Introduction: SMART(Solar-powered Moisture Activated Robotic Technology)

Hello There,


SMART is an innovative and eco-friendly project designed to automate irrigation processes while providing an engaging platform for students to learn about electronics and automation. Powered by solar panels, this system utilizes an Arduino Nano to monitor soil moisture levels. When the soil becomes too dry, it triggers a micro servo motor to gently unscrew a bottle cap, allowing water to drip out. Once the soil moisture is adequate, the system intelligently screws the cap back on, conserving water and ensuring optimal plant hydration. SMART combines sustainability, technology, and hands-on learning, making it an ideal project for students interested in STEM fields.


One day I wondered why people are not planting plants even though they know the importance of plants and the harmful effects of global warming. While researching about it I found this research paper.

In today's fast-paced world, where people lead increasingly busy lives, there is a growing concern over the decline in urban greenery and the lack of sustainable practices such as planting and maintaining trees and plants. The challenge lies in addressing the issue of laziness and time constraints that hinder individuals from actively participating in plantation efforts. As a result, the environment suffers from reduced green cover, impacting air quality, biodiversity, and overall ecological balance. It is crucial to develop a solution that encourages and simplifies the act of planting and nurturing trees and plants, aligning with the constraints of modern, busy lifestyles.

Supplies

For the project, students will need

an Arduino Nano/Arduino uno r3 board

soil moisture sensor

micro servo motor

solar panels( You can purchase a dc barrel or a battery and add in the project to work smoothly )

a water bottle

a pipe (thin and short)

and basic electronic components like wires and resistors.

(Easily available online)


Step 1: Assemble the Hardware

Connect the Arduino Nano to the soil moisture sensor and the micro servo motor. Ensure proper wiring and power connections. Wiring and the schematics given above are on the Arduino r3 board but the connections will remain the same for the nano board as well as for the mechanical servo motor. Link to the circuit and code on Tinker cad.


Step 2: Programming the Arduino

The above circuit link also includes code in it which you may copy. You may copy from below. 👇.

#include <Servo.h>
Servo servo_3;

void setup()
{
 pinMode(A1, INPUT);
 servo_3.attach(3, 500, 2500);
}

void loop()
{
 // If soil is dry
 if (analogRead(A1) <= 400) {
  // Repeat until soil is moist
  while (!(analogRead(A1) > 850)) {
   // unscrew the cap
   servo_3.write(180);
  }
  // if moist
  if (analogRead(A1) > 850) {
   // screw the cap
   servo_3.write(0);
  }
 }
 delay(10); // Delay a little bit to improve simulation performance
}


Step 3: Mechanical Design

Link to the 3D model on Tinker Cad. Create a secure housing for the components. Follow the 3D Model design above to build the project( don't mind my handwriting)

1) Cut the conical half of the bottle.

2) Connect the halves with a pipe(connect it as shown above) (NEVER FILL THE UPPER HALF ABOVE THE PIPE LEVEL)(IMPORTANT)

3) Cut a hole in the bottle cap to fit on the servo and fix the bottle so that it doesn't rotate along the cap.

4) Insert all the electronics inside the upper half and fix the solar panel on the lid.

5) Insert a piece of plastic between the 2 parts and seal it using a soldering iron.

6) Ensure the servo motor can access the water bottle cap. Test the mechanism to ensure smooth operation.

7) Cover the sensor with tin or aluminium foil to avoid corrosion of metal on the sensor

8) Place the sensor in the roots of the plant

9) Aim the drops over the plant's base.

10) Seal the bottle with clay or glue gun wherever required. Seal the lower half with clay so that you can fill it when empty

11) Give servo a strong base

12) PUT A HOLE BELOW TO INSERT PIPE TO ALLOW WATER TO FLOW ( NOT INCLUDED IN DESIGN) (DON'T ACT DUMB LIKE ME)


Step 4: Testing and Calibration

Install SMART in a potted plant and conduct tests to ensure it responds correctly to soil moisture levels. Fine-tune the system for efficiency and reliability. Fill the bottle with water for irrigation. Ensure the led is on else align the plant according to sunlight.

Step 5: Congratulation

With SMART your students became SMARTIE (Solar-powered Moisture-Activated Robotic Technology for Irrigation engineer). With just one project you reduced your Carbon footprint appreciate them and give them smartie printed badges. Make them feel proud of what they did.

Mahatma Gandhi said

"Be the change you wish to see in the world"

and I believe

"Together we can make this place a greener place to live in"

thank you

Step 6: Learning Outcomes Teacher's Note(This Section Is Only for Teachers):

Cognitive Learning Outcomes:

  1. Environmental Awareness: Participants will gain an understanding of the importance of green spaces and their impact on the environment, including air quality, biodiversity, and climate change mitigation.
  2. Technological Proficiency: Students will acquire skills in using technology and automation to simplify the process of planting and caring for trees and plants.
  3. Problem Solving: Participants will develop problem-solving skills by identifying barriers to plantation and creating innovative solutions to overcome them.
  4. Data Analysis: Students will learn how to collect and analyze data related to soil moisture, plant health, and environmental conditions to make informed decisions.


Affective Learning Outcomes:

  1. Environmental Responsibility: Participants will develop a sense of responsibility for the environment and a commitment to sustainable practices.
  2. Empathy: Students will gain empathy for the challenges faced by busy individuals and a desire to create solutions that accommodate their needs.
  3. Teamwork: Collaboration with peers and experts in different fields will enhance teamwork and interpersonal skills.
  4. Motivation: The project will inspire participants to take action in their communities and encourage others to do the same.


Psychomotor Learning Outcomes:

  1. Practical Skills: Participants will acquire practical skills in assembling and programming automation systems, including sensors and actuators.
  2. Planting and Care: Students will learn how to plant and care for trees and plants, including soil preparation, watering, and pruning.
  3. Maintenance: Participants will gain hands-on experience in maintaining the automated planting and care system, including troubleshooting and repairs.


Life Skills:

  1. Time Management: Participants will improve their time management skills by balancing project work with other commitments.
  2. Adaptability: Students will learn to adapt to changing environmental conditions and adjust their strategies accordingly.
  3. Communication: Effective communication with peers, mentors, and the community will be essential for project success.
  4. Leadership: Some participants may develop leadership skills as they take on roles within the project team.


These learning outcomes reflect the holistic nature of the project, encompassing cognitive, affective, psychomotor, and life skills development, all of which are valuable for personal growth and future success.