comes the tricky part.

Lay the LED strip flat in each of the channels and clamp the edge of the acrylic strip to the inside edge of the channel of equal legnth, and then epoxy the corner of the strip in place. Place a clamp on this corner.

Using a heat gun, soften the strip and form it around the counter of the guitar. Epoxy and clamp the strip in place as you go, until it is clamped in the channel and neatly epoxied in place.

Wait for the epoxy to fully set and repeat this process with the opposite channel.

Of course, this is easier said than done and make take a few attempts go get right. One thing I encountered while doing this is that the clamps tend to slip, especially when there is wet epoxy around. I solved this by placing a few thing pieces of scrap wood over the acrylic and then clamping it. This provided just enough traction to keep it from slipping. However, be careful not to get too much epoxy on the wood or you will have an annoying time sanding this away later.

Step 17: More Routing

Using a 3/4" diameter plunge router bit, cut a 1" wide by 1" deep channel for the power switch.

Flip the guitar over. Using the same bit, and at the same depth as the electronic compartment, make a notch off one edge large enough for a power charging jack to fit.

Step 18: Drill Connections

With a hand drill, make a 5/16" hole between the power switch channel and the control compartment.

Make another hole between the electronics compartment through to the control compartment.

These will be used for routing wires between the components.

Step 19: Fill Gaps

Fill in any gaps around the acrylic strip with epoxy. This will prevent sand from getting into the channel during sandblasting.

Step 20: Tape

Fill in any channels or holes with masking tape in order to protect these from getting frosted or widened while sandblasting.

Step 21: Sandblast

Place the guitar into the sandblaster and evenly frost all sides.

In the very likely eventuality that you do not have a sandblaster at your disposal, you can pay someone else to do this for you. Typically any place that does powder coating will also do sandblasting for relatively cheap.

Should you not want to go through the bother, you can use an appropriate spray paint to get a nice frosted effect.

Step 22: Clean Up

Remove all of the masking tape (or what is left of it) from the guitar.

Step 23: Mark Drill Holes

Cut the back cover out of 1/16" acrylic if you have not done so already using the attached template.

Place the template over the electronics compartment on the back of the guitar such that it covers all of the routed channels.

Use a pencil and make marks in each of the small mounting holes around the perimeter of the back cover.

Step 24: Sandblast Again

Sandblast one face of the back cover.

Peel the acrylic's protective coating off the opposite side when you are done.

Step 25: Drill and Tap

Drill 0.08622" holes 1/2" down into the guitar with a drill press using the pencil marks as guides.

Use a 4-40 tap to thread the holes.

When you are done, check to make sure they are correct by threading 4-40 bolts into each of the holes. They should twist in without resistance or being loose.

Step 26: Switch Plate

Cut a power switch plate out of 0.025" (or thicker) high-gloss stainless steel using the attached template.

Step 27: Mark

Position the switch plate over the power switch channel and use the plate as a guide to make drill marks in each of its mounting holes.

Step 28: Drill and Tap

Drill 0.08622" x 1/2" deep holes using the marks made in the power switch plate mounting holes.

Thread these with a 4-40 tap.

Step 29: Trim the Arduino

Cut the ICSP pins off of the Arduino Micro board in order to lower its height profile and to make it easier to fit inside of the guitar.

Step 30: Program

Download and install the Adafruit_NeoPixel library into your Arduino libraries folder.

Program the Arduino with the following code:

/*
******************************
Glowing Color Changing Guitar
******************************
by Randy Sarafan - 2013

Controls an LED strip based on the playing of a guitar. 

- The intensity of the playing controls the brightness.
- The frequency of intense playing controls the color.

This code uses the Adafruit_NeoPixel library which can be found  here:
https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_NeoPixel

For more information and a schematic visit the project page at:
https://www.instructables.com/id/Glowing-Color-Changing-Guitar/

This code is in the Public Domain. 
However, if you find it incredibly useful, buy me a pizza.

*/


// LED strip library
#include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>

// Name pin 12 'PIN'
#define PIN 12

// Set the parameters for the LED strip
// I am using the LED strip sold at Radioshack
Adafruit_NeoPixel strip = Adafruit_NeoPixel(30, PIN, NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ400);

// Set the named of the analog in pin
const int analogInPin = A0;  

// Variable to read the incoming audio on the analog pin
int sensorValue = 0;

// Variable for mapping the incoming audio to a brightness value between 0 and 255
int outputValue = 0;

// Variable used to store the tally of all sampled values
int sensorValue1 = 0;

// The number of audio readings sampled before the LED strip is updated
int sampleSize = 30;

// Keeps a running tally of the samples taken
int additup = 0;

// The rate at which the color goes from blue (0) to red (255)
int colorChangeRate = 3;

// The rate at which the color goes from red (255) to blue (0)
// This must always be less than the colorChangeRate
int colorDecayRate = 2;

// This variable is used to track how frequently the guitar is played loudly.
// As this value increases, the color changes. However, this variable is automatically 
// decreasing while the guitar is not being played.
int addupintensity = 0;

// Used to store rgb values for the LED strip
uint32_t rgbValues;

void setup() {
 
  // Initialize the LED strip and turn it off
  strip.begin();
  strip.show(); 
  
}


void loop() {

  // Read the analog in value:
  sensorValue = analogRead(analogInPin);
  
  
 // The audio wave goes above and below (about) 500
 // If we only read the numbers above 500, only half of the 
 // audio wave would be sampled. This conditional takes the 
 // numbers below 500 and changes them to the appropriate numbers above. 
 // I am setting numbers that are +/-5 from 500 to be 500 to make sure
 // that the LED strip stays at 0 brightness while it is not being played.
 
 if(sensorValue < 500){
   sensorValue = ((500 - sensorValue) + 500);
   if(495 < sensorValue < 505){
     sensorValue = 500;
   }
 }
 
 // Keep a running tally of all of the sensor values read.
 // This tally will be averaged after the sample size number is reached.
 sensorValue1 = sensorValue + sensorValue1;
 
 // Keep track of how many samples have been taken.
 additup = additup + 1;
 
 // Does this when the number of samples taken matches the sampleSize variable
 if(additup == sampleSize){
   
     // Reset the sample count.
     additup = 0;
   
     // Set the sensor value to be the average of the sensor tally divided by the sample size. 
     sensorValue1 = sensorValue1 / sampleSize;
   
     // Map the average sensor value to a number between 0 and 255 for brightness
     outputValue = map(sensorValue1, 500, 1023, 0, 255);  
   
     // If the average sensor reading is above the 700 threshold
     // then increase addupintensity (variable which changes the color)
     if(sensorValue1 > 700){
       addupintensity = addupintensity + colorChangeRate;
     }
     
     // Don't let addupintensity go over 255
     if(addupintensity > 255){
       addupintensity = 255;
     }
     
     
     // Cycles between colors based on the value of addupintensity. 
     // As the number increases from 0 to 255, the color goes from blue, to green, to red.
     
     if(addupintensity < 85) {
       rgbValues =  strip.Color(255 - addupintensity * 3, addupintensity * 3, 0);//blue to green
     } else if(addupintensity < 170) {
       rgbValues =  strip.Color( 0, 255 - (addupintensity - 85) * 3, (addupintensity - 85) * 3); //green to red
     } else{
       rgbValues = strip.Color(0, 0, 255); // Red
     }
     
     // Calls the function to send color values to the strip
     colorWipe(rgbValues);
     
     // Returns the addupintensity variable to 0 (i.e. blue) at the decay rate
     if(addupintensity > colorDecayRate){
       addupintensity = addupintensity - colorDecayRate;
     }
     
     // Reset the average sensor value tally before the next loop
     sensorValue1 = 0;
   } 
}


// Function to send information to the LED strip
void colorWipe(uint32_t c) {
  for(uint16_t i=0; i<strip.numPixels(); i++) {
    
    // Set the color value to each pixel
    strip.setPixelColor(i, c);
    
    // Set the brightness of the LED strip   
    strip.setBrightness(outputValue);

    // Send the color and brightness information to the LED strip
    strip.show();
  }
}

Step 31: Trim (optional)

If necessary, trim the PCB slightly shorter to fit snugly inside the back electronics compartment with the two battery holders.

Step 32: Build the Circuit

The circuit basically consists of a few distinct stages. In the first stage the audio from the pickups is split into two distinct channels via Jfet transistors using a design I "borrowed" from Jack Orman. One channel routes the audio to the output jack of the guitar. The other channel goes towards the preamp stage.

The preamp stage is needed to boost the signal from the pickups to a useable level, and consists of an LM741 using a virtual ground created by the voltage divider on pin 3. It was important to me to keep the circuit simple and not to have to mess around with an opamp that required a true split rail supply.

From the preamp, the output then goes to another stage which both clips the wave and constrains it to a voltage between 0 and 5.1 (in theory). However, because I am using a zener diode to clip the waveform and due to the diode's voltage drop, the wave can actually drop a little below 0. This is less than ideal, but I can live with it and it does not seem to bother the Arduino much. That said, it is good to keep in mind that over time this could potentially damage the Arduino pin that is receiving the signal.

Speaking of which, the only place left for the audio to go in this circuit is into analog pin 0 on the Arduino.

Step 33: Trim

Take the stereo audio cable and clip off the connectors on each end.

Step 34: Wire the Switch

This circuit uses a 3PDT switch. Basically, this switch can be used to turn off power to the circuit board and bypass the audio directly to the output jack. In other words, even if the circuit is not powered up, it can still function as just a regular electric guitar, but by pressing it you can power up the LED circuit and route the audio to the splitter on the circuit board.

Pick two pins that get toggled on and off when the switch is pressed. This can be tested with the continuity setting on a multimeter, and by pressing the switch on and off.

Once these pins are identified, connect the audio-in wire from the pickups to pin located in the center row, and the Arduino audio cable to the pin located towards the outside of the switch.

On the set of pins directly next to it connect the audio-out cable, and the Arduino return cable.

Also connect the ground wires from the audio cables to the metal frame of the switch.

Now, on the remaining set of pins next to both of these connect two 18" wires which will be used to toggle the circuit on and off by breaking the ground connection.

Additionally, wire the central ground connection to the metal frame of the switch.

Finally, connect together the two unused pins in line with both sets of audio toggle pins. This will serve to bypass the audio signal past the circuit board when the Arduino is turned off.

Step 35: Install

Pass the wires from the switch through the hole in the switch compartment to the control panel compartment.

Next position the switch in its compartment, and affix the switch panel using the switch's mounting hardware.

Fasten the switch panel to the guitar using 4-40 bolts.

Step 36: Bridge

Reinstall the bridge, pick guard, and pickups.

Make certain that the wires get routed properly back to the control panel.

Step 37: Output Jack

Reconnect the output jack to the guitar.

Step 38: Ground Wire

Connect an extra 6" ground wire to the body of the middle potentiometer on the control panel.

Step 39: Rewire

Reattach all of the pickup wires to the control panel as they were previously connected.

Connect the audio output from the volume knob to the audio-in wire from the power switch.

Also wire the audio out wire from the power switch to the audio jack connection.

Finally, connect a ground wire from the power switch to the control panel.

Make certain that all of the cables that should be grounded are (like the pickups, and audio jack).

Step 40: Control Panel

Reattach the control panel to the front of the guitar.

Step 41: Neck

Tightly fasten the neck back onto the guitar using the four mounting screws that were removed earlier.

Step 42: Restring

Install a new set of guitar strings and then retune the guitar.

Step 43: Knobs

Put all of the knobs back onto the control panel.

Step 44: Connect

Connect the circuit board to the wires from the control panel and power switch as outlined in the schematic.

These include the audio-in connection to the Arduino, the audio-out connection to the power switch, all relevant ground connections and one of the power connections from the power switch.

Step 45: Power

Wire the two battery holdes in series.

Connect the ground wire from the battery holder to the terminal connected to the of the M-type power jack.

Connect the power wire from the battery holder to the terminal connected to the terminal of the M-type power jack that gets disconnected when a plug is inserted (typically the center terminal). In this way, when the charger is connected, the power gets disconnected from the circuit board and the batteries get charged.

Finally, connect the remaining ground wire from the power switch to the ground terminal on the power jack. Also, connect a red power wire from the remaining terminal on the power jack to the 12v power plane on the circuit board.

Step 46: Batteries

Install rechargeable batteries into the battery holders.

Step 47: Back Cover

Fasten the back cover shut with 4-40 bolts.

Step 48: Reattach the Strap Buttons

Fasten the strap buttons firmly back in place.

Step 49: And It's Done...

At this point, there is nothing left to do but to turn on the LED display by pressing the power switch and rocking out.

While this guitar is entirely rad - like anything else - it could always be better. Potential improvements include more LEDs, smaller rechargeable LiPo batteries, and adding Arduino frequency detection code to light up different colors for different notes.

Did you find this useful, fun, or entertaining?
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Comments

[zen375dragon]

Is it worth getting an acrylic body? I've heard that they don't sound good.

[randofo]

The major downside is that it is very heavy. It has broken more than one guitar strap (tears right through the leather ends).

From my point of view, it sounds like any other solid body electric guitar since the pickup is just amplifying the resonance of the strings. Arguably, the body material has some minimal affect on tone and resonance, but I honestly don't think it makes much difference. At least, I can't tell. The quality of the pickup is probably more important than the body material. Also, if you are playing in a metal band with your amp cranked to 11 or using effects pedals, the body material is probably not worth worrying about because any minimal sound improvement is lost through distortion.

[MrErdreich]

So awesome. I tried doing something like this in my 3D printed guitar, needs refinement. Thanks for sharing!

[amandaghassaei]

cool!

[Sadi789]

That's awesome! Now all it needs is one of these things: http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/andrewdeagon/neckfx-do-it-with-the-lights-on/?ref=kicktraq

[NVDevastator]

You definitely did set yourself apart man! That's awesome, the closest word there is to that guitar. Good job man!

[The King of Thrasher]

Is the acrylic tele body pre-routed for a humbucker or am i going to have to do that myself?
Captcha: subminee believeth

[masynmachien]

a true masterpiece!

[CuriousAboutManyThings]

VERY cool!
Check this starting at 1:16:45 mostly through through 1:18
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjBSBUXYgCo

[randofo]

Oh wow. That is really nice. I like their solution to this. Thanks for sharing that.

[CuriousAboutManyThings]

I totally dig your yours! It looks fantastic....I especially like the frosted look of the body. Did you have to seal it to prevent it from getting smudges & dirt imbedded in the finish?

[randofo]

I considered that, but then decided against it. So far it has held up pretty well.

[usMudack1998]

Sweet Guitar! Probably very expensive at the time, but Styx could afford it! Now all we have to do is buy an Arduino Micro, some LEDs, and an 8 pack of AA batteries.

[CuriousAboutManyThings]

The materials themselves probably weren't that bad, I don't think LEDs have ever been overly expensive...But the labor involved probably cost a bit. The really cool/probably most artistically challenging part of it is how it was painted to look traditional sunburst-style unless the LEDs are on.

Your work on this & the documentation is fantastic :)

[astrong0]

Wow! That intro paragraph was superbly written. It made me want to do just that.

[jetpower]

Nice job - and good plug for the Shack! This also gets onto building electric guitars, which every maker should find fun. The frosting is a great idea!    

So how would this concept work to wrap an existing guitar for coloration, or use of optic fiber to direct light? How about tying the triggers to the beat, or song section, so that the color changes could add to the overall light show and/or to the song's dramatic content?    

Again, nice job, with lots of potentials.

[randofo]

I thought about having the colors respond to different frequencies. There are some good Instructables on the topic, but they all use the Arduino Uno and I was lazy at the time and did not feel like modifying that code to work with the Micro. It is still on the 'when I get around to it' list of things to do. It would not be hard to reprogram.

[Antzy Carmasaic]

Lovely project... I tried to implement the frequency based colour changing effect in my RGB controller box using fast fft but the end effect wasn't impressive, so ditched it. If you come around to adding it to your guitar, it will be amazing.

[Build_it_Bob]

Very nice project and execution . You are very tallented , Bravo !
Build_it_Bob

[googam]

This really is outstanding documentation on an outstanding project.