Obstacle Avoiding Robot Using Arduino Nano

In this instructable, I am going to describe how you can make an obstacle avoiding robot using Arduino.

Step 1: You Need

It is a popular Arduino robotic project. for avoiding a lot of wire connection, I have designed a PCB for it.

You can use a PCB or a dotted perfboard.

2WD Robot chassis with castor wheel.

Robot wheel for BO motor

150 Rpm BO geared motor & 1.5 inch bolt & nut

ultrasonic sensor holder

2 pcs. 9V battery & battery connector

L293D Ic & 16 pins Ic base

100mfd/25v capacitor 2 pcs 1K resistor, Led

Header pins, jumper wire ( male to female) terminal block 4pcs

HC-SR 04 ultrasonic sensor

Arduino nano

You can use a PCB or a dotted perfboard.

Step 2: Assembling the Root Chassis

Insert two geared motor in robot chassis. i have used a 2wd metal chassis but you can use any chassis

insert one castor wheel in front of robot chassis.the mechanical part is completed of this robot

Step 3: Making the Electronic Circuit

How it works

The ultrasonic sonic sensor detecting objects in front of it & measure the distance of the object.

In normal condition when there is no obstacle in front of the robot, Two motors are rotating clockwise & the robot goes straight forward.

If any object was detected within 20 cm by the ultrasonic sensor then the left motor will start to rotate anti-clockwise & right motor will rotate clockwise as it was.

So the robot turn left quickly if there is an object in front of it.

Circuit & connections if you are using a perfboard

Here I used an Arduino nano & L293D dual motor driver. Two capacitors as a filter. Led & 1k resistor for indication

Arduino digital pin 7 connect to the ultrasonic sensor trigger pin

Arduino digital pin 8 connect to the ultrasonic sensor Echo pin

Arduino digital pin 5 & 6 connect to Ic l293d pin 10 & 15 for the left motor control

Arduino digital pin 11 & 12 Connect to ic l293d pin 2 & 7 for the right motor control

Connect left motor to ic l293d pin 11&14

Connect the right motor to ic l293d Pin 3 & 6

If you want to make using PCB

the PCB for this robotic project Is well designed & easy for making. You can make different types of Arduino robot using this PCB. Another robot using this PCB

Download & order Gerber file for PCB from here.

Step 4: Uploading Code to Arduino

Upload the code to arduino nano. here is the code link for download

just download .ino file & open it using arduino IDE.

connect arduino nano using USB cable, select proper com port

then click to upload

Step 5: Testing

it is time to test the robot.

I have used a 9v battery for Arduino & another 9v battery for motor power.
For powering the motor it is good to use a rechargeable battery otherwise the 9 v battery can't run the robot long time.

This video may help you - https://youtu.be/bxEsiS6UBJM